一种多目标环境下的SAR图像自适应CFAR检测方法

多数CFAR检测器在多目标检测环境下需要关于干扰目标的先验信息,当检测环境发生变化时,这些检测器很难维持稳定的检测性能。针对多目标环境下的SAR图像目标检测,提出一种新的自适应CFAR（恒虚警）检测器。该检测器利用局部的杂波功率水平估计以及目标和杂波的方差特征筛选出参考窗中的均匀杂波像素,同时剔除掉干扰目标像素;在筛选过程中,每一步使用的判决门限根据上一步的判决结果自动更新;最后对筛选出的样本点作单元平均处理形成检验统计量;完全不需要干扰目标的任何先验信息。利用实测数据仿真研究了该检测器的检测性能与运行效率,实验结果表明,相对单元平均CFAR检测器及有序统计量CFAR检测器,该检测器提高了检测性能,保留了目标精细的结构特征,而运行效率与有序统计量CFAR检测器相当,很具实用性。     

基于改进VI-CFAR的模糊距离扩展目标检测算法

为了提高主动声呐在高斯背景下对距离扩展目标的检测能力,本文提出了一种新的恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法。该方法首先利用最小选择无偏最小方差和单元平均(UMCASO)方法对可变指数恒虚警(VI-CFAR)进行改进,得到改进VI-CFAR方法,再将其用于对距离扩展目标检测的第一门限处理中,同时第二门限处理使用模糊积累方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在均匀背景下只有较小的CFAR损失,而在多目标干扰下相比传统方法有更强的鲁棒性,对抗多目标干扰性能优越。对于起伏目标模型,模糊代数积积累准则性能优于模糊代数和积累准则。在不同的背景下,选用与之相适应的积累准则,可获得较为理想的检测性能。     

基于自动删除算法的分布式CFAR检测算法

研究分布式恒虚警(CFAR)检测系统在非均匀干扰背景中进行优化检测.针对多传感器分布式恒虚警检测系统在非均匀干扰背景中容易出现检测概率下降或者虚警率提高的问题,提出了一种基于自动删除算法的分布式恒虚警检测算法.算法是一种基于局部检测统计量的分布式CFAR检测算法,充分利用了局部检测器的观测信息,提高了检测性能,同时采用...     

MOSCM恒虚警检测器在非均匀背景中的性能分析

分析了MOSCM恒虚警（CFAR）检测器在多目标和杂波边缘非均匀背景中的性能，给出了它在杂波边缘情形中虚警尖峰的数学解析表达式．分析结果表明，它带来的优势主要体现在非均匀背景中，它在杂波边缘中的虚警控制能力比GOSCA和有序统计（OS）有效，对多目标情况也呈现了较好的鲁棒性，它可以均匀背景中较小的代价换取在多目标值况下性能的较大改善，如当IL＝4，IR＝2时，它比OS改善了近2dB．     

一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的宽幅SAR图像CFAR舰船检测算法

利用海洋宽幅SAR图像进行大范围海域舰船检测在海洋监视、军事侦察等方面具有重要应用。由于海况的复杂性,宽幅SAR图像背景杂波特性随海域不同而变化。采用双参数CFAR检测算法和基于K分布CFAR检测算法在处理宽幅SAR图像时,由于在待检测的所有区域采用同种背景杂波模型,导致使用的杂波模型在不适应区域失配,使CFAR检测性能下降。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于自适应背景杂波模型的CFAR宽幅SAR图像舰船检测算法,该算法通过背景窗口的多尺度统计方差判断目标所处的杂波环境,自适应选择对应的背景杂波分布模型,最后根据已知的恒虚警率及选择的杂波概率密度函数进行CFAR检测。对20多幅宽幅SAR图像进行了试验,实验结果表明:该算法在检测精度上有明显的改善。     

一种基于AD检验的CFAR检测器

传统的恒虚警率(CFAR)检测器鲁棒性较差,为此,提出一种基于AD检验的CFAR检测器AD-CA。通过Monte Carlo仿真得到AD检验的临界值,并删除异常样本。仿真结果表明,在均匀背景下,AD-CA的检测性能与OS检测器相当;在多目标背景下,AD-CA的检测性能比OS检测器有所提升,当干扰目标个数大于N–k时,仍能保持较好的检测性能。     

一种基于ODV和CA的恒虚警检测器

基于有序数据方差(ODV)方法和单元平均(CA)方法提出一种新的恒虚警检测器(MODVCA),它的前沿和后沿滑窗分别采用ODV和CA产生局部估计,再取二者的和作为背景功率水平估计.在Swerling Ⅱ型目标假没下,推导出MODVCA在均匀背景下虚警概率的解析表达式,并与其他CFAR方法进行了比较,结果表明在均匀背景及多于扰目标情况下,MODVCA的性能均比MOSCA获得了改善,同时该检测器的样本排序时间只有ODV的四分之一.     

