数值模拟技术在GW断块注聚参数优选中的应用

通过对GW断块油藏地质特征、开发效果进行分析,研究剩余油分布规律;在水驱数值模拟研究基础上,开展水淹特征、剩余油分布特征研究,对油藏动用情况、平面和纵向剩余油分布情况进行了定量描述。结合室内试验数据对影响聚合物驱开发效果的参数进行了优化研究,应用聚合物驱数值模拟技术对注聚合物的层位、段塞长度及浓度、注入方式、注入速度等进行了设计和数值模拟运算,并结合开发指标预测,优选出经济效益最佳的参数组合方案,进一步改善断块开发效果,提高采收率,研究结果表明,聚合物驱增油降水效果显著,10末预计可提高采收率8.0个百分点,含水最低可降低5.1个百分点。研究结果为现场实施方案的编制提供了理论依据。     

塔里木山前构造地层压力特征分析

塔里木山前构造储层埋藏深,岩性既有碎屑岩,又有碳酸盐岩,多属低幅度构造,地层压力通常为异常高压地层,钻井中多次发生井涌及井喷,且存在着多个不同的压力系统,这给地层压力预测检测较大的困难,影响了钻井工程设计及施工。本文根据实测地层压力资料,研究了库车拗陷现今异常高压在纵向和平面上的分布特征。并提出库车拗陷异常高压主要是由构造挤压作用和充气作用引起的。该研究对恢复该区的现今流体动力场及探索超压与油气成藏的关系有参考价值。     

辽河西部凹陷西斜坡地区岩性地层油气藏分布特征

西部凹陷西斜坡地区岩性油气藏发育广泛,但分布复杂。通过对西部凹陷西斜破缓坡带、坡洼过渡带和深陷带的构造和沉积条件的研究,从岩性地层油气藏的成因分析入手,总结了辽河西部凹陷西斜坡地区各种类型岩性地层油气藏在纵向和平面上的分布特点和规律。     

朝阳沟油田朝522区块加密调整井开发效果主要影响因素

针对朝阳沟油田属于裂缝性低渗透油藏,应用CMG软件开展了数值模拟研究。在精细历史拟合的基础上,主要分析了剩余油分布规律及其影响因素。研究了油层的沉积特征及裂缝的发育状况对剩余油分布的影响．给出了加密前后剩余油饱和度在平面和纵向上的分布状况。通过分析对比,对加密井开发效果进行研究,闻述了影响加密效果的地质因素和开发因素。     

单砂体识别和追踪技术在哈国NB油田滚动开发中的应用研究

哈萨克斯坦NB油田是一个浅层的大型高孔高渗普通稠油油藏。油田外围勘探和开发程度低,地层压力保持的好,钻井资料显示主力含油层是白垩系上部的一套相对较厚的单砂体储层,具有一定的开发潜力。但白垩系储层受沉积相控制,纵向砂体厚度薄,横向相变快,对该主力单砂体储层平面分布规律的研究难度大。利用地震属性识别和追踪单砂体的技术,准确预测了其在平面上的分布规律,并通过评价井部署和开发井实践得以验证,获得了多口高产油井,每年在外围的新井产油贡献超过7万吨。     

乌里雅斯太TH区块油气富集规律研究

文章从区域地质、地层层序、构造特征及沉积特征等方面论述了TH区块的基本地质特征,然后较详细地分析了油藏纵向及平面分布的特点,最后对油气富集规律及控制因素进行了总结。     

影响旋流微泡浮选柱工作因素的探讨

分析了旋流微泡浮选柱的工作原理以及影响浮选柱工作的各个因素;正交试验考察了入料浓度、循环压力和柱体高度三因素对浮选精煤灰分、产率及浮选完善指标影响的显著性;试验结果表明,影响程度大小的排序为循环压力最大,入料浓度居中,柱体高度最小。     

应用动态监测资料指导华庆油田有效开发

华庆油田是典型的致密油藏,开发初期表现出剖面动用程度低且吸水不均、局部油井见水关系复杂、地层压力下降、单井产能低等现象,调整难度越来越大。生产过程中利用动态监测资料,研究油井含水变化与注水的关系、平面及纵向上的油水分布规律、储层裂缝与水线推进关系研究、油层污染程度以及油层改造效果评价等。应用这些研究成果指导开展油藏精细分析,有针对性地进行注采调整,提高油藏开发水平。     

