He-Ne激光腔内位相调制的增强效应研究

以电光射频位相调制光谱技术为基础,对有源腔内位相调制增强的机理进行了理论和实验研究。数值计算得到了腔内调制存在腔增强效应的结果。在调制频率为10MHz时,理论腔增强倍数为9倍,并在实验上获得了验证。     

光腔模式的数值矩阵方法

对腔镜有限分划,构造数值矩阵,并对其进行特征值求解和迭代,从而实现光腔模式计算.计算了圆形镜共焦腔和虚共焦非稳腔内的光场特性和远场光束质量,通过与理论解和实际结果的比较,证明了此法具有较大的实用价值. 本文提出了基于衍射积分理论的数值矩阵方法,在谐振腔模式计算中取得了很好的效果.其基本思想为:将腔镜划分为足够大数量的、按一定规律分布的面积单元,将镜面上复振幅的连续分布变为这些面积单元上的离散分布.最后,通过数值积分和插值计算,构造出高精度的传输矩阵,将传统迭代法中对光场复振幅的二维积分变为线性叠加,从而可对腔内光束特性迅速求解. 本文先以圆形镜共焦腔为例,计算出腔内基模的复振幅分布(腔镜表面)、腰斑尺寸和远场发散角,和拉盖尔-高斯模型比较,两者较好符合.然后,对华工激光公司的激光器产品采用的虚共焦非稳腔的光束特性计算,和实际结果符合很好.(PH3)     

基于V型谐振腔的热稳定性分析

为了提高V型谐振腔的热稳定性,采用了图解分析法,将V型折叠腔等效为腔内含有一个透镜的共轴球面腔。同时考虑到晶体热透镜效应,结合多元件光学谐振腔的等价腔分析法,将等效后腔内含透镜组的多元件球面腔近似等价为腔内不含透镜的共轴球面空腔。对V型腔等价后的共轴球面空腔的稳定性进行了理论计算和仿真分析。结果表明,当总腔长为75mm、折叠角为0.15π左右时,谐振腔具有最宽的热稳定范围;此时若增益介质与折叠镜的间距为28mm,则谐振腔能适应的最小热透镜焦距可达12mm。这一结果体现了谐振腔关键参量对热稳定性的重要影响,对激光腔型稳定性的优化设计具有一定的指导意义。     

用于连续高功率YAG激光器的高斯镜稳定腔的设计

本文通过对高斯镜热透镜稳定腔(GRMSR)内光束特征的分析,提出了设计该类激光谐振腔的一般原则,并设计了平平腔型高斯镜稳定腔。实验结果与理论分析相符,并得到高输出功率、高光束质量的连续YAG激光输出。     

改性KTP晶体、三镜折叠腔内倍频研究

本文利用改性ＫＴＰ晶体,进行了纯连续激光倍频实验。根据光束传输矩阵,用计算机数值法计算了三镜折叠腔不同谐振腔参数所对应的稳定区,对Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ／ＫＴＰ进行腔内倍频,实验获得了３－５Ｗ 纯连续绿色激光输出。其实验结果与理论计算值基本相符。     

新型大焦斑钛宝石激光放大器腔型的设计与实验研究

为了克服放大自发辐射在飞秒激光放大器中对放大脉冲的影响，将增益介质掺钛蓝宝石晶体从腔内束腰位置处移至腔内光斑最大处是一个有效的办法。设计并实验了此种新型大焦斑直线形折叠腔。计算了腔内的光斑尺寸与腔结构参数的关系，得出了腔内光斑尺寸分部图,系统实验了输出功率与腔结构参数：曲面镜半径,输出耦合镜透射率，腔长等的关系，并进行了理论验证。本文为进一步将其做成新型、高效、低噪声再生放大器提供了必要的依据。     

高能激光能量计吸收腔的温度特性

为了提高高能激光能量测量的精确度,减小不准确度,给出了一种吸收腔结构,对基于量热法的吸收腔的内、外壁温度差特性进行了理论研究和实验验证。用一维非线性傅里叶热传导方程分别建立了吸收腔在激光加热过程中和加热结束后的温度分布。利用模拟实验对激光照射吸收腔的过程进行模拟,得到内、外壁温度差的实验数据。利用ANSYS软件,根据激光加热的原理,建立了仿真模型,并用模型对理论分析结果作数值仿真。理论分析结果与实验数据非常接近。在激光照射过程中,虽然吸收腔内、外壁存在渐趋固定的温度差,但当照射结束后,该温差迅速减小,吸收腔到达平衡。     

