蒸汽管道的设计与安装

从蒸汽管道设计、安装过程出发，重点分析了蒸汽管道设计、安装中的基本技术问题，并阐述了如何避免管道运行中的水击现象。     

电站锅炉主蒸汽管道安全性检验与评估

由于该锅炉主蒸汽管道的运行时间超过了设计寿命，又是山东电网的高调调频机组，为保证该管道继续运行的安全性，对该主蒸汽管道进行了监督检验与状态诊断分析，并采取了相应的技术措施；在此基础上对主蒸汽管道的安全性进行了评估。     

我国压力管道的运行维护与检验技术研究

按有关规定，我国压力管道分为工业管道、公用管道和长输管道。主要介绍了本专题调研组所了解到的我国压力管道相关运行维护管理与检验现状，重点介绍了新颁布的《在用工业管道定期检验规程》，并提出应加强压力管道检验技术及其应用的研究，特别是埋地管道的检验技术研究。同时，在进行埋地管道检验时，应加强对检验结果的安全性评定。最后，还提出了我国压力管道宜采用的运行维护管理模式与检验措施等。     

大型空冷供热机组热网抽汽管道设计特点

本文以内蒙古东胜热电厂为依托，其重点分析了大型空冷供热机组热网抽汽供热管道的布置特点，探讨了低参数、大管径管道通过自然补偿和使用补偿器的技术经济特性。对了解和设计大型空冷供热机组的热网抽汽管道有一定的参考价值。     

液压管道布置策略的研究及其软件实现

ＣＡＤ技术在液压行业中的应用已经广泛涉及液压元件及系统设计计算、动静态性能仿真、原理图绘制等领域，但在系统管道布置方面尚属空白。该文对液压系统管道布置的一般性问题作了较详尽的探讨。结合液压系统的具体约束条件，给出了液压管道布置的规则因素环；并对基于规则的液压管道布置的几何实现方法作了较深入的分析。图４参８     

余热锅炉停运后管道振动原因分析

管道的强烈振动会造成设备损坏，影响发电机组的安全运行，严重时甚至会对作业人员的人身安全构成威胁。在发电机组运行时要密切监视管道的振动情况，如果出现振动异常变大的现象，要查明原因采取措施，控制振动幅度在合格范围内。同样地，锅炉停炉后的管道发生异常振动，也会对设备造成严重影响。针对余热锅炉停炉后的锅炉管道发生剧烈振动的现象，进行了分析研究，找出了造成管道剧烈振动的原因，并采取了相应的技术措施，解决了管道异常振动的问题。     

原油批次调合技术及应用

介绍了中国石油大连石化公司自主开发的原油批次调合技术，并与泵出口管道调合、泵入口管道调合和罐内循环调合技术进行了对比。分析了原油批次调合技术的传质基理以及影响因素，得出沉降时间为24h时调合效果最佳。密度相差越大的原油调合效果越好。应用实例表明，该调合技术调合而成的原油符合装置进料的稳定要求。截至目前调合成功率达100％，并且可降低原油采购费用。     

管道泄漏检测技术方法探讨

管道泄漏检测仪器和技术方法的研究、开发、应用，在石油、化工、电力以及锅炉压力容器行业和部门非常重要。在探讨国内外新设备、新技术、新方法的同时，对管道泄漏检测技术、应用前景进行分析和展望。     

供热管道无补偿直埋技术的合理性

通过多次对供热管道无补偿直埋敷设的设计研究、观察分析，论述了它的技术合理、安全可靠及简单经济性。     

地下供水管道的测漏技术与应用

文章介绍了地下供水管道的检漏、探测设备与技术流程，并举例分析了管网渗漏的原因，总结了检漏工作的经验与体会。     

洛阳石化延迟焦化装置节能分析

洛阳石化140×104t/a延迟焦化装置采用"一炉两塔"和"可灵活调节循环比"的工艺流程,2008年和2009年装置综合能耗分别为35.42kg标油/t和33.36kg标油/t,与设计值、中国石化平均水平(24.27kg标油/t)相比差距较大。综合分析,能耗较高的原因包括蜡油汽包产0.4MPa蒸汽未计入能耗、1.0MPa蒸汽放空、低温热回收系统未投用、蜡油热输出量小、装置加工负荷率低以及加热炉效率低等。为此,对装置采取用0.4MPa蒸汽替代1.0MPa蒸汽;回收分馏塔顶油气、接触冷却塔顶油气和冷焦水低温热量;增加稳定汽油热出料流程;增设节电变频设施,减少电耗;降低加热炉排烟温度和炉外壁温度;加热炉进料泵叶轮抽级或更换为小叶轮,降压节能;增上加热炉先进控制(APC)手段,保证加热炉最佳燃烧;加热炉出口管线保温及管托更新换型,增加空气预热器等措施,有效降低装置能耗。     

炼油企业全局能量优化中的储运系统节能

中国炼油企业新一轮节能是以热出料为契机,从各个装置节能走向系统全局的能量优化。热出料、原油管输化、成品油在线调合等技术的发展,大大减少了中间物流、原油和成品油的储运需求。在此新的背景下,将储运子系统优化与全局能量优化结合起来,在以科学用能和炯经济学为基础的三环节理论的指导下,提出了储量最小化、储存工艺参数最优化和选择适宜的加热方式的储运节能三原则。在此基础上,用低温热替代维温蒸汽,可使能耗进一步降低。为储运系统深入节能提供了理论基础和技术途径。     