陇东侏罗系油藏提高采收率技术研究

陇东侏罗系油藏处于"双高"开发阶段,套破井多,注采井网不完善,水驱状况差;剩余油分布零散,稳产难度大。本次研究采取多种手段研究剩余油分布规律:1多油层叠合区纵向上原主力层动用程度高,未动用的非主力层剩余油富集;2注水开发的层状、块状油藏剩余油平面上主要分布在边部低渗区、注水滞留区;纵向上主要分布油藏内部未水驱的微构造高部位;3边底水油藏剩余油分布受底水影响大,纵向上分布在油层顶部及构造高部位,平面上分布在隔层发育区、套破井连片区及边部未动用区;4分部范围小、厚度薄、数量多的小油砂体,由于注采井不完善,油层动用差剩余油富集。确定油田稳产确定潜力区,并开展不同时期不同油藏优化稳产技术研究,解决制约老油田稳产的矛盾与问题,提高对油藏的控制能力与储量动用程度,改善油田开发效果。     

采出液聚合物浓度的化验方法

采出液聚合物浓度是聚驱过程中一项重要指标,为聚合物突破时间及采出程度的判断提供数据支撑。目前检测聚合物浓度的方法有淀粉-碘化镉法和浊度法两种,研究发现,聚合物分子量、聚合物受到不同程度的剪切、水样的颜色及采聚浓度的计算方法对采出液聚合物浓度测定结果均有影响,为此,通过室内研究和分析,明确了各种因素对采聚浓度的影响规律和原因,建立了稀释-淀粉-碘化镉法和剪切-浊度法,消除了以上各因素的影响,提高了采出液聚合物浓度的检测精度。     

DSC measurements and modelling of the kinetics of methane hydrate formation in water-in-oil emulsion

The kinetics of formation of clathrate hydrates of methane was investigated in a water-in-oil emulsion using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry in the range 10-40 MPa, at various temperatures. At high driving force, the heat peak related to the formation of hydrates has a regular and symmetric shape, and its height and width depend on the gas pressure and sub cooling degree. At near equilibrium conditions, hydrate formation is delayed by more than 1 h, but is still clearly observable. A model based on crystal growth theory, coupled with a normal distribution of induction times to take into account the germination in a population of micro-sized droplets, is proposed to represent the hydrate formation rate versus time in the particular case of water-in-oil emulsions. It uses four parameters which appear strongly correlated to the experimental conditions: the growth rate constant, the over saturation of gas in the water phase, the average and standard deviation of the induction time distribution.     

Pressure window analysis for thin laminated composites in autoclave process

The curing temperature, pressure, and curing time have significant influence on finished thermosetting composite products. The external pressure and the time of pressure application are two major factors affecting the laminate thickness, fiber volume fraction, and void content. Based on the resin flow/fiber compaction model and corresponding program developed by our group, the genetic algorithm is accepted to design the pressure window for the consolidation of thin laminate. The objective of the optimization is to find the time of pressure application that achieves the desired average fiber volume fraction under given pressure. The pressure windows are analyzed for S‐2 glass fiber/5228 and T700S/5228 laminates with unidirectional and bidirectional lay‐up. It is found that no special viscosity region can be defined as pressure window for many factors affecting the consolidation process. The fiber and lay‐up type largely affect the time of pressure application. For laminates with the same fiber and lay‐up type, the fiber distribution is not much influenced by pressure cycle. The uneven degree of fiber distribution is larger for the fiber bed having higher deformation properties. With the genetic algorithm optimization system, the time of pressure application can be gotten quickly. It is helpful for the improvement of composite parts quality, reduction of the fabrication cost. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Experimental Study on the Influence of Hydrogel on CO2 Hydrate Formation

The influence of two differently cross‐linked polyacrylate particles on CO₂ hydrate formation was investigated. A series of up‐scaling experiments from small (high‐pressure differential scanning calorimetry, HP‐DSC) over medium (glass reactor) to large scale (HP‐reactor) was carried out. It was found out that there is a low influence on the induction time, which is an essential key parameter of the hydrate formation. The results show the same trends: with a low degree of cross‐linker used in low concentration CO₂ hydrate formation could be enhanced.     

煤矿重大危险有害因素的定量评价研究

煤矿重大危险、有害因素对矿井安全生产威胁较大,在诸多重大危险、有害因素中各因素对形成事故的影响程度不同。为了确定各因素的影响程度,使得矿井有针对性的对各重大危险有害因素采取措施提供依据,建立煤矿重大危险、有害因素评价体系,利用层次分析法研究评价体系中各评价指标的权重值大小。根据评价结果,矿井采取针对性措施,保障安全生产。     

Polymerization of benzene in a capacitively coupled RF plasma

The influence of various parameters on the polymerization reaction of benzene in a capacitively coupled rf plasma has been investigated, with particular emphasis on coatings structure and quality. Molecular weight distribution studies by gel permeation chromatography indicate that the degree of polymerization is mainly influenced by pressure and power. A two-stage mechanism of polymer formation is proposed on the basis of experimental data: oligomers or polymers are first formed in the gas phase and then diffuse to the electrodes and reactor walls, where they may undergo an emulsiontype polymerization. Sputtering and pyrolysis effects are suggested to explain the additional observations on the lowest-and highest-pressure films.     

