水基流延法制备堇青石坯片

以溶胶-凝胶法制得的纳米堇青石(2MgO-2Al2O3-5SiO2)粉体为原料,聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)为分散剂,制备堇青石水基流延浆料并流延成型.对适于流延的堇青石粉体粒径、聚丙烯酸钠含量及流延坯片的微观形貌进行研究.结果表明:粉体粒径为600nm左右的堇青石粉体适用于制备水基流延浆料;分散剂聚丙烯酸钠最佳含量为1.5％(质量分数);得到的流延生坯微观结构均一,上下表面平整一致,不存在密度梯度,满足高频片式电感所用坯片的要求.     

Bi2O3掺杂堇青石陶瓷坯片与导电银浆共烧行为的研究

采用Bi2O3进行掺杂,成功地将堇青石陶瓷坯片的烧结温度降低到900℃。利用水基流延法制备堇青石坯片,研究了堇青石流延坯片的性能及其与导电银浆的共烧行为。结果表明,在900℃烧结的堇青石陶瓷坯片主晶相为α相,烧结试样具有良好的致密性和介电性能,且与导电银浆具有较好的共烧匹配性。     

堇青石流延坯片的制备及叠层研究

通过对堇青石水基流延浆料体系的研究,获得了流动性、稳定性良好的浆料。所制备出的流延坯片可以在较低的温度下烧结,坯片的致密性较好,相对密度较高,且具有良好的介电性能。重点对坯片的叠层进行了研究,结果表明,流延坯片可以在室温下实现良好的叠层。在2.5MPa的压力下,5层坯片结合良好,但当层数增加到10层时,试样中会有气孔出现,烧结性能变差,适当提高叠层的压力可以使烧结性能改善。该方法与热压法相比,叠层的压力和温度均较小;与溶剂法和粘合法相比,不需要额外的添加剂。     

堇青石水基流延坯片烧结性能研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备的堇青石粉体为原料,聚丙烯酸钠为分散剂、聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,聚乙二醇为增塑剂,通过水基流延成型制备了堇青石陶瓷生坯。研究了流延生坯的烧结性能及微观形貌。结果表明,1000℃下烧结体析出晶相全部为α-堇青石,致密性较好。叠层生坯在1000℃下烧结后层间界面消失,致密性好。叠片在1GHz下的介电常数ε=4.56,介电损耗tanδ=0.0032,基本满足低介片式电感元器件对介质材料的要求。     

堇青石水基流延坯片烧结性能研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备的堇青石粉体为原料,聚丙烯酸钠为分散剂、聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,聚乙二醇为增塑剂,通过水基流延成型制备了堇青石陶瓷生坯。研究了流延生坯的烧结性能及微观形貌。结果表明,1000℃下烧结体析出晶相全部为α-堇青石,致密性较好。叠层生坯在1000℃下烧结后层间界面消失,致密性好。叠片在1GHz下的介电常数ε=4.56,介电损耗tanδ=0.0032,基本满足低介片式电感元器件对介质材料的要求。     

基于分形和随机扩散描述食品材料的干燥速率

基于食品材料的分形结构特性和气体随机扩散理论,建立了食品材料干燥的微观模型来解释干燥曲线的特性。恒速干燥阶段是水分在物料表面蒸发造成的含水率下降且干燥过程还没有形成干燥前沿的阶段,此过程被认为是简单随机扩散过程,与时间成线性关系。降速干燥阶段蒸发过程发生在物料内部蒸发前沿,水分通过具有分形特性的物料内部孔隙,遵循分形随机扩散到达干燥前沿,此过程被认为是不规则随机扩散,干燥速率与时间成幂指数关系,与分形维数成指数关系。通过分形模型与实验数据对比验证了模型的正确性。     

对流干燥过程理论分析:水分活度

在收缩和非收缩条件下,对胡萝卜的对流干燥特征进行了理论分析。结果表明,干燥速率是试样几何形状、尺寸以及热空气温度、风速、相对湿度的函数。整个干燥过程应划分为外部干燥条件控制的第一干燥阶段和物料内部水分扩散控制的第二干燥阶段。而基于经典干燥理论的恒速干燥阶段和降速干燥阶段的划分,只是特定形状和材质的物料在一定干燥条件下才出现的干燥现象。物料外层单元水分活度可以作为判别物料干燥过程是处于第一干燥阶段还是第二干燥阶段的判断依据,是表征物料干燥特性的特征参数。     

基于厚度变化的纸浆模塑模内干燥特性研究

目的 探究模内干燥纸浆模塑制品厚度变化规律及干燥特性。方法 使用纸浆模塑成型机在不同干燥温度下，对3种不同初始厚度的纸浆模塑制品进行热压干燥实验，对实验所得产品的厚度变化和质量变化数据进行分析，并绘制干燥特性曲线。结果 纸浆模塑制品热压干燥过程可分为预压阶段、恒速干燥阶段和降速干燥阶段3个过程。在预压阶段，蓬松的纸浆模塑湿坯被模具挤压致密，厚度值出现瞬时减薄的趋势，减厚率高达40%以上，在恒速及降速阶段厚度则会逐步递减至一个平衡值。结论 根据实验结果获得了基于厚度变化的纸浆模塑制品的干燥特性。     

陶瓷材料水基流延成型工艺研究进展

简要介绍了水基流延成型工艺的特点,综述了水基流延成型工艺的浆料组成、流变性能以及干燥过程的研究现状,指出了水基流延成型今后的发展趋势.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备堇青石粉体的固相反应过程和烧结性的研究

将TEOS,镁铝硝酸盐以及一定量的尿素溶于乙醇-水溶液。100℃水浴加热形成凝胶。凝胶干燥后,高温煅烧可得到一种镁铝硅复合氧化物粉体。对在不同温度下煅烧的粉体和1350℃烧结的样品进行X射线衍射分析,发现在煅烧过程中,基体形态经历了从无定形态向晶态α-堇青石的转化过程,并伴随有μ-堇青石相,镁铝尖晶石相和β-石英固溶体的出现和消失。1350℃烧结的样品全部为α-堇青石相,烧结致密度最高达99.5％。以扫描电镜观察该样品的表面形貌,可看出其晶粒呈薄片状。并对纯堇青石的致密化烧结过程进行了探讨。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from