Second-order inelastic dynamic analysis of steel frames using fiber hinge method

This paper presents a simple and effective numerical procedure for the nonlinear inelastic dynamic analysis of steel frames under dynamic loadings which considers both geometric and material nonlinearities. The geometric nonlinearities are included by using stability functions obtained from the exact stability solution of a beam-column subjected to axial force and bending moments. The spread of plasticity over the cross section and along the member length is captured by tracing the uniaxial stress-strain relations of each fiber on the cross-sections located at the integration points along the member length. A computer program utilizing the average acceleration method for the integration scheme is developed to numerically solve the equations of motion. The obtained results are compared with those generated by ABAQUS to illustrate the accuracy and the computational efficiency of the proposed procedure.     

支撑—异形柱钢框架结构的静力弹塑性分析

简述了Push-over方法的基本原理,并运用ETABS对柱截面积相同、柱形(H形柱,异形柱)不同的支撑—钢框架结构进行弹塑性分析,发现了支撑—异形柱钢框架结构抗震性能优于纯钢框架结构,支撑—异形柱钢框架较支撑—H形柱钢框架弱侧抗侧能力更好等优点。     

Nonlinear analysis of 3-D steel frames

In this paper, a nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional steel frames is developed. This analysis accounts for material and geometric nonlinearities. The material nonlinearity considers the gradual yielding associated with member forces. The geometric nonlinearity includes the second-order effects associated with P-δ and P-Δ. The material nonlinearity at a section is considered using the concept of the P–M hinge consisting of many fibers. The geometric nonlinearity is considered by the use of stability functions. The modified incremental displacement method is used as the solution technique. The load–displacement relationships predicted by the proposed analysis compare well with those given by other approaches.     

Investigation on the behavior of brick-infilled steel frames with openings, experimental and analytical approaches

This article deals with an experimental program to investigate the in-plane seismic behavior of steel frames with clay brick masonry infills having openings. Six large-scale, single-story, single-bay frame specimens were tested under in-plane cyclic loading applied at roof level. The infill panel specimens included masonry infills having central openings of various dimensions. The experimental results indicate that infill panels with and without openings can improve the seismic performance of steel frames and the amount of cumulative dissipated energy of the infill panels with openings, at ultimate state are almost identical. Furthermore, contrary to the literature, the results indicate that infilled frames with openings are not always more ductile than the ones with solid infill. It seems that the ductility of such frames depends on the failure mode of infill piers. This experimental investigation shows that infilled frames with openings experienced pier diagonal tension or toe crushing failure and have smaller ductility factors than those frames with solid infill. Furthermore, a simple analytical method is proposed to estimate the maximum shear capacity of masonry infilled steel frames with window and door openings.     

Nonlinear inelastic analysis of space frames

In this paper, a fiber beam-column element which considers both geometric and material nonlinearities is presented. The geometric nonlinearities are captured using stability functions obtained from the exact stability solution of a beam-column subjected to axial force and bending moments. The material nonlinearities are included by tracing the uniaxial stress-strain relationship of each fiber on the cross sections. The nonlinear equilibrium equations are solved using an incremental iterative scheme based on the generalized displacement control method. Using only one element per member in structure modeling, the nonlinear responses predicted by the proposed element compare well with those given by commercial finite element packages and other available results. Numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed element.     

Progressive collapse design of seismic steel frames using structural optimization

This paper uses structural optimization techniques to cost-effectively design seismic steel moment frames with enhanced resistance to progressive collapse, which is triggered by the sudden removal of critical columns. The potential for progressive collapse is assessed using the alternate path method with each of the three analysis procedures (i.e., linear static, nonlinear static, and nonlinear dynamic), as provided in the United States Department of Defense United Facilities Criteria (UFC) Design of Buildings to Resist Progressive Collapse. As a numerical example, member sizes of a two-dimensional, nine-story, three-bay regular steel immediate moment frame are optimally determined such that the total steel weight is minimized while the design satisfies both AISC seismic provisions and UFC progressive collapse requirements. Optimization results for the example frame reveal that the traditional minimum weight seismic design, which does not explicitly consider progressive collapse, fails to meet the UFC alternate path criteria associated with any analysis procedure. Progressive collapse design optimization using the linear static procedure produces the most conservative and consequently heaviest design against progressive collapse. In contrast, the more accurate nonlinear static and dynamic procedures lead to more economical designs with UFC-acceptable resistance to progressive collapse, at the expenses of considerable modeling and computing efforts.     