抽运腔在LD侧面抽运激光头中的应用

介绍了抽运腔在半导体侧面抽运固体激光头中的应用。运用光线追迹的方法，从理论上分析了抽运腔对抽运光在晶体中的吸收效率和相对强度分布的影响，然后对无抽运腔、有抽运腔、抽运腔内表面经过镀金处理、抽运腔内表面经过抛光和镀金处理四种情况进行了实验研究。从理论模拟和实验结果中可以看出，抽运腔及其内表面的处理质量对激光头输入输出性能有很大的影响。     

半导体激光器外腔长连续调频特性的研究

研究了半导体激光器的外腔长连续调频特性，在外腔长λ／２变化范围内，激光频率与外腔长度呈线性变化关系，线性连续调频宽度小于外腔纵模频率间隔。外腔长调频率与激光管本征频率成正比，与外腔长度成反比。实验测量结果与理论分析相一致。     

离轴非稳腔导引光多光束干涉与远场图样研究

研究光腔内导引光的往返振荡物理过程与传播特性有助于理解、判断光腔的准直失调状态。离轴非稳腔作为一种兼具高提取效率与高光束质量的混合非稳腔,调腔导引光在离轴非稳腔中的振荡物理过程研究鲜有报道。通过理论计算与实验研究了导引光在离轴非稳腔内的多光束干涉过程及其远场传播特征,在实验中搭建了离轴非稳腔（X方向为平凹稳定腔,Y方向为共焦非稳腔）导引光研究装置,通过凹球面镜小孔注入波长为632.8 nm的基模高斯光束,开展了光腔准直与导引光远场图样研究,实验结果与计算结果吻合较好。计算与实验结果表明：离轴非稳腔的干涉图样与传统共焦非稳腔/稳定腔不同,调腔导引光在腔镜小孔注入处出现椭圆“水滴”状干涉图样,该图样亮度较高,可以用于判断光腔的准直状态。输出导引光的远场光斑在Y方向上是不同振荡阶次的亮核光斑,其中高阶次亮核光斑可用于指示红外激光的远场光斑位置。     

Optically excited bulk semiconductor lasers

Optical pump experiments on homogeneous samples provide a method of obtaining a clearer understanding of the details of laser action in semiconductors. For this reason, the quantum-mechanical rate equations for a bulk semiconductor laser that explicitly include a monochromatic light field as a pump source are developed. The theory treats general optical transitions and is valid for both pure and doped homogeneous semiconductors. The developed theory gives the intensity of the laser output in the entire region from below to above threshold as a function of the intensity and frequency of the pump field, the temperature, doping level, and material constants. Also the variation of the laser light frequency at threshold upon these parameters is given by the theory. Information about the dependence of the necessary pump intensity and frequency for threshold is gained. The theoretical calculations are compared with experimental measurements and found to be in general agreement.     

双模激光场强度起伏的噪声功率密度谱及其时谱特性

采用光场的量子理论导出了自由运转双模激光场强度起伏的噪声功率密度谱及其时谱公式，重点分析讨论了双模激光场的量子统计特性及其拍频噪声的时谱特性和频率调谐特性。研究发现双模激光拍频噪声的时谱特性也可用于双模激光的稳频稳幅。     

气体等离子体产生太赫兹波的特性研究

基于光电流模型,对不同偏振情况的双色飞秒激光脉冲聚焦产生的气体等离子体中辐射出的太赫兹波特性进行了研究。根据光电流理论,气体分子被电离释放出的自由电子在非对称的激光场的作用下运动形成电子电流,产生在太赫兹波段的辐射。研究结果表明,太赫兹辐射的偏振特性与强度和入射双色激光的偏振特性紧密相关,仅当双色脉冲均为线偏振时,辐射出的太赫兹波才为线偏振,且强度受到双色脉冲偏振方向的夹角的影响;而对于实验中经过倍频晶体后变成椭圆偏振的基频光,太赫兹强度与倍频晶体的具体放置情况有很大关系,并且产生的太赫兹为椭圆偏振。     

外部光反馈半导体激光器的结构优化研究

通过构建外部光反馈半导体激光器的理论模型,并结合激光器速率方程和噪声理论,讨论并优化了增益芯片和光纤光栅外腔各参数在不同电流下对器件频率噪声和相对强度噪声的影响.模拟结果表明:通过改变电流并对有源区尺寸、光纤光栅结构和耦合效率等参数的调整,在理论上可以将器件的频率噪声降低5×108 Hz左右,相对强度噪声降低8 dB/Hz左右.该研究将为低噪声、窄线宽外部光反馈激光器的实验研究提供理论指导,同时也对其他结构的外腔激光器噪声特性的研究有着借鉴意义.     

