Study on spectral characteristics and operating parameters ofoptically pumped NH3 FIR cavity laser

By solving the density matrix equations of a quantum system and taking into account the multibeam interference characteristics of a Fabry-Perot cavity, the output power density of an optically pumped NH ₃ far-infrared (FIR) cavity laser was calculated by means of the iteration method. Based on the calculations, the spectral characteristics and operating parameters of the laser were studied. Experimentally, by using inductive metallic meshes as reflectors and couplers, a series of FIR cavity lasers with a sample tube of 10, 20, and 100 cm in length were designed and constructed, and the emissions of the NH₃ cavity lasers pumped by a TEA-CO₂ laser with a 10R(8) or 9R(16) line were measured. The experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical calculations     

基于陶瓷焊接的半导体激光器合束及聚焦研究

为了解决石油输送管道Al₂O₃陶瓷内衬管的连接问题,研制了专用的半导体激光光源用于陶瓷激光焊接。实验研究了陶瓷激光焊接所需要的半导体激光工艺参量及光束要求,采用单管空间合束、偏振合束、波长合束以及菲涅耳聚焦系统输出等方式,研制了光场分布均匀的半导体激光陶瓷焊接系统。结果表明,所设计半导体激光器偏振合束输出功率为384W,合束效率达到96.62%,经波长合束后输出功率可以超过800W,聚焦系统输出光斑均匀度为93.85%。该系统可以成功应用于不同场合的陶瓷焊接生产中,满足2mm厚度Al₂O₃陶瓷激光焊接要求。     

High-power narrow-band operation and Raman frequency conversion ofan electron-beam pumped krypton excimer laser

A Kr excimer laser pumped by a relativistic electron beam has generated high-power output by using a cavity composed of a Si mirror and M_gF₂ mirror. The threshold gas pressure for laser oscillation is 10 atm, and the maximum output power achieved so far is 6.6 MW at 15 atm. The maximum power is limited by the surface damages on the mirrors. This laser output, oscillating at 145.7 nm, has a spectral width of 0.8 nm (FWHM). Efficient spectral narrowing down to 0.1 nm has been achieved with a 32° apex angle MgF₂ prism inserted in the cavity giving 3.5 MW peak power at 15 atm of Kr gas pressure. Wavelength conversion by stimulated Raman scattering in high-pressure H₂ has been demonstrated for efficient extension of the laser wavelength     

Dependence of injection locking of a TEA CO2laser on intensity of injected radiation

We report the results of an experimental study to determine the minimum required injected power to control the output frequency of a TEA CO2laser. A CW CO2waveguide laser was used as the injection oscillator. Both the power and the frequency of the injected radiation were varied, while the TEA reasonator cavity length was adjusted to match the frequency of the injected signal. Single-longitudinal mode (SLM) TEA laser radiation was produced for injected power levels which are several orders of magnitude below those previously reported. The ratio of SLM output power to injection power exceeded 10¹²at the lowest levels of injected intensity.     

Power and efficiency of a continuous HF chemical laser

Experimental measurements of laser power output and chemical efficiency are reported for a continuous HF chemical laser. In this device, arc-heated N2is mixed in a plenum with SF6to provide F atoms. The mixture is expanded to form a supersonic jet into which H2is diffused. Population inversion and lasing are due to H2+ F → HF(υ) + H,upsilon leq 3, DeltaH = -31.7 kcal. Power levels up to 1 kW have been obtained. The efficiency of conversion of chemical energy to laser power is 16 percent at low SF6flow rates and approximately 10 percent at peak power. For a fixed arc power, addition of O2into the plenum raises peak power by about 25 percent under present operating conditions and reduces sulphur deposition on mirror surfaces. The presence of HF and DF in the plenums of DF and HF lasers, respectively, did not appear to degrade laser performance. (HF and DF levels up to 10 percent of the local F concentration were studied.) However, the presence of HF and DF in the plenums of HF and DF lasers, respectively, did degrade laser output. For given flow conditions, peak net laser power was obtained when the optical cavity axis was about 2 cm downstream of the H2injection station. The net output power was reduced to zero when the cavity axis location was increased to 5 cm.     

A high-efficiency vertical-cavity surface-emitting switching laserfabricated with post-growth cavity mode positioning

The first room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of the double heterostructure optoelectronic switching laser implemented as a vertical-cavity laser is described. A deposited dielectric top reflector of SiO₂/TiO₂ allowed the use of a cavity etch back technique after the sample was grown, to position the cavity mode at the desired wavelength. Room temperature CW threshold currents as low as 4.8 mA for a 14-μm-diameter device were obtained with slope efficiencies of 0.45 mW/mA. The maximum CW output power was 2.5 mW and the resistivity was 4×10^-4 Ωcm²     

4B1--Recent developments in CO2lasers

Experimental results are presented showing the effect of tube diameter on the output power and efficiency of CO2lasers. It is shown that both output power and efficiency are almost independent of diameter over the range 11mm to 44mm. The measured values of the output power and efficiency are 75 watts per meter and 10 percent. Higher efficiencies are obtained at lower power outputs. Mirror damage is discussed and two experiments involving the irradiation of CO2and ammonia with a high power laser beam are mentioned. An explanation is given for the strong interaction between the laser beam and the discharge tube current. Finally, the flow calorimeter used to measure high power laser beams is described.     

