亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的影响因素探讨

通过实验对亚甲蓝分光光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:方法中标准曲线浓度范围超出朗伯比尔定律的直线范围、过滤时脱脂棉的使用导致需弃去较多的初滤液、试剂三氯甲烷的品质对实验空白值有重要影响。     

小型洗车场洗车废水回用处理技术研究

针对小型洗车场洗车废水的特点,采用调节沉淀—混凝—过滤—活性炭吸附—超滤工艺进行处理效果研究。试验结果表明：这些工艺的结合后可分别发挥各工艺的特点,有效去除COD、悬浮物、石油类、色度、味、阴离子洗涤剂及总大肠菌。处理后,废水可以达到回用标准。     

用ICP-AES原子发射光谱仪测定α-纤维素中的金属离子

介绍用ICP -AES原子发射光谱仪测定在二次盐水精制过程中过滤一次盐水中悬浮物的α -纤维素中金属离子     

用ICP-AES原子发射光谱仪测α-纤维素中的金属离子

介绍用ICP-AES原子发射光谱仪测定在二次盐水精制过程中过滤一次盐水中悬浮物的α-纤维素中金属离子.     

影响废水中悬浮物测定结果的因素

对重量法测量悬浮物浓度中的关键技术,包括样品采集、取样、过滤、烘干温度、烘干时间、恒重时间和过滤体积进行分析探讨.通过分析得出在重量法测量悬浮物浓度中合适的测量条件和采样条件.     

什么叫接触过滤?

正在滤池的原水进水管道中加入凝聚剂,在管道中进行接触、混合、凝聚,然后进入过滤池进行过滤,以去除水中的悬浮物,这种系统称为接触过滤,也称为接触凝聚过滤系统。这     

刷镀溶液的充分利用和废液的回收

一过滤先将欲调配的刷镀溶液用脱脂棉过滤,除去炭粒与其它机械杂质.然后用蒸馏水稀释至原体积. 二金属离子含量的测定按常规方法测定. 三刷镀溶液的调配根据测定结果,计算出应加的盐量,按规定配制、补加。用这种方法处理的刷镀溶液,性能与新配制的完全一样。一般可处理2--3次.因为在刷镀     

维生素C钙微生物限度检查法的研究

建立了维生素C钙的微生物限度检查法,对细菌数、霉菌及酵母菌数及控制菌进行检查。样品采用药典规定的常规法、薄膜过滤法进行微生物限度方法学验证。在采用薄膜过滤法中,对含不溶性悬浮物的维生素C钙供试品溶液,采用医用脱脂棉做预处理。     

用表面活性剂处理硝酸高铁溶液中的悬浮物

硝酸高铁的生产工艺很简单,一般都用铸铁屑与稀硝酸直接热反应制得。但由于原料铁屑不纯,合成过程中往往产生一些副产物,因此给过滤带来困难。有时过滤无法进行,有时即或有法过滤,溶液经过浓缩结晶后,成品中仍有大量悬浮物。经过多次实验,用表面活性剂进行处理解决了这个问题。     

用于碳酸氢钠过滤的表面活性剂

用于碳酸氢钠过滤的表面活性剂美国专利ＵＳ５，０９６，５７９本发明是在被过滤的碳酸氢钠悬浮物中加入硫代丁二酸钠的一元或二元烷基酯，提高过滤速率，降低滤饼中氯化钠及含水量的一种方法。发明背景用热水注入地下卤水井矿层中，碳酸氢钠溶于热水中形成溶液，然后...     

离子液体表面活性剂的合成与应用(Ⅱ)——离子液体表面活性剂的合成

按照离子液体表面活性剂的种类,分别介绍了不同类型离子液体表面活性剂的合成方法。阳离子型离子液体表面活性剂可以采用直接季铵化法、复分解法和离子交换法合成;阴离子型离子液体表面活性剂是采用传统阴离子表面活性剂与离子液体在有机溶剂或水/有机溶剂中复分解反应完成的;两性离子液体表面活性剂通常采用直接季铵化法合成;双子和Bola型离子液体表面活性剂与传统双子和Bola型表面活性剂的合成方法相似;微波和超声等新的辅助合成方法将明显促进离子液体表面活性剂的合成。     

水中阴离子表面活性剂测定方法概述

简要介绍了表面活性剂的性质,阴离子表面活性剂的种类及其对水体环境的危害;重点对水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定方法即分光光度法、两相滴定法、高效液相色谱法、薄层层析法及离子选择性电极分析法等进行了综述;提出了水中阴离子表面活性剂测定方法向信息化、实时快速在线监测智能化和检测仪器向微型化的方向发展。     

