高温局部荷载作用下短粗腹板的失效机制

提出计算高温和局部荷载作用下短粗热轧钢板的极限强度的分析模型。该局部荷载可能出现在火灾中钢框架结构梁柱连接的受压区,由集中荷载所产生。建模中假定翼缘上的理想塑性铰会导致腹板屈服,计算没有考虑板的局部屈曲。根据温度区域和连接受压区的长度提出两种可能的失效机制,这与周边温度升高时构件的失效屈服不同。基于本文提出的分析模型,对一个典型连接件进行参数研究,归纳不同的热梯度和局部荷载作用长度下腹板极限强度的变化。分析结果表明:在对钢结构进行防火设计时,必须考虑到连接件在高温下的反应,才能提高建模的准确性。     

高温后新Ⅲ级钢筋力学性能的试验研究

通过对37组共111根(?)16和(?)12新Ⅲ级钢筋高温后的力学性能试验,研究了经历不同受火温度和受火恒温时间 后的屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量、延伸率和受拉应力-应变关系等力学性能的变化规律。试验表明。新Ⅲ级钢筋在经历 高温作用后,其屈服强度、极限强度和弹性模量在400℃以前变化不大,之后随所经历温度的升高而逐渐下降,降幅一般在 15％左右,实测的受拉应力-应变关系曲线,仍然出现明显的屈服台阶和强化段。根据试验结果,本文建议了高温后新Ⅲ 级钢筋屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量、延伸率和受拉应力.应变全曲线计算公式。本文研究成果可作为火灾后混凝土结 构的损伤评估和非线性有限元全过程分析的依据。     

Experimental Testing and Analytical Prediction of the Behaviour of Timber Bolted Connections Subjected to Fire

The ultimate strength of bolted and dowelled connections in timber members at ambient temperatures have been assessed using Johansen’s yield equations in Europe and USA. More recently, several researchers have begun to investigate the strength of bolted and dowelled connections at elevated temperatures. Research has been carried out at the University of Canterbury to investigate the application of Johansen’s yield equations to the prediction of the failure strength of bolted connections in fire conditions. A series of single bolted connections using steel side plates was heated at constant temperature for several hours, then loaded to failure and used to determine the embedment strength of the wood over a range of temperatures from ambient to 300°C. The temperature-dependent embedment strengths are employed in Johansen’s equations for connections using a central steel plate as well as connections using steel and wood side members. Comparisons are also being made with the results of several similar connections tested in fire conditions and show considerable promise for predicting failure of such joints. A proposal for implementation of an easy-to-use approach for the prediction of the fire resistance of bolted joints is discussed in the paper, based on an extension of the Johansen’s yield equations to fire conditions, including a model for the variation of the embedment strength with temperature.     

折线形腹板钢梁的局部承压性能有限元分析

折线形腹板钢梁是将传统钢梁中的平腹板用折线形钢板来代替,是波纹腹板钢梁的一种。该钢梁具有较高的承载力及良好的经济优势。目前,在国内外仅对梯形腹板钢梁的局部承压性能有少量研究。本文作者采用有限元方法对折线形腹板钢梁局部承压性能进行研究,了解其在实际试验中可能发生的破坏模式和各因素对其局部承压力性能的影响,并为今后试验作准备。     

Ultimate strength of girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs under patch loading

Ultimate strength of steel plate girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs under patch loading is studied using a non-linear finite element method. Effect of large deflection is taken into account and a von Mises material either without strain hardening (elastic-perfectly plastic), or with strainhardening obeying Ramberg-Osgood's equation, is assumed. The following factors that influence the ultimate strength are investigate (1) strainhardening models; (2) initial imperfections (local and global); (3) variation of yield stress and strain-hardening degree at the corrugation corners due to cold forming, ‘corner-effects’; (4) loading position; (S) load distribution length, and (6) variation of geometric parameters. Based upon the numerical results obtained, an empirical formula for the prediction of the ultimate strength is suggested.     

