PVA短纤维增强粉煤灰-地聚合物基挤压复合材料的动态行为

首先通过挤压成型技术制备出宽厚比为12.5的聚乙烯醇(PVA)短纤维增强地聚合物基复合材料薄板(SFRGC),然后利用 Radmana冲击试验机系统研究了不同纤维体积分数和粉煤灰掺量的SFRGC在高速冲击载荷作用下的力学响应行为。通过激光粒度仪(LSA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等微观测试手段分析了SFRGC的微观结构和冲击破坏机制,结果表明,PVA短纤维的加入改变了地聚合物的冲击破坏模式：由脆性破坏变为延性破坏;对于不掺或掺加少量粉煤灰(≤10 wt %)的地聚合物基复合材料冲击强度高、韧性大,然而当大量粉煤灰(≥30 wt%)加入后,地聚合物基复合材料的冲击强度和韧性显著下降。另外,对SFRGC在20 次冻融和1个月硫酸侵蚀作用后的冲击响应进行了研究,探讨了SFRGC在严酷环境条件下的耐久性能。     

高性能环保型尾矿砂水泥基复合材料增韧性能研究

针对项目组研发的高性能环保型建材即替代比率达50%的尾矿砂PVA纤维水泥基复合材料,采用立方体抗压实验、薄板四点弯曲实验和薄板拉伸实验,分别测得了该复合材料的抗压强度、弯曲荷载-挠度位移和拉伸应力-应变等特性曲线,获得了该复合材料的弯曲韧性和弯曲强度以及断裂能和抗拉强度。通过实验,研究PVA纤维掺量和水胶比等因素对尾矿砂PVA纤维水泥基复合材料增强和增韧性能的影响。实验结果表明,配合比对尾矿砂PVA纤维增韧水泥基复合材料的力学性能有显著影响;合适的配合比可使该复合材料获得准应变硬化和多裂缝特征,使其具有良好的弯曲韧性和抗拉延性以及较好的抗压强度、弯曲强度和抗拉强度。综合评价了尾矿砂PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的强度、韧性及其适用性,为该环保型复合材料的工程应用提供了依据。     

聚乙烯醇纤维增强钢渣粉-水泥复合材料基本力学性能及微观结构

通过掺加钢渣粉来制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维增强钢渣粉-水泥基复合材料,从宏微观两个方面研究了这种复合材料的性能。考虑了基体材料的水胶比（0.25和0.35）、不同钢渣粉质量分数（0、30wt%、60wt%、80wt%）,采用抗压强度试验、薄板四点弯曲试验研究了PVA纤维增强钢渣粉-水泥基复合材料的基本力学性能变化规律及其在弯曲荷载作用下的裂缝控制能力,采用扫描电镜观测了破坏后试样的微观结构。结果表明,水胶比和钢渣粉掺量均可明显影响PVA纤维增强钢渣粉-水泥基复合材料的基本力学性能,在低水胶比条件下（水胶比为0.25）,钢渣粉掺量达到80wt%时,试样表现出较高的韧性指数和良好的裂缝控制能力,基本满足工程所需强度要求,水胶比为0.35时钢渣掺量不宜超过60wt%;同时,从节能减排的角度考虑,利用钢渣粉制备PVA纤维增强钢渣粉-水泥基复合材料是可行的。      

高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基材料的制备与性能

为了获得高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料的制备方法,研究了砂的颗粒级配、水胶比和粉煤灰掺量对高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Engineered Cementitious Composites,ECC)的弯曲性能、抗压、抗折强度及开裂模式的影响。结果表明:随着砂的细度模数降低,ECC的跨中挠度增大,早期强度提高,但后期强度变化不明显。随着水胶比的增大,ECC的初始开裂荷载降低,跨中挠度增大,平均裂缝宽度增加。0.25水胶比的ECC的抗压强度可以满足高强度等级的要求。0.35水胶比的抗压强度可以满足对普通强度等级的要求。随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,ECC的初始开裂荷载降低、抗折和抗压强度逐渐降低,ECC的跨中挠度提高,平均裂缝宽度变小。在水胶比一定的条件下,采用细砂,适当增加粉煤灰掺量有助于提高ECC的韧性和延性。     

高温对钢纤维-聚乙烯醇纤维-CaCO3晶须多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料弯曲性能和微观结构的影响

