卤胺接枝改性β-环糊精共聚物/醋酸纤维素纳米纤维的制备与表征

β-环糊精(β-CD)作为淀粉的衍生物,具有天然、无毒、环保、价格低廉等优点,越来越受到研究者的关注。采用马来酸酐(MAH)对β-CD进行改性,得到可聚合单体(β-CD-MAH),采用过硫酸铵(APS)/亚硫酸氢钠(SBS)氧化-还原体系引发单体3-(4’-乙烯基苄基)-5,5-二甲基海因(缩写为VBDMH)与其共聚,成功制备β-CD基卤胺化合物抗菌共聚物(缩写为β-CD-MAH-VBDMH),并采用固体13C核磁和红外光谱图表征了其化学结构。将抗菌剂β-CD-MAH-VBDMH和乙酸纤维素(CA)混合,利用静电纺丝技术,制备具有抗菌功能的纳米纤维,并采用SEM对纳米纤维进行了表征,确定静电纺丝的最佳工艺。碘量滴定法滴定的最佳工艺条件下纳米纤维的氯含量表明,所制得的纳米纤维具有很好的抗菌性能。     

静电纺β-环糊精/石墨烯载银抗菌纤维膜的制备与表征

采用"一锅法"将纳米银颗粒负载到氧化石墨烯片上。利用静电纺丝和原位热交联方法制备了具有抗菌功能的β-环糊精/氧化石墨烯载银复合纳米纤维膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱、傅里叶红外光谱、热分析及抑菌圈法对纤维膜进行了形貌、结构表征及抗菌性能测试。结果表明:热交联反应不影响β-环糊精的环状结构;添加AGCN的纳米纤维膜表面粗糙,AGCN表面的基团不参与纤维膜的热交联反应;添加AGCN的纤维膜具有良好的抗菌性能,当AGCN含量增加时,纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能提高。     

静电纺丝法制备聚酰亚胺纳米纤维及其表征

通过两步法制备聚酰亚胺(PI)纳米纤维,利用均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4′-二胺基二苯醚(ODA)合成聚酰亚胺酸(PAA)纺丝液,采用高压静电纺丝技术制备PAA纳米纤维,在高温下亚胺化获得PMDA-ODA型PI纳米纤维,研究了溶液浓度、纺丝距离及纺丝电压对纤维形貌的影响,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对纤维形貌进行了表征。结果表明:当PAA溶液浓度为20wt%,纺丝距离为18cm,纺丝电压为20kV时得到的纤维形貌较好。同时利用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪对其化学结构和热稳定性也进行了表征。     

甲壳素纳米晶须/聚乳酸复合纤维膜的制备及其抗菌性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术,分别制备了纯聚乳酸(PLA)纳米纤维膜及不同甲壳素纳米晶须(CNW)含量的CNW/PLA复合纳米纤维膜。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察发现,CNW的添加对纳米纤维形貌的影响不大;通过傅里叶红外变换光谱仪(FT-IR)观察分析表明,CNW已成功加入到PLA纤维中,且未发生化学反应。同时利用改良后的振荡烧瓶法测定复合纳米纤维膜的抗菌性,结果表明:复合纳米纤维膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有良好的抗菌效果,并随着CNW含量的增加,其抗菌效果趋于显著。     

天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈抗菌纳米纤维的制备与表征

为了拓展天然纤维素材料的应用,在综合国内外对天然纤维素材料、纳米材料和抗菌材料相关研究的基础上,首先,利用LiCl/二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)溶剂体系配置了不同共混比例的天然纤维素/聚丙烯腈纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术制备了纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。然后,用铜氨溶液对纳米纤维进行了抗菌处理,制备了具有一定抗菌功能的纤维集合体。最后,采用SEM观察不同共混比例下纳米纤维的微观形貌;采用TG和DSC表征其热性能;采用FTIR和表面接触角测量仪表征共混后纳米纤维的化学组成和亲水性的变化;采用振荡法测定纳米纤维的抗菌性能。结果表明:通过静电纺丝技术可制得直径在200~400nm范围内的纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维。随着纤维素含量的提高,纳米纤维的表面越来越粗糙,粘连愈加严重,且直径离散度也变大。当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比大于75∶25时,纤维的直径标准偏差由纯聚丙烯腈纤维的100nm以下变为150nm以上。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维具有良好的热性能,与纯纤维素纳米纤维相比热稳定性有一定提高,当纤维素与聚丙烯腈的共混质量比为25∶75时热稳定性最好。纤维素/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的亲水性优于普通医用纱布的。经过铜氨溶液抗菌处理的纳米纤维具有良好的抗菌性能,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为82%和75%。     