受压焊接空心球节点高温试验研究

为研究受压焊接空心球节点火灾下的性能,利用高温试验炉,对不同空心球外径和壁厚、钢管外径和壁厚、钢材屈服强度和荷载比的6种受压焊接空心球节点试件进行了高温作用下的试验研究,得到了其在高温下的温度分布、位移特征和破坏形式,并研究了对其极限耐火时间的影响因素;根据欧洲规范,对受压焊接空心球节点高温作用下的性能进行了非线性有限元数值模拟,分析了节点的温度场分布规律和影响因素。通过分析高温作用下节点的位移变化特征,确定了其破坏模式;试验结果和有限元分析结果进行了对比,二者吻合较好。研究结果表明：增大焊接钢管壁厚和降低焊接空心球节点实际承受的荷载可以有效地延长受压焊接空心球节点的极限耐火时间;钢管根部是高温作用下受压焊接空心球节点的薄弱部位。图13表2参9     

Predicting the maximum compressive beam axial force during fire considering local buckling

Local buckling in floor beams has been one of the important observations in several fire events in steel buildings such as World Trade Center Tower 7 and large-scale fire experiments such as Cardington building test in U.K. Utilizing three dimensional finite element methods for complex geometry and nonlinear behavior of such connections, local buckling of the web followed by the buckling of the lower flange is observed to occur in early stages of fire, which causes instability to the floor system, and a significant reduction in the connection strength. The observations also suggest that the maximum compression in the floor beam is limited to the buckling capacity of the web and flanges near the connection. This paper contributes to such knowledge by investigating the local buckling of floor beams for different connection types at elevated temperatures using nonlinear finite element models. Moment connections are found to be more resistant to local buckling when compared to the shear connections. The results are also compared to the AISC design equation for plate buckling under ambient and elevated temperatures. Compared to the finite element analyses of this study, it is observed that at ambient temperature the AISC curve conservatively captures the buckling capacity of webs and flanges; at higher temperatures, AISC overestimates the capacity.     

高温后钢材及再生混凝土的力学性能试验研究

为了研究高温后钢材及再生混凝土的力学性能,设计了再生粗骨料取代率为100%的再生混凝土立方体试块并加工了钢材标准试件,对其进行常温、200~800℃(级差为100℃)的模拟火灾高温后的受力性能试验,细致观察了高温后再生混凝土、钢材的表观变化,获取了高温后再生混凝土的破坏形态和强度、钢材的屈服及极限强度等力学性能指标;分析火灾温度对钢材及再生混凝土剩余强度的影响,并提出高温后再生混凝土的剩余强度计算式。研究结果表明:随着温度的升高,钢材的屈服强度呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,极限强度在600℃以下时变化不大,在600℃以上则显著降低;随着温度的升高,其抗压强度逐渐降低。     

高温下装配式钢牛腿连接节点破坏机理及影响参数分析

为了研究高温下装配式钢牛腿连接节点的破坏过程、破坏形态和破坏机理,以及不同荷载、偏心距、肋板厚度、栓钉直径和角钢厚度对节点温度分布、耐火极限及位移曲线的影响规律,通过ABAQUS 软件建立了装配式钢牛腿连接节点的有限元模型,并用试验结果验证了模型的准确性。结果表明：侧板屈服的平均临界温度为516.54 ℃ 。肋板屈服的平均临界温度为583.38～691.42 ℃ 。肋板破坏的平均临界温度为610.85～728.96 ℃。高温下节点最终的破坏形态有三种：肋板局部屈曲;肋板局部鼓曲;栓钉屈服。节点的耐火极限随着肋板厚度的增加、荷载的减小、等肢角钢厚度的增加而增加。偏心距的改变会改变肋板高温下的破坏形态。栓钉直径增加会导致栓钉温度升高,对提高节点耐火极限有不利影响。     

Effective width method to account for the local buckling of steel thin plates at elevated temperatures

The local buckling of thin steel plates exposed to fire is investigated using a finite element model. The reduction of strength and stiffness that occurs at elevated temperatures needs to be taken into account in the design, as it increases the susceptibility to local buckling of the plates thus affecting their load carrying capacity. The obtained results show that the current existing design method of Eurocode 3 to take into consideration the local buckling in the calculation of the ultimate strength of steel thin plates at elevated temperatures needs to be improved. These methods are based on the same principles as for normal temperature but using for the design yield strength of steel, at elevated temperatures, the 0.2% proof strength of the steel instead of its strength at 2% total strain as for the cases where the local buckling is not limiting the ultimate strength of the plates. This consideration, however, leads to an inconsistency if cross-sections are composed simultaneous of plates susceptible and not to local buckling. To address this issue, new expressions for calculating the effective width of internal compressed elements (webs) and outstand elements (flanges) are proposed, which have been derived from the actual expressions of the Part 1.5 of the Eurocode 3 and validated against numerical results. It is also demonstrated that it is not necessary to use for the yield stress at elevated temperatures the 0.2% proof strength of the steel instead of the yield stress at 2% total strain, given that the necessary allowances are considered in these new expressions, thus leading to a more economic design.     