Influence of particle contact models on soil response of poorly graded sand during cavity expansion in discrete element simulation

The discrete element method (DEM) has been extensively adopted to investigate many complex geotechnical related problems due to its capability to incorporate the discontinuous nature of granular materials. In particular, when simulating large deformations or distortion of soil (e.g. cavity expansion), DEM can be very effective as other numerical solutions may experience convergence problems. Cavity expansion theory has widespread applications in geotechnical engineering, particularly to the problems concerning in situ testing, pile installation and so forth. In addition, the behaviour of geomaterials in a macro-level is utterly determined by microscopic properties, highlighting the importance of contact models. Despite the fact that there are numerous contact models proposed to mimic the realistic behaviour of granular materials, there are lack of studies on the effects of these contact models on the soil response. Hence, in this study, a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations with different contact constitutive models was conducted to simulate the response of sandy soils during cylindrical cavity expansion. In this numerical investigation, three contact models, i.e. linear contact model, rolling resistance contact model, and Hertz contact model, are considered. It should be noted that the former two models are linear based models, providing linearly elastic and frictional plasticity behaviours, whereas the latter one consists of nonlinear formulation based on an approximation of the theory of Mindlin and Deresiewicz. To examine the effects of these contact models, several cylindrical cavities were created and expanded gradually from an initial radius of 0.055 m to a final radius of 0.1 m. The numerical predictions confirm that the calibrated contact models produced similar results regarding the variations of cavity pressure, radial stress, deviatoric stress, volumetric strain, as well as the soil radial displacement. However, the linear contact model may result in inaccurate predictions when highly angular soil particles are involved. In addition, considering the excessive soil displacement induced by the pile installation (i.e. cavity expansion), a minimum distance of 11a (a is the cavity radius) is recommend for practicing engineers to avoid the potential damages to the existing piles and adjacent structures.     

Consistent virtual work approach for the nonlinear and postbuckling analysis of steel frames under thermal and mechanical loadings

The aim of this paper is to provide a consistent virtual work formulation for the nonlinear and postbuckling analysis of steel frames at high temperatures. Central to this study is the derivation of the virtual work terms for the thermal stage, in addition to those for the loading stage, based on the updated Lagrangian formulation. The incremental stiffness equation derived for the beam element, considering both the geometrical and thermal effects, is qualified by the rigid body test. The generalized displacement control (GDC) method is adopted as the path-tracing scheme for postbuckling response. Eurocode-3 reduction factors and transformed section method are both adopted for steel I-sections. Two loading cases are studied. For structures loaded gradually under constant temperature, the critical or ultimate loading strength is obtained from the load-deflection curve. For structures heated gradually under constant loading, the critical or maximum temperature that can be sustained by the structure is computed. Conclusions are drawn for the examples studied in this paper.     

巨型钢框架—索支撑结构中索突然失效的响应

针对巨型钢框架—预应力索支撑结构中拉索突然失效的响应过程这一传统有限元法难以解决的强非线性问题,采用自编向量式有限元程序模拟了典型巨型钢框架—预应力索支撑结构中索从静止到突然断裂的全部动态过程,并与有限元软件ANSYS计算的结果比较,结果表明,断索后结构水平位移主要因侧向刚度突变产生,索卸载冲击的动效应对位移影响不明显,但对内力影响很大,个别构件动内力可达静止后的近两倍。结构内力重分布情况随断索位置不同有很大差别,设计时应考虑不同的预应力荷载组合。     

不规则有侧移钢框架二阶弹性分析

对几类典型的不规则有侧移钢框架进行了一阶和二阶弹性分析,采用有限元方法得到了框架的二阶精确分析结果,并与现行《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003)给出的二阶分析近似方法的计算结果进行了比较,分析了不规则钢框架的二阶效应以及规范近似方法对不规则框架的适用性,分析结果可供设计人员参考。     

高层钢框架考虑损伤累积效应的地震倒塌分析方法

针对结构倒塌破坏的不确定性,提出一种用于高层钢框架结构在强震作用下结构倒塌全过程模拟的数值方法,该方法采用基于中心差分法的显式积分格式,通过定义结构的层损伤,将修正的K&K模型应用到结构中,以考虑结构在地震作用下强度和刚度的退化规律。通过编制有限元程序将该方法用于分析20层benchmark模型结构倒塌全过程和倒塌机理。分析表明,该考虑材料损伤累积效应的方法能更精确地确定高层钢框架结构的失效极限荷载,且在未知结构的失效破坏模式前提下,可较好地模拟在地震作用下结构的失效路径以及倒塌全过程和揭示结构的倒塌机理。     