基于α稳定分布的SAR图像目标检测算法

在SAR图像目标检测中,分布模型与杂波的拟合精度对基于统计模型的CFAR(constant false alarm rate)检测算法性能有着重要的影响。在极不均匀区域,由于存在着大量的强脉冲干扰,使得常用的分布模型的拟合精度都有所下降。基于广义中心极限定理的α稳定分布能对强脉冲干扰现象准确地建模,对各种性质区域的杂波都有较好的适应性。本文对基于α稳定分布的SAR图像目标CFAR检测算法进行了研究,给出了参数估计、标准模型变换及检测阈值确定等关键步骤的实现方法。对实际数据的处理表明,该算法具有较好的检测性能,能达到较高的检测率和较低的虚警率。     

基于GLRT的光学卫星遥感图像舰船目标检测

传统的CFAR检测应用到光学卫星遥感图像舰船目标检测中时不能对黑极性目标进行判断,针对此提出改进的基于广义似然比检验(Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test,GLRT)的舰船目标检测算法。该算法采用滑动窗口检测形式,在假设背景和目标灰度均服从高斯分布的前提下,通过GLRT判断背景窗口与目标窗口是否同分布来检测目标,兼顾了目标黑白两种极性的情况。算法实现中对图像进行了分块检测,并通过形态学处理对检测结果进行了目标聚类。采用SPOT5与CBERS实测数据进行实验,验证了海背景服从高斯分布的假设。典型数据检测结果表明,该算法可以检测黑极性目标,且相比CFAR虚警率更低,大量数据计算ROC曲线的结果以及比CFAR检测少约40%的耗时进一步表明该算法性能更优。     

一种基于连通分析的UWB SAR目标检测算法

由于超宽带合成孔径雷达(UWB SAR)具有较强的穿透性而被广泛用于探测叶簇覆盖目标,但目前针对此种目标的检测尚未有系统完整的检测算法提出,多数研究机构在对基于UWB SAR的叶簇覆盖目标进行检测时,均沿用美国Lincoln实验室提出的三级结构检测流程,该通用检测算法在对高波段、高分辨率全极化SAR数据进行目标检测时,虽表现出良好的检测和识别性能,但用于UWB SAR叶簇覆盖目标检测时,则存在诸多不适用性。该文在对通用检测算法用于UWB SAR目标检测时存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出了一种适用的新算法,该新算法通过滑窗平均、低门限恒虚警(CFAR)检测以及连通分析降低了算法对检测环境的要求,从而增强了算法的适用性和稳健性,最后给出了采用通用检测算法和新算法对UWB SAR图像中叶簇覆盖目标进行检测的结果,并验证了新算法在UWB SAR叶簇覆盖目标检测中的有效性。     

Constant false alarm rate detector based on the maximal reference cell

In order to improve the detection performance of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors in multiple targets situations, a CFAR detector based on the maximal reference cell (MRC) named MRC-CFAR is proposed. In MRC-CFAR, a comparison threshold is generated by multiplying the amplitude of MRC by a scaling factor. The number of the reference cells left, whose amplitudes are smaller than the comparison threshold, is counted and compared with a threshold integer. Based on the comparison result, proper reference cells are selected for detection threshold computation. A closed-form analysis for MRC-CFAR in both homogeneous and non-homogeneous environments is presented. The performance of MRC-CFAR is evaluated and compared with other CFAR detectors. MRC-CFAR exhibits a very low CFAR loss in a homogeneous environment and performs robustly during clutter power transitions. In multiple targets situations, MRC-CFAR achieves a much better detection performance than switching CFAR (S-CFAR) and order-statistic CFAR (OS-CFAR). Experiment results from an X-band linear frequency modulated continuous wave radar system are given to demonstrate the efficiency of MRC-CFAR. Because ranking reference cells is not required for MRC-CFAR, the computation load of MRC-CFAR is low; it is easy to implement the detector in radar system in practice.     

两种非参量检测器在非瑞利杂波中的检测性能

现代高分辨率雷达系统中,杂波分布已不再简单地服从瑞利分布,其统计特性往往无法预先确定,此时针对性较强的参量检测方法就失去了恒虚警的检测能力,因此鲁棒性较强的非参量检测方法已成为一个重要的研究方向.文中针对非瑞利杂波中广义符号(GS)检测器和Mann-Whitney(MW)检测器两种非参量检测器在两种非瑞利杂波中的检测性能进行了仿真分析.选择韦伯(Weibull)分布和对数正态(log-normal)分布为非瑞利杂波模型,详细给出了仿真模拟框图,采用Monte Carlo仿真方法,分别得出了GS、MW及最佳线性参量检测器在Weibull和log-normal杂波对非起伏目标的检测性能曲线.仿真结果表明,GS和MW在非瑞利杂波中的检测性能均优于最佳线性参量检测器,不同的杂波分布具有相同的均值与中值比(ρ)时,两种检测器性能相差不大.论证了增大独立脉冲积累数(M)是提高检测性能的有效手段.     

