徐州市城区表层土壤的理化性质研究

采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对徐州市城区表层土壤(0～10 cm)的理化性质进行研究。结果表明,城区土壤有酸化的趋势;土壤有机质及全量氮磷钾含量均低于该地区自然褐土;受人为作用方式与强度不同的影响,土壤有效氮磷钾含量表现出较大的差异性。     

腐植酸物质对盐碱化中低产田土壤理化性质及玉米影响的研究

通过田间试验探讨了复合改良制剂、草炭、风化煤等腐植酸类物质施用对盐碱化中低产田土壤理化性质及生长作物的影响，结果表明：复合改良制剂、草炭、风化煤施用对土壤理化性质均有积极的影响，与对照相比达到显著水平。玉米产量的方差分析表明，复合改良制剂处理与草炭、风化煤等处理差异显著，与对照差异极显著，增产率均达到30．67％以上。     

活化腐植酸对小油菜产量及土壤理化性质的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了棕壤、潮土、褐土等3种土壤施用活化腐植酸对小油菜生长、产量的影响及其理化性质的变化。结果表明:施用腐植酸能够增加小油菜的产量,以活化腐植酸处理较佳。对于棕壤、潮土、褐土3种土壤,施用适量活化腐植酸较未活化腐植酸分别增产3.30%~25.98%、7.83%~21.54%、0.17%~41.60%。此外,相比未活化腐植酸,施用适量活化腐植酸能增加小油菜叶面积;能活化土壤磷素、钾素,提高土壤保肥供肥能力;能提高3种土壤水稳性团聚体。因此,施用活化腐植酸既可促进小油菜生长,增加产量,还可改良土壤理化性状。     

腐植酸液肥对大棚秋番茄产量品质及土壤理化性质影响的研究

产量方差分析结果：腐植酸液肥和化肥相对于对照差异显著，腐植酸液肥与化肥差异不显著。腐植酸液肥改善果实品质，提高果实中VC，果胶物质及可溶固形物合量。腐植酸植酸液肥通过提高土壤孔隙度和有机质、速效性养分的含量，降低土壤密度及盐度来进一步完善土壤理化性质。     

土壤高浓度二氧化碳对植物生理生化特性的影响

为解决煤化工产生大量CO_2而引起气候变化,CO_2捕集与封存作为新兴减排技术快速发展,但存在泄漏风险,为研究其对地表植物的影响,对比分析了土壤高浓度CO_2对豌豆和萝卜的表观长势、叶绿素、保护酶、丙二醛和脯氨酸等生理生化特征的影响。结果表明,土壤高浓度CO_2(8%)对萝卜的光合作用呈现显著抑制作用,对豌豆的光合作用略有增强;两种植物的保护酶系统对该环境中均体现出一定的清除活性氧和防御能力,该环境未对豌豆和萝卜造成逆境胁迫。两种植物均表现出较好的调节适应能力,且豌豆的适应能力更好。为揭示CO_2地质封存(CCS)泄露的生态影响机理和评价CCS环境影响提供了一定的理论依据和技术参数。     

旅游业发展对武夷山国家级自然风景名胜区土壤环境影响的研究 对土壤物理性状及理化性质的影响

本文以武夷山风景区为研究对象,采用抽样调查的方法,对武夷山风景区5个核心景点的土壤物理性状及理化性质进行了监测分析,研究旅游活动对武夷山风景区土壤环境质量的影响,运用土壤质量综合指数评价法作出定性分析和定量评价。评价结果表明,旅游活动已对武夷山风景区的土壤环境质量造成了一定的负面影响,其中以天游峰土壤环境的影响最大。提出减少旅游活动对景区土壤的负面影响,维护武夷山风景区的生态环境,实现武夷山风景区旅游业可持续发展的措施。     

旅游业发展对武夷山国家级自然风景名胜区土壤环境影响的研究——对土壤物理性状及理化性质的影响

本文以武夷山风景区为研究对象,采用抽样调查的方法,对武夷山风景区5个核心景点的土壤物理性状及理化性质进行了监测分析,研究旅游活动对武夷山风景区土壤环境质量的影响,运用土壤质量综合指数评价法作出定性分析和定量评价。评价结果表明,旅游活动已对武夷山风景区的土壤环境质量造成了一定的负面影响,其中以天游峰土壤环境的影响最大。提出减少旅游活动对景区土壤的负面影响,维护武夷山风景区的生态环境,实现武夷山风景区旅游业可持续发展的措施。     

土壤高浓度二氧化碳对植物生理生化特性的影响

为解决煤化工产生大量CO_2而引起气候变化,CO_2捕集与封存作为新兴减排技术快速发展,但存在泄漏风险,为研究其对地表植物的影响,对比分析了土壤高浓度CO_2对豌豆和萝卜的表观长势、叶绿素、保护酶、丙二醛和脯氨酸等生理生化特征的影响。结果表明,土壤高浓度CO_2(8%)对萝卜的光合作用呈现显著抑制作用,对豌豆的光合作用略有增强;两种植物的保护酶系统对该环境中均体现出一定的清除活性氧和防御能力,该环境未对豌豆和萝卜造成逆境胁迫。两种植物均表现出较好的调节适应能力,且豌豆的适应能力更好。为揭示CO_2地质封存(CCS)泄露的生态影响机理和评价CCS环境影响提供了一定的理论依据和技术参数。     