亚胺化温度对聚酰亚胺纳米纤维结构和性能的影响

利用3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)合成得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)纺丝液,采用静电纺丝技术制备得到PAA纳米纤维,通过热亚胺化法获得BTDA-ODA型聚酰亚胺(PI)纳米纤维。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了热亚胺化前后纳米纤维的形貌特征,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和热重分析(TGA)表征了不同亚胺化温度对PI纳米纤维的化学结构、结晶性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当亚胺化热处理温度较低时,PAA纳米纤维的亚胺化程度较差。当亚胺化温度达到300℃时,PAA纳米纤维的亚胺化程度基本完全。随着亚胺化温度的升高,纳米纤维的结晶度逐渐增强,热稳定性也逐渐升高。     

再生纤维素基光敏抗菌纳米纤维膜的制备及表征EI北大核心CSCD

利用静电纺丝技术制备纳米醋酸纤维素膜(CA),经高温热处理后碱液水解得再生纤维素(RC),然后以二乙烯三胺(DETA)为间隔臂接枝了原卟啉(PPIX),制备了PPIX接枝纳米纤维膜(RC-PPIX)。通过差示扫描量热分析、拉伸断裂仪、扫描电镜探究了CA热处理前、后及水解后的热学性能、力学性能及形貌变化。利用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱表征了CA在反应过程中的化学结构变化,最后评价了RC-PPIX纤维膜对大肠杆菌的灭活作用。实验结果表明,热处理后的CA纳米纤维彼此熔合在一起,同时纳米纤维结构保持不变,纤维膜的力学强度显著提高;成功接枝制备了光敏抗菌型RC-PPIX纳米纤维膜,其对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果随着光照时间的延长,在氙灯光照30min时,其对大肠杆菌的灭活率可达99.99%。     

再生纤维素基光敏抗菌纳米纤维膜的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备纳米醋酸纤维素膜(CA),经高温热处理后碱液水解得再生纤维素(RC),然后以二乙烯三胺(DETA)为间隔臂接枝了原卟啉(PPIX),制备了PPIX接枝纳米纤维膜(RC-PPIX)。通过差示扫描量热分析、拉伸断裂仪、扫描电镜探究了CA热处理前、后及水解后的热学性能、力学性能及形貌变化。利用红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱表征了CA在反应过程中的化学结构变化,最后评价了RC-PPIX纤维膜对大肠杆菌的灭活作用。实验结果表明,热处理后的CA纳米纤维彼此熔合在一起,同时纳米纤维结构保持不变,纤维膜的力学强度显著提高;成功接枝制备了光敏抗菌型RC-PPIX纳米纤维膜,其对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果随着光照时间的延长,在氙灯光照30min时,其对大肠杆菌的灭活率可达99.99%。     

聚(乙烯基己内酰胺-co-甲基丙烯酸)纳米纤维的电纺制备及其表征

以N-乙烯基己内酰胺,α-甲基丙烯酸为单体,合成温敏聚合物--聚(乙烯基己内酰胺-co-甲基丙烯酸),并利用静电纺丝技术将其制成纳米纤维。采用扫描电镜(SEM),傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),热重分析(TG)和微商热重法(DTG)对纤维进行表征。结果表明,通过调节纺丝液的浓度,可获得形态较好的纳米级纤维,并且该纤维在常规温度下可以保持纤维状,物理及化学性质不发生改变。     

原位聚合法制备PANI-TSA/PA6核壳纳米纤维

以静电纺丝技术制备出尼龙6(PA6)纳米纤维,并以该纳米纤维为模板,采用原位聚合法进行对甲苯磺酸(TSA)掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI)的合成,制备PANI-TSA/PA6核壳结构复合纳米纤维。应用傅里叶红外变换光谱测试仪(FT-IR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对纤维的结构进行了表征;利用热重测试仪(TG)对纤维的热性能进行了表征。结果表明,采用该方法制备出了以TSA-PANI为壳、PA6为核的复合纳米纤维,且纤维形貌规整均匀,热性能优良。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.