Experimental study of fire-resistant steel H-columns at elevated temperature

This paper presents the experimental studies of axially loaded fire-resistant steel columns under elevated temperature. With the advancement of metal production, fire-resistant steel with enhanced mechanical properties at elevated temperatures has been developed recently. However, extensive research work is needed in order for the application of fire-resistant steel in building structures. In this study, a series of fire-resistant steel columns was loaded to their ultimate states at specified temperature. The effects of width-thickness ratios, slenderness ratios and residual stress on the performance of fire-resistant steel H-columns are examined. Based on this study, it is found that the section property of fire-resistant H-columns should be at least a non-compact section in order to prevent local buckling. Column strength is sensitive to slenderness ratio at elevated temperature. The strength of a slender column decreased sharply especially for temperatures above 600 ^°C. It is also found that the failure mode of steel columns changed from inelastic global buckling at room temperature to local buckling at elevated temperature, due to the release of residual stress in fire. An analytical model is proposed which is able to predict the behavior of fire-resistant steel H-columns under elevated temperature. Design guidelines are also proposed for the design of fire-resistant steel columns in fire conditions.     

Flush Endplate Connections in Fire: Time-Dependent Behavior of Tension Bolts

Steel connections play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and stability of steel building frames especially when exposed to fire temperatures. The behavior of flush endplate connections in fire is shown to be governed by tension bolt failure as bolts lose their strength and stiffness more rapidly at higher temperatures. As a result, the ability to predict the development of stresses in tension bolts of flush endplate connections at different stages of fire is of special importance. One of the factors influencing bolt stresses in fire is the thermal creep or time-dependent inelastic response of steel to elevated temperatures. Therefore, time- and temperature-dependent behavior of tension bolts of flush endplate connections in fire is the focus of this study. Stress-time histories in tension bolts are obtained by explicit consideration of thermal creep of steel in FE models of flush endplate connections at elevated temperatures. To better understand the effect of thermal creep on tension bolt behavior, the correlation between time-dependent rotational deformation of flush endplate connections and bolt stresses is also investigated. Further, the isochronous representation is utilized to study the rotational deformation and the tension bolt stresses under various applied moments ranging from 50% to 95% of the moment capacity and fire temperatures ranging from 450°C to 600°C with 25°C increment. Through such representation, it is indicated that the connection behavior is not only dependent on bolt strength degradation and applied moment, but also affected by the time duration of applied moments and temperatures. Also, with the inclusion of thermal creep of steel, the connection experiences higher rotation and excessive endplate deformation with stress relaxation leading to top tension bolt failure at earlier stages of fire. More specifically, for time exposure greater than or equal to 60 min, the failure temperature of the connection decreases from 600°C to around 550°C. Therefore, neglecting thermal creep of structural steel may result in an unsafe prediction of the overall response of flush endplate connections in fire.     

Plastic shear buckling of unstiffened stocky plates

A number of moderate to stocky steel and aluminum plates, with various slenderness ratios and boundary conditions are numerically analyzed under the action of pure in-plane shear and the results are validated against available analytical methods. Numerical non-linear finite element analyses are performed to assess different theoretical approaches and to picture buckling behaviors of moderate stocky plates. It is observed that while thick stocky plates possess some post-yield capacity during the hardening stage prior to plastic buckling, moderately thick plates yield and buckle concurrently followed by softening due to sudden loss of stiffness. It is also concluded that changes in the modulus of elasticity and shear modulus should be considered in the analysis and that the secondary bending stresses induced by initial out-of-plane curvature can cause significant reduction in the post-yield capacity and ultimate resistance of stocky plates.     

高强度钢柱高温下承载力数值计算方法

为了对建筑结构中的高强度钢柱进行抗火设计和验算,研究了高强度钢柱在高温下的极限承载力数值计算方法.考虑温度对高强度钢材力学性能的影响,对常温下钢柱极限承载力计算的逆算单元长度法进行了延伸,编制了高温下高强度钢柱极限承载力计算程序.采用编制的程序对高强度钢柱在高温下的极限承载力进行了计算,将计算结果与有限元分析结果进行了...     

