Eu2+掺杂硅基氮氧化物荧光粉的制备与发光特性

为获得接近太阳光的自然发光效果,制备了Eu2+掺杂的硅基氮化物系列荧光粉,并对其发光特性及原理进行研究.采用碳热还原氮化法制备了Eu2+掺杂Sr Si O3-Sr2Si5N8-Sr Si2O2N2红色荧光粉.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光分光光度计、MS-CASTEP对产物物相、发光光谱、电子结构进行了测试分析.结果发现:通过调节煅烧工艺参数,可同时获得2种主要物相或者单一物相的荧光粉;所制备的荧光粉,能够在350~400 nm范围内被UVLED很好地激发,根据主晶相的不同,产物的发射光谱可以在400~700 nm波段内调控.采用第一性原理分析了发射峰位于650 nm附近橙红色主晶相Sr2Si5N8∶Eu2+的电子结构和光物理性能,发现该物相为直接带隙半导体材料,Eu2+的4f轨道对费米面电子峰起主要作用.Eu2+掺杂Sr Si O3-Sr2Si5N8-Sr Si2O2N2是优良的、颜色可调控的红色荧光粉材料.     

白光LED用LiY(MoO_4)_2∶RE~(3+)(RE=Eu,Sm,Pr)荧光粉的制备与性能

采用水热法制备了LiY(MoO4)2∶RE3+(RE=Eu、Sm、Pr)系列荧光粉,通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)对该系列荧光粉的物相、形貌进行了表征。结果表明,稀土离子的掺入没有改变荧光粉的晶相,3种稀土离子的加入使得LiY(MoO4)2粉体形成片层状结构。利用PL(光致发光光谱)对样品的发光性能进行了测试,分析了稀土离子掺杂浓度对发光强度的影响并进行浓度猝灭机理分析,结果表明,Eu3+、Sm3+、Pr3+最佳掺杂浓度分别为7%,4%和1.5%。LiY(MoO4)2∶Eu3+荧光粉能够很好地被395nm的紫外光和465nm的蓝光有效激发而发射红光,而Sm3+和Pr3+掺杂的LiY(MoO4)2分别在406和453nm激发下,发射出650和657nm的红光,LiY(MoO4)2∶RE3+(RE=Eu、Sm、Pr)系列荧光粉有望成为白光LED用红色荧光粉。     

La~(3+)掺杂对BaSi_2O_2N_2∶Eu~(2+)荧光粉发光性能的影响

研究了La3+掺杂对BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2+发光性能的影响。通过高温固相反应制备了纯相的Ba0.94-Si2O2N2∶0.06Eu2+荧光粉。在此基础上进行La3+的掺杂,并对少量La3+掺杂的LaxBa0.94-1.5xSi2O2N2∶0.06Eu2+荧光粉的结构和光学性能进行了研究。XRD图谱表明粉体在低掺杂时保持了基质BaSi2O2N2的晶格结构。通过共掺x=0.035的La3+可使荧光粉的发光效率提高到157%,原因是La3+部分取代Ba2+产生了阳离子缺陷,其可以吸收光源能量并将能量传递给Eu2+。最终这些能量通过Eu2+的4f65d→4f7跃迁以光辐射的形式释放出来。     

Effect of La3+ Doping on the Luminescence of BaSi2O2N2 : Eu2+ Phosphors

研究了L3+掺杂对BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2+发光性能的影响.通过高温固相反应制备了纯相的Ba0.94-Si2O2N2∶0.06Eu2+荧光粉.在此基础上进行La3+的掺杂,并对少量La3+掺杂的LaxBa0.94-1.5xSi2O2N2∶0.06Eu2+荧光粉的结构和光学性能进行了研究.XRD图谱表明粉体在低掺杂时保持了基质BaSi2O2N2的晶格结构.通过共掺x=0.035的La3+可使荧光粉的发光效率提高到157％,原因是La3+部分取代Ba12+产生了阳离子缺陷,其可以吸收光源能量并将能量传递给Eu2+.最终这些能量通过Eu2+的4f65d→4f7跃迁以光辐射的形式释放出来.     