Energy consumption of a residential building: comparison of conventional and RES-based systems

The energy needs of a typical one-family house in the Thessaloniki area for heating, cooling and domestic hot water production are calculated. The calculations are based on the typical average daily consumption of hot water and on the degree-day method for heating and cooling. The results are finally translated into thermal energy consumption, assuming the typical Greek situation (heating with diesel oil boilers and conventional radiators, cooling with local air-to-air split-type heat pumps and hot water production with electric heaters). The same energy needs are assumed to be covered by a vertical closed loop ground heat exchanger combined with a water-to-water heat pump system with fan-coils for heating and cooling and a thermosyphonic solar system for domestic hot water production. The ground heat exchanger/heat pump system efficiency is determined using data from an existing and continuously monitored similar system installed in the broader area of Thessaloniki. The solar system load coverage is calculated using the f-chart method. The energy consumption of the renewable energy systems is calculated and compared to that of the conventional system. The results prove that significant energy savings can be achieved.     

大流量低温差供热水系统节电运行方式分析

介绍了两种集中供热水系统流量旁通方式:设旁通管和混合水泵方式,并分析了两种方式与循环水泵功耗的关系.指出在不影响系统总流量的情况下,降低锅炉水流量比率,可以有效地降低水泵电耗.     

Experimental study of the burning-cave hot water soil heating system in solar greenhouse

In the northern China areas, the traditional heating methods are widely used in solar greenhouse, for example: electric heating, hot air heating, hot water heating, burning-cave heating etc. If copying the assuring building indoor environment of constant heating ways into solar greenhouse, it will further increase building energy consumption, thus improving the efficiency of energy utilization, establishing appropriate growing environment, and realizing the agricultural waste recycling are important ways of consistent with the Chinese conditions, construction of sustainable development, improving the efficiency of the greenhouse production. To solve the problem of traditional heating method for high heating energy consumption, the inharmonious between greenhouse air temperature and soil temperature, uneven soil temperature, the research build the burning cave hot water soil heating system of solar greenhouse experimental platform in accordance with principle of energy cascade utilization. This experiment platform will transfer burning cave internal heat into soil heating system. The soil is evenly heated by system. Through testing the actual operation effect of the burning cave hot water soil heating system of new solar greenhouse, electric heating system, no taking any heating measures system, burning cave hot water soil heating system of solar greenhouse can improve the soil average temperature 5 ∼ 6 °C. This research provides experimental basis for practical applications and promotion.     

油气集输系统的节能潜力分析

在大庆油田某脱水站集输系统能耗评价与能损分布规律前期研究的基础上,对该系统进行节能潜力预测分析。从评价加热炉、机泵、管道等系统基本耗能单元的用能状况入手,分析影响各单元能损大小的主要因素,提出提高用能水平的节能技改措施,并预测其节能潜力,然后通过加和得到各子系统乃至集输总系统的节能潜力,从而可为下一步节能改造方案的技术经济分析提供依据。     

集中供热热网系统节能措施

针对集中供热管网热损失中,热、电消耗所占的比例大的问题,采用预制保温管和管道直埋敷设技术,有效地减少管网的散热损失。通过保证管网的水力失调度,减少热网中水泵的耗电量。采用热网的变流量调节,减少耗电量。加强对热网的管理,降低失水率。     

Urban residential heating in hot summer and cold winter zones of China—Status,modeling, and scenarios to 2030

Space heating energy consumption in urban residential areas of the hot summer and cold winter zones (HSCW) in China has increased dramatically during the last decade. Large-scale surveys and in-depth measurements of residential heating consumption is important to monitor trends. More importantly, a macro energy model that reflects the current status and that can be used to analyze future scenarios is needed. In this paper, a bottom-up model was established, and the results show the total energy consumption in the HSCW and the influences of building envelops, heating equipment efficiency, and especially occupant behavior on energy use. Related technical and policy suggestions were analyzed in different scenarios. Presently, energy consumption for heating in urban residential areas of the HSCW is relatively low, but is increasing rapidly, so the establishment of superior national building energy efficient designs requires attention. The findings suggest that the district heating network would not be feasible for the HSCW and decentralized heating should be the major heating method employed. Besides building efficiency, appliance efficiency should also be improved. Lastly, residents' behaviors in regards to the opening of windows can significantly influence energy use and should be carefully considered by policy makers and engineers.     

供热系统多级泵技术应用实例分析

热网运行电耗的逐步提高，使得热力行业开始认真研究降耗手段和措施，多级泵技术逐步在实践中应用并取得明显节能效果。文中分析多级泵技术原理以及在一区域热源的实际应用状况，对多级泵技术的推广和应用提出了实践数据。     

Practical versus theoretical domestic energy consumption for space heating

Methods to calculate the theoretical energy consumption consider several things: the number of degree days per year that need to be compensated by heating, the characteristics of the dwelling, the number of occupants and the characteristics of the installation for space heating and sanitary hot water. However, these methods do not take into account consumer behaviour, which may affect the actual consumption.