Laser diode-pumped holmium-doped fluorozirconate glass fiber laserin the green (λ~544-549 nm): power conversion efficiency, pumpacceptance bandwidth, and excited-state kinetics

The green (544-549 nm) Ho-doped fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) glass fiber laser, pumped in the red (λ~6;15 nm) by a high-power (~30 mW) InGaAlP laser diode or a ring dye-laser, has been characterized with regard to power conversion efficiency, fiber core-diameter and length, cavity output coupling, and pump acceptance bandwidth. Fibers doped with ~1200 ppm (by weight) of Ho and having core diameters of 1.7, 3, and 11 μm, and lengths ranging from 12.5 to 86 cm, have been studied in Fabry-Perot resonators having output couplings ranging from 1.545 to 96%. For a 1.7-μm core-diameter fiber, 21 cm in length, the threshold-launched pump power for the diode-pumped fiber laser is 1.9 and 3.5 mW for cavity output couplings of 1.5% and 24%, respectively. These values are the lowest for any upconversion-pumped fiber laser reported to date. Also, the noise and threshold-pumping power properties of the diode-pumped fiber laser are superior to those for its dye-laser-pumped counterpart. The highest laser slope efficiency (>22% with respect to launched pump power) was measured for a 3-μm core-diameter fiber and a cavity output coupling of 24%. The spectral interval over which the launched threshold pump power for this laser is <10 mW is almost 20 nm (637-656 nm). Studies of the fiber laser waveform as a function of pump power reveal competition for population between the ⁵S² and ⁵F₄ states and among the Stark sublevels of the ⁵F₄ manifold. Also, measurements of the output power on individual laser lines of the ⁵F₄, ⁵S₂→ ⁵I₈ (ground) transitions of Ho³⁺:ZBLAN as a function of pump power demonstrate the existence of a loss mechanism at the fiber laser wavelength, presumably due to absorption from ground or the ⁵I_y, ⁶S₂ or ⁵F₄ excited states of the ion     

2W reliable operation of λ=735 nm GaAsP/AlGaAs laser diodes

Reliable operation of 735 nm laser diodes based on a tensile-strained GaAsP quantum well embedded in an AlGaAs large optical cavity structure is reported. The 100 μm stripe width laser diodes were aged at a record high output power of 2W for 2000 hours. The degradation rates were 3.6×10^-5 h^-1     

Nd:Y2O3透明陶瓷4F3/2-4I11/2跃迁光谱及高效激光输出

报道了采用真空烧结法结合热等静压技术制备的Nd:Y₂O₃透明陶瓷的荧光光谱特性及相关激光输出。通过与Nd:YAG透明陶瓷的荧光光谱对比,表明Nd:Y₂O₃透明陶瓷的4F_3/2-4I_11/2跃迁光谱存在着多个增益相当的谱线,这更有利于实现同时双波长段激光振荡;不同斯塔克子跃迁光谱的离散特性有利于通过腔镜镀膜控制不同波长损耗,获得丰富的1.0~1.1 μm波段激光。利用简单的平平两镜腔结构完成进一步的实验,通过选择的输出镜片镀膜获得了输出功率3.62 W、转换效率40.4%的1074.6 nm和1078.8 nm的双波长输出和输出功率1.7 W、转换效率19.4%的1130.3 nm波长输出。     

A new helical coupling microwave antenna excited high-powerCO2 laser using a cylindrical resonant cavity

A new helical coupling antenna which was installed into a cylindrical microwave cavity (2.45 GHz) has been investigated to obtain high-power CO₂ laser operation. Laser experiments using a system of swirling fast axial gas flow parallel to the beam have been performed. The geometric properties of the helical antenna and the gas flow structures were optimized by using numerical codes analyzing the electric fields and gas flow dynamics. The swirling flow of the laser gas mixtures of CO₂-N₂-He=0.7-5-19 was caused in the discharge tube by an 8-slit nozzle. It is shown that the electric field obtained by the proper design of the helical coupling coil yields homogeneous discharges. The maximum output power and the efficiency (RF to laser power conversion ratio) was obtained as 1010 W and 15%, respectively, at a gas pressure of 45 torr and a gas flow rate of 57 kg/h     

A theory of the mode-locked, internally frequency-doubled laser

An AM mode-locked laser with a frequency doubler internal to the laser cavity is analyzed. Mathematical expressions are derived for laser pulsewidth, saturated gain, and second-harmonic output power. It is shown that the maximum second-harmonic power output available from the mode-locked laser is a factor ofsqrt{2}less than that available from an identical free-running laser. Numerical examples are given for an Nd:YAG laser with a Ba2NaNb5O15internal frequency doubler.     