风化煤腐植酸对土壤理化性状的影响

以潮土和棕壤土为研究对象,通过添加不同量未活化和活化的风化煤腐植酸,对比研究了2种腐植酸对土壤肥力和理化性状的影响。试验结果表明：单施未活化的风化煤腐植酸和活化的风化煤腐植酸对土壤中全氮含量无明显效果,但可以活化和释放土壤中难溶性磷、矿物态钾、缓效性钾,使其转化成速效磷和速效钾;施用3个月后,2种土壤中速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量、水稳性团聚体均有不同程度的增加。其中,碱活化的风化煤腐植酸对土壤理化性状具有良好的影响,可使2种土壤中的速效磷含量、速效钾含量、阳离子交换量、水稳性团聚体数量分别增加24.80-130.87 mg/kg、43.01-113.19 mg/kg、8.87-9.49 cmol/kg、8.01%-18.84%。     

人工模拟地质封存CO_2泄漏对土壤酶活性的影响

基于人工控制CO_2泄漏平台,以鄂尔多斯二氧化碳地质储存地的土壤和典型植被玉米、豌豆和黑麦草为研究对象,考察了高浓度CO_2入侵包气带对土壤部分氧化还原酶和水解酶活性的响应规律,旨在为CO_2地质储存的风险评价提供依据。结果表明,当土壤CO_2浓度在900~719 800 mg/m~3范围内时,CO_2浓度增加,对玉米和豌豆试验区土壤过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、脲酶以及蛋白酶活性有不同程度的促进作用,但对玉米土壤蔗糖酶活性却表现出抑制作用;黑麦草试验区各类酶活性随土壤CO_2浓度增加表现出提高、降低和先提高后降低三种变化趋势;进一步提升CO_2浓度达到作物致死阈值1 655 540 mg/m~3时,豌豆试验区土壤各类水解酶活性均达到最低,而黑麦草试验区土壤氧化还原酶活性和水解酶活性均高于其他试验区;三种作物相比,豌豆对CO_2胁迫的耐受性最弱,玉米次之,黑麦草最强,致死CO_2浓度下存活时间较久。即土壤酶活性不仅受制于高浓度CO_2的胁迫,而且与地表植被的类型等因素相关。     

育苗基质物理及化学性质的综述

从基质的粒径大小、容重、密度、孔隙度、保水性等方面总结阐述了基质物理性质方面的研究指标及研究进展;从有效成分,酸碱度、电导率、离子吸附与交换能力、盐基交换量、缓冲能力等方面阐述了基质的化学性质方面的研究指标及研究进展。且指出,利用农业废料开发新型基质,填补国内空缺,是未来我国基质开发研究的一个很重要的方向。     

木塑复合材料理化性能研究

采用模压成型工艺制备聚丙烯基木塑复合材料。测试了复合材料的24h吸水率和吸水厚度膨胀率,用体视显微镜对复合材料的微观结构断面进行了观察。结果表明,木质纤维含量30％,粒径100目,复合材料理化性能较好。     

Effect of Humic Acid on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties,Microbial Community Structure,and Metabolites of Decline Diseased Bayberry

In recent years, bayberry decline disease has caused significant damage to the bayberry industry. In order to evaluate whether humic acid can be used to effectively control the disease, this research examined the nutritional growth and fruit quality of bayberry, soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial community structure, and metabolites. Results indicated that the application of humic acid not only improved the vigor and fruit quality of diseased trees, but also increased the diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil. A great increase was observed in the relative abundance of bacterial genus Mycobacterium and Crossiella; fungal genus Fusarium and Coniosporium. In contrast, a significant decrease was observed in the relative abundance of bacterial genus Acidothermus, Bryobacter, Acidibacter, fungal genus of Geminibasidium and Mycena. Analysis of redundancies (RDA) for microbial communities and soil characteristics showed that the main four variables, including available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, had a great effect on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in bayberry rhizosphere soil at the genus level. The main four variables had a greater effect on bacterial communities than on fungal communities. In addition, ABC transporter, arginine and proline metabolism, galactose metabolism, and glutathione metabolism were significantly affected by humic acid, which changed the content of 81 metabolites including 58 significantly down-regulated metabolites such as isohexonic acid and carinitine, and 23 significantly up-regulated metabolites such as acidic acid, guaninosuccinate, lyxose, 2-monoolein, epicatechin, and pentonolactone. These metabolites also significantly correlated with rhizosphere soil microbiota at the phylum, order, and genus levels. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the role of humic acid on plant growth and fruit quality, as well as rhizosphere soil characteristics, microbiota, and secondary metabolites, which provides novel insights into the control of bayberry decline disease.     