Eu3+掺杂对Li2BaSiO4荧光粉发光性能的影响

采用凝胶-燃烧法制备了Li2BaSiO4∶Eu3+红色荧光粉。用X射线衍射分析(XRD)表征了Li2BaSiO4∶Eu3+荧光粉的结构,重点考察了激活剂Eu3+的浓度对Li2BaSiO4∶Eu3+发光强度的影响。结果表明,Li2BaSiO4∶Eu3+荧光粉为六方晶系结构。以394nm的近紫外光激发样品,Li2Ba1-xSiO4∶xEu3+荧光粉发红光,其中以614.4nm发射峰发光最强。在800℃灼烧3h条件下,当Eu3+的浓度为5.5%时,Li2BaSiO4∶Eu3+荧光粉的发光性能最佳。Eu3+的掺杂对Li2BaSiO4∶Eu3+荧光粉的发射光谱的峰形和峰位无明显影响。     

共沉淀法合成NaLa(MoO_4)_2∶Eu~(3+)红色荧光粉及其发光性能的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了微米花状,四方晶系的NaLa(MoO4)2∶Eu3+红色荧光粉。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、光致发光光谱等分析手段对样品的结构、形貌以及发光性能进行了表征。研究了结构控制剂种类、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)添加量、Eu3+掺杂浓度、反应物浓度等系列对合成NaLa(MoO4)2∶Eu3+发光材料发光性能的影响。结果表明:所合成的微米花状NaLa(MoO4)2∶Eu3+红色荧光粉为四方晶系,在464nm紫外激发下,观察到其发射主峰位置在615nm。当反应条件分别为PVP=0.75g、Eu3+掺杂浓度10%、反应物浓度为0.12mol/L时样品具有最强的发光强度。在紫外灯照射下,样品呈现出明亮的红色。     

水热法制备SrMoO4:Eu3+红色发光材料及其发光性能

以Eu2O3、Sr(NO3)2和(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O为原料,采用水热法合成了Eu3+离子掺杂的Sr0.6MoO4∶Eu0.43+红色荧光粉。用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和荧光光谱(PL)等分析手段研究了荧光粉的结构和光致发光性能。结果表明,制备的荧光粉颗粒分散均匀,形状呈类四方双锥状,粒径在0.5～2μm之间,荧光粉可以被近紫外光(396nm)和蓝光(466nm)有效激发,发射出峰值位于614nm的红光,激发波长与紫外和蓝光LED芯片相匹配。因此,这种荧光粉是一种可能应用在白光LED上的红色荧光粉材料。     

(Sr_(1-x)Ba_x)_(3-y)SiO_5:y Eu~(2+)橙红色荧光粉的制备与发光性能

采用高温固相法在还原气氛下合成橙红色荧光粉(Sr1-xBa)x3-ySiO5∶y Eu2+,并用X射线衍射仪和荧光分光光度计对合成的样品进行表征。结果表明:合成样品的晶体结构与Sr3SiO5相同,(Sr1-xBa)x3-ySiO5∶y Eu2+的荧光光谱为宽带谱,激发峰发射主峰分别位于365nm和592～609nm。随着Eu2+和Ba2+掺杂浓度的不同,样品的热稳定性和发射峰也发生了相应的变化。最终,并对其机理进行简单讨论。     

Yb3+、Er3+和Eu3+共掺杂TiO2纳米带的制备与表征

通过离子交换和水热两步合成过程简单制备了Yb3+、Er3+和Eu3+共掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2纳米带。该3种离子共掺杂未导致TiO2结构和形貌发生变化。光学特性测试结果表明,由于稀土离子掺杂浓度低,Eu3+掺杂未改变由Yb3+和Er3+产生的上转换发射峰位,但可观察到因上转换发光激发的Eu3+荧光发射峰;Eu3+荧光光谱也未受到Yb3+和Er3+掺杂的影响。通过对掺杂样品上转换发光机理的考察证实,上转换发光过程是双光子过程,但TiO2和Eu3+掺杂对此发光过程有明显影响。     

GdAlO3∶Eu3+荧光粉的合成及发光特性研究

研究了不同退火机制下GdAlO3∶Eu3+荧光粉的光谱特性。采用高温固相反应法在空气气氛和还原气氛中分别合成了GdAlO3∶Eu3+荧光粉,讨论了在烧结过程中产生的色心的光谱性质及其对GdAlO3∶Eu3+发光强度、激发光谱和O2--Eu3+电荷迁移带位置的影响。研究了后退火对GdAlO3∶Eu3+光谱特性的影响,进一步解释了VUV激发下的能量传递机制。根据烧结气氛、烧结温度和后退火对色心以及GdAlO3∶Eu3+光谱特性的影响,找到了一条能有效消除色心获得高荧光强度的两步反应合成路线。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...