高功率脉冲激光器抗失调谐振腔的研究

为简化高功率激光器谐振腔结构,提高激光器特别是高功率脉冲激光器的稳定性,增加基模体积,改善光束质量,采用直角内外圆锥面组合反射镜作为全反镜,平行平面镜作为输出镜组成新型激光谐振腔。使用高功率脉冲CO2激光器,研究了新型激光谐振腔的单脉冲输出能量和直角内外圆锥面组合反射镜失调角的关系以及新型腔激光器在全反镜失调时输出光斑的改变,并和平凹稳定腔脉冲CO2激光器进行了比较。实验结果表明,若两种激光器的全反镜失调角相同,组合锥面全反镜谐振腔激光器的单脉冲输出能量降低的程度不到平凹腔激光器的50%。在组合锥面全反镜失调角达到6′时,新型激光谐振腔激光器输出光斑形状没有明显变化。新型激光谐振腔的抗失调稳定性远超过平凹稳定腔。     

A radiatively pumped CW CO2laser

A proof of principle experiment to demonstrate the physics of a radiatively pumped laser has been carried out. For the first time, a blackbody cavity has optically pumped a CW CO2laser. Results are presented from a series of experiments using mixtures of CO2, He, and Ar in which maximum output power was obtained with a 20 percent CO2- 15 percent He-65 percent AR mixture. The dependence of the output power on the blackbody temperature and the cooling gas flow rate is also discussed. By appropriately varying these parameters, continuous output powers of 8-10 mW have been achieved.     

High power13C16O2laser with three-mirror cavity

A tunable, high power¹³C¹⁶O2laser with a three-mirror cavity consisting of two dielectric mirrors and a grating is investigated. The combination of a dielectric mirror and the grating reduces the cavity optical loss and, in this way, an output power of over 25 W is obtained in a single line for a 100 cm long sealed-off discharge tube.     

Diagnostics of TM010-mode microwave cavity discharges inCO2-N2-He laser gas mixtures. I. Measurement ofdielectric constant

Plasma parameters in the microwave discharged CO₂ laser gas mixtures of CO₂-N₂-He=0.9/2.5/20 at 25 Torr obtained using the perturbation method for a TM₀₁₀-mode cylindrical resonant cavity were examined. From the changes in resonant frequencies and Q values of the cavity, dielectric constant of the discharged plasma under the condition of RF to laser output power conversion ratio of 14% at mass flow rate of 4.2 kg/h was determined to be nearly 0.96-0.01j. It was also obtained from the dielectric constants of the plasma that electron number density, the electron temperature, and discharge parameters (E/n) were (0.3-3)×10¹⁵m^-3, 0.5-2.7 eV, and (0.5-2)×10^-15 Vcm², respectively     

复活寿命已终止的镍电极CO2激光器的尝试

本文报导了复活寿命已终止的镍电极CO2激光器的实验结果。复活处理后的腔长为600mm的镍电极CO2激光器功率为15．5W，连续工作1500小时功率无变化；至2500小时，功率缓慢降到10W。其处理费用仅相当于新管售价的1／5—1／4。     

An electro-aerodynamic CO2scan laser

An electro-aerodynamic CO2scan laser with a vanadium dioxide control reflector has been demonstrated. Gas flow, electrical discharge, and optical path are coaxial. A gain coefficient of 0.015 cm^-1has been achieved in a tapered discharge tube with 3.175 cm limiting aperture. Scanning speed near 10⁵directions per second can be utilized over3.7 times 10_{4}resolvable directions in space. Scanning output power up to 9 W was shown.     

Long-term operation of a sealed CO2laser

The life expectancy of a sealed CO2laser tube depends, to a great extent, on the interaction of the molecules existing in the discharge at the cathode. The data reported here indicates that after operation of a sealed laser, only CO and O2are formed in concentrations comparable to the initial fill gases of CO2, N2, and He. The CO, CO2, and O2, in particular, were found to be completely adsorbed at the Ni cathode within several hundred hours of tube operation. A loss of 10.6 μm power output accompanied this adsorption. As expected, the process was reversible to a degree since the laser resumed operation at the initial power level after the cathode region had been heated to 300°C. This process of adsorption-desorption was repeated several times up to an accumulated operating time of 705 hours. During this time, the power output remained at a substantially constant value. However, the loss of CO2by carbon deposits ultimately means an end to tube life.     

一种自稳频大功率单频He-Ne激光器的功率估算

介绍了一种大功率单频、自稳频、高输出功率He-Ne激光器功率估算方法的改进。用这种方法的估算值与实际输出功率值符合得较好。