Chemical, microstructural and strength development of calcium and magnesium carbonate binders

The influence of magnesium on the chemistry of calcium carbonate formation has been studied. It was found that the type of carbonate formed by subjecting compacts of Ca(OH)₂ and Mg(OH)₂ to carbon dioxide (up to 20 atm CO₂ pressure) for variable periods of time is largely controlled by the molar proportion of calcium to magnesium in the initial mixture. Increasing magnesium content in the initial mixture favours the formation of nesquehonite and other carbonates containing both calcium and magnesium. The compressive strength of the carbonate is improved with the presence of nesquehonite and/or other magnesium-containing phases. Curing time and CO₂ exposure influence the strength differently, depending on the initial Ca/Mg ratio of the initial mixture. The formation of magnesium-containing carbonate phases is particularly favoured at higher CO₂ pressures combined with prolonged exposure times.     

工艺参数对沉降斑影响的实验研究

采用实验方法考察工艺参数对沉降斑的影响。基于一个带凸台的平板模具,采用L27(313)正交矩阵进行实验,研究了几何尺寸、熔体温度、注射时间、保压压力及保压时间对厚度突变处沉降斑形成的影响,同时还考虑了熔体温度和注射时间以及保压压力和注射时间之间的交互作用影响;通过性噪比分析和F检验优化成型工艺条件并对工艺参数的影响进行显著性分析。结果表明,对于厚度突变的平板制品,厚度突变的程度对其沉降斑形成的影响最大,其次为熔体温度,保压压力,保压时间等;采取减小厚度变化,降低熔体温度或增加保压压力和保压时间等措施,可以减小厚度突变处沉降斑,从而减少其对外观质量的影响;因素之间的交互作用对制品沉降斑的形成有一定的影响,熔体温度B和注射时间C之间的交互作用影响较为明显,而保压压力D和注射时间C之间的交互作用对该质量指标的影响最小,可以并入误差。     

Influence of Thermodynamic,Material, and Bulk Properties on Electrical Resistivity of Particle Layers

Although the influence of gas humidity and particle size distribution on dust resistivity is well known, the impact of thermic and electric balancing periods on the measurement of dust resistivity is less familiar. The dust resistivity of quartz glass (SiO₂) and Al₂O₃ particle layers was measured and exhibits a non‐ohmic behavior as well as time dependence seen in a similar manner during electret formation. However, constant values of dust resistivity for the test dust were first measured after a rather long balancing period which cannot be explained in whole by adsorption and desorption kinetics of H₂O into the particle layers. Rather, it could be presumed that the thermic and electric balancing periods overlap, whereas the electric balancing periods take a much longer time.     

Effect of physical refining on selected minor components in vegetable oils

The final quality of vegetable oils is largely determined by the deodorization process. From an organoleptic point of view, oils should be light in color with a bland taste and a good cold and/or oxidative stability. Today, however, more and more attention is paid to the real nutritional quality. Oils should contain low trans fatty acid levels, low polymeric triglycerides, and secondary oxidation products and at the same time being rich in natural antioxidants. In order to comply to these new quality requirements, the deodorization technology has been modified substantially. Mathematical models were established describing the influence of different process parameters (time, temperature, steam, and pressure) on trans fatty acid formation, tocopherol stripping, and production of oxidized and polymeric triacylglycerides during physical refining of soybean oil. Trans fatty acid (TFA) formation was influenced only by time and temperature. No significant influence of pressure or sparging steam could be observed. Models expressing the relative degree of cis/trans-isomerization of linoleic (DI_18:2) and α-linolenic acid (DI_18:3) could be extrapolated to other oils and deodorizer designs. Tocopherol removal was mainly influenced by process temperature and sparging steam. Additionally, tocopherol retention seemed to be dependent on the deodorizer design (steam injection geometry and sparging steam distribution). During physical refining, oxidized and polymerized triacylglycerols were not significantly influenced by any of the investigated process parameters. Industrially, process conditions are adapted to minimize trans fatty acid formation and maximize tocopherol retention. These goals can be achieved in a so-called DUAL TEMP^copy; deodorizer.     

多级脉冲高能气体压裂造缝机理研究

提出了多级脉冲高能气体压裂与单级脉冲高能气体压裂之间的差异,并在一定程度了完善了单级气体压裂的不足,关键在于其压裂机理的独特性,即根据不同燃速燃料爆燃产生的高能气体的交互作用将地层压开,产生多条长裂缝.从多方面考虑影响高能气体在裂缝中的扩展因素,着重描述了气体通过裂缝时的速度与成缝是否成功之间的关系,进而为裂缝中高能气体中压力的分布奠定了基础,得出:随时间增加,裂缝内气体压力逐渐趋于一个稳定状态,达到裂缝扩展末期.另外,依据前人的结论给出了裂缝的扩展速度方程,以及在不同条件下所对应的泊松比所得出的裂缝扩展速度方程.