Intensity dependence of the linewidth enhancement factor and itsimplications for semiconductor lasers

The linewidth enhancement factor is shown to become intensity dependent when the intraband relaxation effects responsible for nonlinear gain and index changes are incorporated in the theory of semiconductor lasers. The intensity dependence of the linewidth enhancement factor influences many laser characteristics such as the frequency chirp, the modulation response, the injection-locking range, and the phase noise. In particular, it leads to a power-independent contribution to the laser linewidth. Furthermore, for semiconductor lasers detuned to operate away from the gain peak, the nonlinear index changes can even lead to a rebroadening of the laser linewidth at high-output powers     

Dispersion in a laser-pumped molecular laser

The dispersion equations are derived for two laser fields of arbitrary intensity interacting with a homogeneously broadened, three-level molecular system. The results obtained apply to laser-pumped molecular lasers and may be used to analyze frequency pulling of the emitting laser and self-focusing or defocusing of the pump laser. The laser fields are allowed to be of arbitrary intensity and to be on or off resonance. The dispersion function for the emitting laserchi'(omega_{s})is evaluated in various limits. The present theory is applied to analyze previous experimental data for cavity frequency pulling in CO2laser-pumped molecular lasers, including a 385-μm D2O laser and a 496-μm CH3F laser. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment.     

Theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in saturable absorbing media with the inclusion of pump propagation effects

The phase-conjugate reflectivity attainable by degenerate four-wave mixing in an idealized saturable absorbing medium is calculated for arbitrary values of the laser intensity, laser frequency, and absorption path-length of the nonlinear medium. The influence of pump-wave absorption, including saturation and standing-wave effects, is included in the theory. The treatment is based on an analytic expression for the intensity distribution of the counterpropagating waves. The theoretical predictions differ substantially from those based on theories that ignore pump absorption effects. The results of the present calculation are used to predict the minimum laser intensity, absorption path-length, and detuning required to obtain unit reflectivity and self-oscillation.     

环形腔中背向散射特性的理论研究

研究了连续激光注入时无源环形腔的背向散射特性。首先,分析了注入光与无源腔频率完全匹配时,正向光和背散光振幅的稳态解,以及充光和快速关断过程中正向光和背散光振幅随时间的演化。其次,推导了无源腔中正向光和背向散射光的峰值半宽。最后,讨论了正向光和背散光随注入光频率扫描速度的变化。发现在环形腔中,总背向散射光强要比单圈背向散射光强大,背向散射光的峰值半宽为正向光的0.64倍。这些发现对背向散射精密测量、扫频法测腔损具有一定的参考作用。     

Saturation effects in semiconductor lasers

This paper describes a theory for a semiconductor active medium interacting with a laser field. In a semiconductor laser, the charge carrier transitions are inhomogenously broadened, and electron-electron and electron-phonon collisions tend to dephase the laser transitions and maintain thermal equilibrium among the carriers. These properties cause semiconductor lasers to frequency tune as though they are inhomogeneously broadened and to saturate as though they are homogeneously broadened. A theory that contains these two aspects of semiconductor laser behavior is presented. From it, we are able to calculate the loaded gain, efficiency, intensity, and carrier-induced refractive index of a semiconductor active medium.     

Far-infrared raman laser with high intensity laser pumping

Theoretical and experimental results are presented for a pulsed far-infrared (FIR) molecular gas laser with high intensity laser pumping. In these FIR lasers, high intensity pumping is found to produce stimulated Raman emission at very large offsets (up to 30 GHz) from resonance with the intermediate state. A theoretical, density matrix model is developed for these lasers to account for simultaneous Raman emission on rotational levels in the ground and excited vibrational states (double Raman resonance). This theoretical approach is necessary in the case of off-resonant, high intensity pumping. Theory predicts the FIR emission frequency, the FIR laser gain, and the pump threshold intensity as a function of pump laser frequency. Experimental results are obtained onP-,Q-, andR-branch transitions in¹²CH3F and¹³CH3F using a single-mode, grating tuned CO2TEA pump laser with an intensity of up to 40 MW/cm². Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment for the observed values of FIR emission frequency and pump threshold intensity. These results indicate that a widely tunable (150-1200 mum), pulsed FIR CH3F laser could be constructed with a tunable, multiatmospheric CO2pump laser of modest power (about 2-5 MW).