An adaptive cell averaging-based CFAR detector for interfering targets and clutter-edge situations

In practice, there are two common situations when the independent and identically distributed (IID) assumption no longer holds: (i) there is a clutter edge and (ii) there is an outlier, e.g., a clutter spike, an impulsive interference, or another interfering target. These can result in masking of weaker targets near stronger ones and excessive false alarms at clutter edge transitions. In this paper, a new constant false alarm (CFAR) detector is proposed, which uses a goodness of fit test to verify the IID assumption. If it is decided that the data in the reference window is IID, the cell averaging (CA)-detector is applied. Otherwise, a range-heterogeneous detection algorithm is applied to provide homogeneous samples to develop a CA-based detector. The performance study shows that the proposed detector performs like the CA detector in the homogeneous situation and outperforms other competing CFAR detectors in heterogeneous situations caused by multiple targets and clutter edge.     

Multiuser Receiver for DS-CDMA Signals in Multipath Channels: An Enhanced Multisurface Method

This paper deals with the problem of multiuser detection in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems in multipath environments. The existing multiuser detectors can be divided into two categories: 1) low-complexity poor-performance linear detectors and 2) high-complexity good-performance nonlinear detectors. In particular, in channels where the orthogonality of the code sequences is destroyed by multipath, detectors with linear complexity perform much worse than the nonlinear detectors. In this paper, we propose an enhanced multisurface method (EMSM) for multiuser detection in multipath channels. EMSM is an intermediate piecewise linear detection scheme with a run-time complexity linear in the number of users. Its bit error rate performance is compared with existing linear detectors, a nonlinear radial basis function detector trained by the new support vector learning algorithm, and Verdu's optimal detector. Simulations in multipath channels, for both synchronous and asynchronous cases, indicate that it always outperforms all other linear detectors, performing nearly as well as nonlinear detectors     

基于正交水印的盲水印检测技术

提出一种稳健的盲水印检测技术.利用水印信号与主数据之间的正交性,水印检测时 不需要使用原始数据并且可以彻底消除主数据噪声的干扰,从而大大提高了水印检测器的稳健 性.无论是根据Neyman-Pearson准则还是最小错误概率准则,理论分析表明本文检测器在性能 上可以取得很大改善.利用对水印加权的分组技术,盲水印检测器在性能上逼近非盲水印检测 器.各种失真下的实验结果表明这种盲水印检测技术是有效的.     

Comparison of spectral and spatial windows for local anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery

A new way of implementing two local anomaly detectors in a hyperspectral image is presented in this study. Generally, most local anomaly detector implementations are carried out on the spatial windows of images, because the local area of the image scene is more suitable for a single statistical model than for global data. These detectors are applied by using linear projections. However, these detectors are quite improper if the hyperspectral dataset is adopted as the nonlinear manifolds in spectral space. As multivariate data, the hyperspectral image datasets can be considered to be low-dimensional manifolds embedded in the high-dimensional spectral space. In real environments, the nonlinear spectral mixture occurs more frequently, and these manifolds could be nonlinear. In this case, traditional local anomaly detectors are based on linear projections and cannot distinguish weak anomalies from background data. In this article, local linear manifold learning concepts have been adopted, and anomaly detection algorithms have used spectral space windows with respect to the linear projection. Output performance is determined by comparison between the proposed detectors and the classic spatial local detectors accompanied by the hyperspectral remote-sensing images. The result demonstrates that the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is promising to improve detection of weak anomalies and to decrease false alarms.     

A high performance edge detector based on fuzzy inference rules

Edge detection is an important topic in computer vision and image processing. In this paper, a novel edge detector based on fuzzy If-Then inference rules and edge continuity is proposed. The fuzzy If-Then rule system is designed to model edge continuity criteria. The maximum entropy principle is used in the parameter adjusting process. We also discuss the related issues in designing fuzzy edge detectors. We compare it with the popular edge detectors: Sobel and Canny edge detectors. The proposed fuzzy edge detector does not need parameter setting as Canny edge detector does, and it can preserve an appropriate detection in details. It is very robust to noise and can work well under high level noise situations, while other edge detectors cannot. The detector efficiently extracts edges in images corrupted by noise without requiring the filtering process. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method to existing ones.     

Multi-view fast object detection by using extended haar filters in uncontrolled environments

In this paper, we propose multi-view object detection methodology by using specific extended class of haar-like filters, which apparently detects the object with high accuracy in the unconstraint environments. There are several object detection techniques, which work well in restricted environments, where illumination is constant and the view angle of the object is restricted. The proposed object detection methodology successfully detects faces, cars, logo objects at any size and pose with high accuracy in real world conditions. To cope with angle variation, we propose a multiple trained cascades by using the proposed filters, which performs even better detection by spanning a different range of orientation in each cascade. We tested the proposed approach by still images by using image databases and conducted some evaluations by using video images from an IP camera placed in outdoor. We tested the method for detecting face, logo, and vehicle in different environments. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields higher classification performance than Viola and Jones’s detector, which uses a single feature for each weak classifier. Given the less number of features, our detector detects any face, object, or vehicle in 15 fps when using 4 megapixel images with 95% accuracy on an Intel i7 2.8 GHz machine.