为促进钢纤维(SF)-聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维-CaCO₃晶须(CW)多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料的工程应用,考察其抗火耐高温性能,本文研究了SF-PVA-CW多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料高温后的弯曲性能及其微观结构。研究发现:随温度升高,SF-PVA-CW多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料弯曲强度总体下降,但在500℃以下时下降缓慢,CW掺量为3vol%的SF-PVA-CW多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料弯曲强度有所提高;800℃及以上时,SF-PVA-CW多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料的弯曲强度急剧下降。采用JSCE SF4规定的等效弯曲强度评价弯曲韧性。随温度升高,SF-PVA-CW多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料的等效弯曲强度逐渐降低,500℃以下时掺加CW显著增强了SF对裂缝的控制能力,其中小挠度阶段的作用效果优于大挠度阶段。800℃以上时,等效弯曲强度急剧下降,其中大挠度阶段下降更为显著。借助数码相机、光学显微镜和SEM进行多尺度观测,揭示了高温对SF-PVA-CW多尺度纤维/水泥复合材料弯曲性能影响的微观机制。      

钢纤维增强粉煤灰地质聚合物单轴受压过程的声发射特性

为探索纤维增强地质聚合物宏观力学行为与细观损伤演化特征之间的关联,对不同纤维体积掺量(纤维与拌合物的体积比)的钢纤维增强粉煤灰地质聚合物复合材料进行了单轴压缩试验.基于声发射技术,对试样压缩过程的声发射行为进行监测,研究了纤维体积掺量对地质聚合物单轴受压破坏行为及声发射特性的影响.结果表明:地质聚合物的强度、延性、声发射波形的上升斜率及平均频率均随纤维掺量的提高而增大,试件破坏形态由脆性灾变逐渐向延性破坏转变;在破坏前期,纤维体积掺量为0及0.5%的试件的声发射撞击率及能量释放率(简称能量率)都保持在较高水平,最终导致试件出现灾变破坏;而2.0%的纤维体积掺量使得声发射撞击率及能量率在应力-时间曲线的拐点处达到峰值,随后缓慢下降,最终导致试件呈现延性破坏;因此,仅依据声发射撞击率及能量率的快速上升来预测灾变破坏的发生,有时可能会出现谎报的情况.     

纤维增强水泥薄板及其复合梁抗弯性能研究

实验研究了纤维对水泥基复合材料抗弯性能的影响.结果表明,聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维增强挤压脱水成型板材在弯曲荷载作用下呈现多点开裂、应变硬化的特性,具有良好的延性,聚丙烯(PP)纤维增强挤压脱水成型板材呈应变软化的特性,木纤维增强挤压脱水成型板材则呈脆性破坏;与普通混凝土梁相比,冷浇和热浇纤维增强板-混凝土组合梁的抗弯强度...     

聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料在长期浸泡作用下抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能

为了研究纤维和粉煤灰对长期浸泡作用下聚乙烯醇纤维增强水泥基复合材料（PVA纤维/水泥复合材料）抗硫酸钠侵蚀的影响,对多次试验周期后的试件表观形貌变化、质量变化、体积变化、抗压强度和微观结构进行分析研究。试验结果表明,纤维的掺入及良好的分散,在水泥基体中形成了良好的网络分布结构,使PVA纤维/水泥复合材料在硫酸钠溶液中的侵蚀速度减缓,但纤维掺量有一个最佳值;粉煤灰的掺入在一定程度上密实了PVA纤维/水泥复合材料,使其抗硫酸钠侵蚀性能得到改善,质量分数在50%之内时随着掺量的增加而更加明显。     

高延性水泥基复合材料弯曲性能的率效应

探究了不同加载速率(0.1、1、10和50 mm/min)、不同PVA纤维掺量(体积分数1.5%、1.75%、2%)以及混杂使用PVA纤维与碳酸钙晶须对高延性水泥基复合材料(High Ductility Cementitious Composites, HDCC)弯曲性能的影响。试验结果表明：随着加载速率的提高,HDCC的抗弯强度呈上升趋势,但试件的能量吸收能力下降,弯曲韧性降低。PVA纤维对HDCC的抗弯性能起控制作用,在相同加载速率下,HDCC的抗弯性能随PVA掺量的降低而劣化。相比于单掺1.75%或1.5%PVA纤维,混杂使用碳酸钙晶须提高了HDCC在不同加载速率下的抗弯强度、弯曲韧性和能量吸收能力。而相比于单掺2%PVA纤维,在不同加载速率下混杂使用1.75%PVA纤维和1%碳酸钙晶须并没有引起HDCC弯曲性能明显的劣化,但降低了HDCC成本,提高了性价比。     