Performance of steel H columns loaded under uniform temperature

This paper presents the experimental results for a series of H steel columns under fire load. The width-to-thickness ratio of steel plates and the slenderness ratios of steel columns are two dominating factors linked to local buckling and global buckling of columns, respectively. To evaluate the influence of these two factors on the structural behavior of steel columns in fire conditions, a series of H steel columns were loaded to their limit states at specified temperature levels. The steady state method has been adopted in order to derive the structural behavior of steel columns at specified temperatures directly.On the basis of the experimental results, it has been found that steel columns with non-compact section are able to reach yield strength at elevated temperature. That is, the width-to-thickness ratio, designed in accordance with current ambient temperature specifications, is capable of preventing brittle failure of steel columns in fire conditions. Depending on the slenderness ratio, the failure of steel columns may change from global buckling at ambient temperature to local buckling at elevated temperature. For plastic section columns with a slenderness ratio greater than 50, column strength drops dramatically to 40% of its strength at ambient temperature. At temperature levels of 500 ^°C, the column retains more than 70% of its ambient temperature strength if the slenderness ratio of the column is less than 50. However, in the case of temperature levels exceeding 500 ^°C, or when the slenderness ratio is greater than 50, column strength drops significantly. On the basis of this study, it is tentatively suggested that 500 ^°C be adopted as the critical temperature for steel members subjected to compression in order to ensure that the column strength keeps higher than 2/3 of the ambient temperature yield strength. The slenderness ratio of steel columns should be limited to 50, so as to prevent brittle failure of steel columns under fire attack.     

矩形钢管混凝土异形柱-钢梁框架节点受剪承载力研究

在矩形钢管混凝土异形柱-钢梁节点试验研究的基础上,对节点的破坏特征及影响因素进行分析,结果表明矩形钢管混凝土异形柱-钢梁框架节点的破坏模式主要是节点域发生剪切斜压破坏,其受力机理为钢桁架、混凝土主斜压杆和约束斜压杆的综合作用。在此基础上,将节点域抗剪贡献分为三部分进行研究,包括节点域钢管腹板的抗剪贡献、节点域混凝土主斜压杆的抗剪贡献和约束斜压杆的抗剪贡献。根据试验结果和力学分析,推导了节点区柱腹板剪力计算式;由虚功原理得出节点区混凝土约束斜压杆的承载力计算式;通过对试验数据的回归分析,得到核心区混凝土主斜压杆的承载力计算式;最后提出了矩形钢管混凝土异形柱 钢梁框架节点屈服剪力和极限剪力的计算式,该计算式不仅考虑了柱轴力对节点区实际受力状态的影响,而且考虑了钢管对混凝土的约束作用。对比结果表明,采用计算式得到的结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

钢管混凝土柱耐火极限和防火设计实用方法研究

在对钢管混凝土柱耐火极限试验研究和理论分析结果的基础上 ,分析了组成钢管 (高强 )混凝土的材料强度、截面含钢率、截面直径、构件长细比和荷载偏心率等参数对ISO 83 4标准火灾作用下 ,柱构件承载力的影响 ,提出了承载力和防火保护层厚度实用计算方法。最后 ,简要介绍了深圳赛格广场大厦和杭州瑞丰、商业大厦钢管混凝土柱防火保护设计方法 ,可供有关工程参考     

整体结构中钢筋混凝土双向板火灾试验研究

利用自行研制的火灾试验炉,对足尺整体结构中钢筋混凝土双向板在火灾作用下的性能进行试验研究。介绍了整体结构足尺模型与火灾试验炉的设计、试验方案以及观测内容和方法,描述了试验现象及板的破坏特征,研究了双向板在受火过程中沿板厚的温度场分布规律以及板平面外和平面内的变形。结果表明：火灾作用下,沿板厚存在非线性温度场及较大的温度梯度;整体结构中相邻未受火构件的约束对受火双向板的火灾行为影响显著;主裂缝出现在受火板板顶靠近内板边的1/4跨度处（板顶负弯矩钢筋截断处）,由于结构连续性及相邻构件间的互相约束,与受火板相邻的未受火板顶也出现了规则裂缝;受火板顶主裂缝的形成和发展引起板内弯矩重分布,导致最大平面外位移最终发生在距板中心不远,偏向于内板边的位置;整体结构中钢筋混凝土双向板具有较好的抗火性能。     

Interaction of breathing with the cumulation of damage in the webs of steel plate girders

The contribution describes the main results of two Prague experimental investigations into the ‘breathing’ of slender steel webs, the first of them focusing on web breathing under repeated partial edge loading and the other upon that under repeated shear. The effect of the initiation and propagation of cracks in breathing webs on the failure mechanisms and the ultimate load behaviour of steel plate girders is studied.