Effect of CO2 Exposure on the Chemical Stability and Mechanical Properties of BaZrO3‐Ceramics

The reactivity of BaZrO₃ with CO₂ has been addressed as one of the major challenges with BaZrO₃‐based electrolytes in protonic ceramic fuel cells. Here, we present a study of the effect of CO₂ exposure on BaZrO₃‐materials at elevated temperatures. Dense BaZr_1?xY_xO_3?x/2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) and BaCe_0.2Zr_0.7Y_0.1O_2.95 ceramics were prepared by sintering of powder prepared by spray pyrolysis. The Vickers indentation method was used to determine the hardness and estimate the fracture toughness of pristine materials as well as the corresponding materials exposed to CO₂. Formation of BaCO₃ on the surface of exposed ceramics was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and electron microcopy. The reaction resulted in formation of Ba‐deficient perovskite at the exposed surface. The reaction with CO₂ was most pronounced at 650°C compared to the other temperatures applied in the study. The reactivity was also shown to depend on the Y‐content and the grain size and was most pronounced for BaZr_0.9Y_0.1O_2.95. The reaction with CO₂ was observed to have a profound effect on the fracture toughness of the ceramics, demonstrating a depression of the mechanical stability of the materials. The results are discussed with respect to the chemical and mechanical stability of BaZrO₃ materials, with particular emphasis on the composition and grain size.     

白炭黑的理化性质对橡胶制品性能及加工工艺影响的研究

研究了白炭黑的理化性质-表面组织、pH值、比表面积、吸附等对橡胶制品性能及加工工艺的影响.     

Effect of Fiber Origin,Proportion, and Chemical Composition on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

This study assessed the potential of wood residues as fiber sources for wood-plastic composites (WPC) and examined the impact for intrinsic fiber properties on strength development. Sawmill sawdust, underused wood species, bark, composite panel, and pulp and paper sludge residues were sampled. Fibers were characterized for cellulose content, ash content, and fiber aspect ratio. WPC samples were formed by twin-screw extrusion compounding, followed by injection molding at three fiber proportions. WPC mechanical properties, water uptake, and water swelling increased with increasing fiber proportion, whereas tenacity decreased. WPC made with residues had lower mechanical and physical properties than those made with clean wood, with some exceptions. Kraft sludge produced one of the best WPC formulations in terms of thickness swell, water swelling, tensile strength, and impact energy. Deinking sludge produced the toughest and the most dimensionally stable WPC. Panel industry residues formed roughly similar WPC to those made with clean wood. Bark led to poorest WPC in terms of mechanical properties. High correlation coefficients were found between cellulose content, wood content, and all WPC properties except impact energy. However, the correlations between aspect ratio and the WPC were insignificant.     

Physical,Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa Fiber/Polymer Composite

Tensile, compressive, flexural and wear resistance properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa fiber-reinforced phenolic (Resorcinol Formaldehyde) resin matrix-based composites were evaluated to assess the possibility of using these fibers as a new eco-friendly material in engineering applications. Polymer composite samples were fabricated by a compression-molding technique developed in our laboratory. The effect of fiber dimension on mechanical properties was evaluated. The interfacial bonding between Hibiscus sabdariffa fiber and the polymer matrix has been found to affect the mechanical properties of the resorcinol formaldehyde resin matrix. It has been observed that particle-reinforced polymer composites exhibit better mechanical properties as compared to short and long fiber-reinforced polymeric composites. These composites were further subjected to an evaluation of morphological, thermal, physical (swelling and moisture absorption) and chemical properties.     

Effectiveness of Amine Concentration and Circulation Rate in the CO2 Removal Process

Optimization of an amine-based method is vital to ensure product quality, equipment safety, and system efficiency. Here, the effectiveness of amine concentration and circulation rate is evaluated for a diglycolamine (DGA)-based facility. The performance is measured using the concentration of carbon dioxide in the treated gas and the net acid gas loading of the amine solution. Both amine concentration and circulation rate were observed to affect the system efficiency. An optimal operating range was identified for the gas plant studied established on the performance criteria. The analysis is based on a proprietary mass transfer-based process simulator of an amine-based acid gas treating facility and field data.     

氧化芋头淀粉理化性质研究

以芋头淀粉为原料、过氧化氢为氧化剂,在碱性介质中制备了低氧化度芋头淀粉。经扫描电镜分析,氧化芋头淀粉颗粒呈多角状,平均颗粒直径18.09μm。X-射线衍射确定其晶体形貌为A型结构。流变学分析其糊化温度为79.5℃、特性粘度为2.505 Pa.s,粘弹性曲线显示其粘性大于弹性。其塑性测定结果符合Croass模型,稠度指数为85.56 s。     

以捕集CO_2、风电制氢和CO_2加氢反应构建绿色煤化工之探讨

分析了煤化工和风电产业发展面临的问题,指出应转换角度来看待产业发展中的瓶颈制约,提出了把捕集CO2、风电制氢和CO2加氢反应研究相结合的绿色煤化工的发展思路,供业界参考、探讨。