多尺度纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能试验

基于水泥基材料多尺度的结构特征及破坏过程,设计了一种由钢纤维、聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维以及碳酸钙晶须构成的多尺度纤维增强水泥基复合材料（MSFRCC）,研究了其抗压强度、抗弯强度、弯曲韧性、多缝开裂形态以及断裂过程等基本力学性能。结果表明：基体材料的强度和韧性均得到了显著提高;MSFRCC在弯曲荷载作用下表现出了硬化行为和多缝开裂模式。扫描电子显微镜和断裂试验结果证实了多尺度纤维在水泥基复合材料破坏过程中发挥了多尺度阻裂作用。研究认为：通过对纤维进行多尺度组合设计,可以显著改善水泥基复合材料的韧性,廉价的碳酸钙晶须可以适量取代钢纤维和PVA纤维。     

Impact behavior and microstructural characteristics of PVA fiber reinforced fly ash-geopolymer boards prepared by extrusion technique

A short PVA fiber reinforced fly ash-geopolymer boards (SFRFGBs) manufactured by extrusion technique is developed in this study. The effects of fly ash content and fiber volume fraction on the impact behavior of SFRFGBs are also investigated. In order to better understand the impact behaviors of SFRFGBs with different content of fly ash and fiber, Laser particle size analysis (LSA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) are employed to explore the microstructure and failure mechanism. The experimental results show the addition of PVA fiber changes the impact failure mode from a brittle pattern to ductile pattern, resulting in a great increase in impact toughness for SFRFGBs with high volume fraction of fiber. SFRFGBs without or with low percentage of fly ash possess very high impact strength and stiffness. However, when too much fly ash was incorporated, the impact resistance of SFRFGBs is reduced obviously. This can be explained by the fact that low percentage of fly ash addition significantly improved the extrudability of fresh Geopolymer composites, resulting in a formation of very dense and compacted matrix with high-quality finish. When too much fly ash is added, the Geopolymer product is greatly reduced, resulting in a formation of very poor matrix.     

玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料弯曲强度时间温度相关性

研究了玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料 (GFRP) 层合板弯曲强度高温加速试验的时间温度相关性。在不同的温度和加载速率下进行了三点弯曲试验。通过弯曲强度控制曲线的时间温度移动因子曲线分析了GFRP层合板的弯曲强度时间温度相关性。探讨了低温短时和高温长时的失效机理。通过玻璃纤维拉伸延迟断裂试验,对GFRP层合板的低温短时弯曲强度的时间温度相关性进行了修正。修正后的弯曲强度控制曲线的时间温度移动因子曲线与基体树脂动态杨氏模量的时间温度移动因子曲线非常吻合,表明GFRP层合板的弯曲强度取决于基体树脂的粘弹性性能。      

Some characteristics of high strength fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete

The effect of polypropylene and steel fibers on high strength lightweight aggregate concrete is investigated. Sintered fly ash aggregates were used in the lightweight concrete; the fines were partially replaced by fly ash. The effects on compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, stress–strain relationship and compression toughness are reported. Compared to plain sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete, polypropylene fiber addition at 0.56% by volume of the concrete, caused a 90% increase in the indirect tensile strength and a 20% increase in the modulus of rupture. Polypropylene fiber addition did not significantly affect the other mechanical properties that were investigated. Steel fibers at 1.7% by volume of the concrete caused an increase in the indirect tensile strength by about 118% and an increase in the modulus of rupture by about 80%. Steel fiber reinforcement also caused a small decrease in the modulus of elasticity and changed the shape of the stress–strain relationship to become more curvilinear. A large increase in the compression toughness was recorded. This indicated a significant gain in ductility when steel fiber reinforcement is used.     