陶瓷工业废水治理与综合利用

本文主要介绍了采用平流沉淀池和絮凝剂处理陶瓷工业废水。此方法既解决了排放悬浮物的污染问题,又使废水、废原料得到了综合利用。     

Non-foaming adsorptive bubble separation of DBSNa and foam separation of cadmium

In recent years, the use of synthetic surfactants, “detergents”, has brought about extensive foaming on rivers and during sewage treatment. Many methods have already been proposed on the removal of surfactants from waste water by the physico-chemical approach. The present paper however deals with the removal of the anionic surfactant, dodeclbenzensulfonate (DBSNa, M.W. = 348.48) form aqueous solution by the bubble separation technique, which has already been investigated in model systems by some workers.^(1–10) This paper is also devoted in part to the removal of cationic metallic ion^(12–17) from its dilute solution by suing a DBSNa collector in a stable foaming region, (pH = 6.3) similar treatments have employed the precipitate floatation mehtods.^(18,19)     

Nonionic surfactants in municipal sewage in Israel

Nonionic surfactants are a significant factor in the municipal sewages profile, which, in turn, affects the efficiency of sewage-treatment processes and determines the possibility of sewage-water reuse. Hard (nonbiodegradable), nonionic surfactants are the most commonly used nonionics in Israel, which probably has no parallel in other western industrial countries. In view of the increased share of nonionic surfactants at the expense of anionic surfactants, a worldwide trend, municipal sewages in Israel were expected to contain increasing amounts of nonionic surfactants, unless the ratio between the biodegradable and nonbiodegradable nonionics used was significantly changed. In vivo determinations of nonionic surfactants in representative municipal sewage systems in Israel, applying a modified SDA-cobalt thiocyanate (CTAS) procedure and calibration curves (prepared under in vitro conditions), established typical concentrations of nonionic surfactants in municipal sewage in the northern part of Isreal to be in the range of 3–4 mg/L. Under the particular local situation, a calibration curve derived from a mixture of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP_8–14), having a slope of 0.165 absorbance units/mg of nonionic, can be reliably used to determine the content of nonionic surfactant of municipal sewage effluents. A correction factor based on the extent of nonionic recovery should be applied to ensure accuracy. All of the results obtained agree with other relevant studies and worldwide trends. The concentration of nonionic surfactants in municipal sewage in Israel appears to be decreasing. The results of the study, selected aspects involved with the determination procedure under in vivo conditions and issues relevant to the problem of nonionic detergents in municipal sewage, are discussed. The contribution of the study toward the improvement of water quality, thus increasing its potential for reuse in Israel (and elsewhere), is emphasized.     

环境中阴离子表面活性剂检测方法研究进展

概述了阴离子表面活性剂给水环境带来的危害,深入分析了目前阴离子表面活性剂的主要测定方法以及各优缺点,并对今后检测方法的改进方向进行了介绍,指出联用技术将成为未来水环境中阴离子表面活性剂检测的主要技术。     

阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能研究进展

综述了一系列阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂(包括磺酸盐型、硫酸酯盐型、羧酸盐型及磷酸酯盐型)的合成方法,并介绍了其表面活性、水溶性、协同效应、增溶作用、抗盐能力等理化性能,对今后阴离子型Gemini表面活性剂的研究提出了一些看法.     

Ester-based surfactants: Are they stable enough?

Surfactants with an ester bond connecting the polar headgroup and the hydrophobic tail are common. They are easy to synthesize, they can often be made from natural raw materials and their biodegradation profile is generally good, partly due to lipase or esterase catalyzed breakdown of the ester bond in sewage plants. A labile ester bond in the molecule may cause problems, however. Surfactants are often formulated at relatively high pH and it is important that they remain intact for a given period of time. In this article we discuss alkaline hydrolysis of different types of ester-based surfactants—cationic, anionic and nonionic—and also of surfactant mixtures. We show that the ester bond in a surfactant has a different hydrolysis pattern than ester bonds in non-surface active uncharged molecules. Cationic ester-based surfactants are hydrolyzed rapidly while anionic and also nonionic ester-containing surfactants are relatively resistant to hydrolysis.     

以“蚯蚓粪-炭”为渗滤介质去除洗衣污水中的LAS的研究

洗衣污水是中国当前主要的生活污水之一。本研究试着将蚯蚓粪和炭按体积比混合组成渗滤介质,使洗衣污水从中渗透通过,对污水中的主要有害物质LAS（阴离子表面活性剂）进行吸附和降解。实验结果表明：洗衣污水经过这种混合介质（1︰1）的渗滤后,污水中的阴离子表面活性剂（LAS）的去除率达到96.78%,对洗衣污水起到明显的去污效果。     

Identification and estimation of LAS in waters and effluents

The detergent industry of the United States has replaced alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) derived from tetrapropylene by linear alkylate sulfonate (LAS) in its formulations in an effort to eliminate waste surfactants from the nation's pollution load. The effectiveness of this move will be assessed by the monitoring of sewage treatment plant effluents and receiving waters by numerous agencies during the next several years. Most of the analytical methods available respond to a whole range of surfactants and are not specific for LAS. This deficiency can be avoided by use of the desulfonation-gas chromatography technique, which gives unequivocal proof of the presence or absence of LAS and is readily applicable at the range of interest in the neighborhood of one part per million. Examples are given of examination of various samples for presence and semiquantitative estimation of LAS. A simple procedure is described for prepurification and separation of anionic surfactants from other components of the sample. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Cincinnati, October 1965.