A study on the effects of high temperature on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

The flexural strength and ductility properties of cementitious composites (mortar) under high temperature may be significantly improved by incorporating different types of fibers. In this study, four different types of fibers are added to cement mortars with the aim to investigate their mechanical contributions to mortars under high temperature, comparatively. Polypropylene (PP), carbon (CF), glass (GF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers are chosen for research. These fibers are added into mortars in five different ratios (0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.50% and 2.0%) by volume. The mortars are subjected to the following temperatures: 21 °C (normal conditions), 100 °C (oven dry), 450 °C and 650 °C. The mechanical properties investigated are flexural strength, deflection and compressive strength of the cement mortars. In addition, thin sections of mortars are investigated to obtain changes in mortar because of high temperature. It is concluded that all fiber types contribute to the flexural strengths of mortars under high temperature. However, this contribution decreases with an increase in temperature. The samples with PVA show the best flexural performance (75–150%) under high temperature. CF which does not melt under high temperature also gives high flexural strength (11–85%). The compressive strengths of the mortars reduce under high temperature or with fiber addition. The highest increase in flexural strength and the lowest decrease in compressive strength is at 0.5–1.5% for CF if all temperature conditions are taken into consideration. The optimum fiber addition ratios of the samples containing PP and GF are 0.5% by volume. And for PVA, it is between 0.5% and 1.5% by volume.     

Frost resistance and microstructure of Engineered Cementitious Composites: Influence of fly ash and micro poly-vinyl-alcohol fiber

One of the most damaging environmental conditions to concrete structure is cyclic freezing and thawing. This paper discusses the influence of the high volumes of fly ash (FA) and micro poly-vinyl-alcohol (PVA) fibers on the cyclic freeze-thaw resistance and microstructure of the Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). ECC mixtures with two different FA-cement (FA/C) ratios (1.2 and 2.2 by weight), and at constant water-cementitious materials (fly ash and cement) ratio of 0.27 are prepared. To compare the behavior of ECC with ECC matrix, all of the preceding properties are also investigated for ECC matrix mixtures of same composition without PVA fiber. For frost resistance, mixtures are exposed to the freeze and thaw cycles up to 300 cycles in accordance with ASTM C666, Procedure A. Experimental tests consist of measuring the residual mechanical properties (flexural strength, mid-span beam deflection and flexural stress - deflection curve), ultrasonic pulse velocity and mass loss. The roles of PVA fibers and FA are discussed through the analysis of microstructure and fiber-matrix interactions as function of frost exposure. The microstructural characterization by measuring pore size distributions is examined before and after exposure to frost deterioration by using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The air-void characteristics of mixtures are also studied using linear transverse method. Test results confirm that both ECC mixtures with high volumes of FA remain durable, and show a tensile strain capacity of more than 2% even after 300 freezing and thawing cycles. On the other hand, before completing 300 freezing and thawing cycles, matrix (ECC without fiber) specimens have severely deteriorated, requiring removal from the freeze-thaw machine. Therefore, results indicate that the addition of micro PVA fiber to the ECC matrix substantially improved the frost resistance. The results of freeze-thaw tests also indicated that the reduction of residual physical and mechanical properties with increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles is relatively more for ECC mixture with FA/C ratio of 2.2 than for ECC mixture with FA/C ratio of 1.2.     

高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料单轴受拉特性

高韧性PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料具有很高的能量吸收能力,但强度通常较低,采用我国地方材料资源和工业废料,可制备出高强度同时极限变形量满足实际工程要求的高性能PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料(HPFRCC),以应用于高层抗震建筑结构的关键部位。通过单轴受拉强度和变形特性试验,研究PVA纤维体积率、粉煤灰掺量、硅灰掺量、水胶比及砂胶比对HPFRCC抗拉性能的影响,研究结果表明:随着PVA纤维体积掺量的增加,HPFRCC的抗拉强度与极限拉应变增大;大掺量粉煤灰替代水泥及增大水胶比可降低HPFRCC的抗拉强度,但明显改善其受拉应变硬化特性;HPFRCC中掺入适量硅灰及细砂可提高其抗拉强度,但极限拉应变降低,尤其当砂胶比较大时,HPFRCC的受拉应变硬化现象不明显;基于细观力学模型,分析了各因素对HPFRCC拉伸应变硬化特性影响的原因,研究结果可为今后HPFRCC的实际工程应用提供基础依据。     

等强度下混凝土组分对内部相对湿度和自收缩的影响

采用自制的试验装置,研究了聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维、双掺粉煤灰和矿渣以及减缩剂对7d等强度混凝土早龄期自收缩和内部相对湿度的影响规律和机理以及两者之间的关系.结果表明,减缩剂、双掺矿物掺合料和PVA纤维均明显降低了混凝土的自收缩值,以掺减缩剂效果最佳,自收缩72h(3d)前发展速度很快,可达到672h(28d)的80%以...