Seismic assessment of steel frames with the endurance time method

In the endurance time (ET) method, structures are subjected to a specially designed intensifying ground acceleration function and their performance is judged based on their response at various excitation levels. A range of equivalent intensities can be covered in a single numerical or experimental simulation, thus significantly reducing the computational demand as compared to full nonlinear response-history analyses. The applied excitation intensity at various times has been correlated with those of the scaled ground motions. Response spectra of seven ground motions on stiff soil were used to produce intensifying acceleration functions that at each time window produce a response spectrum that is compatible with the template spectrum and proportionally scale up with time. The drift ratios and plastic hinge rotations compare well with those from ground motions in steel frames with various numbers of stories and bays. The locations of plastic hinges are also predicted quite satisfactorily by ET analysis. The sensitivity of the results to the selection of a particular set of ground motions is also studied.     

钢框架内填混凝土墙结构体系有限元分析

对钢框架—内填混凝土墙结构体系进行了非线性有限元分析,得到了该体系在单向荷载作用下的变形及应力分布状况。为了简化计算,采用对角单压杆模型模拟内填墙的受力特性,并将计算结果同有限元实体模型以及纯钢框架模型结果进行比较,得出了一些结论。     

钢桁架连梁非线性有限元分析

考虑混凝土和韧性金属损伤塑性模型,对钢桁架连梁的受力性能进行了非线性有限元分析。通过试验研究与理论分析的对比,表明本文的非线性有限元分析方法具有较高的精度。通过本文的参数分析表明:只有在增强弦杆和腹杆的同时使两者相互匹配,才能保证结构承载力和延性的提升,单纯增强弦杆或腹杆可能导致结构受力的不协调,增加直腹杆能有效的提高结构的极限承载力。     

钢框架梁柱节点力学性能研究

在美国的Northridge地震和日本阪神地震中,钢框架梁柱刚性连接节点发生严重的脆性破坏现象,显示出节点构造还不尽合理,需对其进行构造改进.文中提出三种改进方式,通过对改进后节点的有限元计算分析,结果表明:在反复荷载作用下,改进节点强度和刚度较好,能够满足我国抗震规范的要求;塑性铰外移,改善节点区的力学性能;加载到极限状态时,节点域变形很小,满足强节点弱杆件的抗震设计原则;且节点构造简单,易于工地现场施工.     

波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁非线性有限元模型

本文采用有限元软件Abaqus,通过采用合理的材料本构关系,对波形钢腹板PC组合箱梁进行建模,建模过程中考虑了体外预应力索的滑移及连接部位的模拟。通过对试验梁的非线性有限元分析知,有限元模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好,因此,本文有限元模型的建立可供相火的研究提供参考。     

New method of inelastic buckling analysis for steel frames

In general, the concept of bifurcation stability cannot be used to evaluate the critical load of typical steel frames that have geometric imperfections and primary bending moment due to transverse loads. These cases require a plastic zone or plastic hinge analysis based on the concept of limit-load stability instead. However, such analyses require large computation times and complicated theories that are unsuitable for practical designs. The present paper proposes a new method of inelastic buckling analysis in order to determine the critical load of steel frames. This inelastic analysis is based on the concept of modified bifurcation stability using a tangent modulus approach and the column strength curve. Criteria for an iterative eigenvalue analysis are proposed in order to consider the primary bending moment as well as the axial force by using the interaction equation for beam-column members. The validity and applicability of the proposed inelastic buckling analysis were evaluated alongside elastic buckling analysis and refined plastic hinge analysis. Simple columns with geometric imperfections and a four-story plane frame were analyzed as benchmark problems. The results show that the proposed inelastic buckling analysis suitably evaluates the critical load and failure modes of steel frames, and can be a good alternative for the evaluation of critical load in the design of steel frames.     

型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点受力性能非线性分析

在型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点拟静力试验基础上,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了组合框架节点的数值计算模型,对该组合框架节点在水平荷载作用下的受力非线性行为进行了有限元分析,获取了组合框架节点的破坏过程、破坏形态、应力云图、荷载-位移曲线及荷载特征值,并对节点的承载力计算值与试验值进行了比较,验证了有限元计算模型...     

门式钢管脚手架稳定承载力的有限元分析

为了对新型门式钢管脚手架的承载性能有充分的认识,保证其安全性,提出较准确的有限元分析模型以供参考.本文在对由两种新型门架（MF0817、MF1017）组成的三步六跨门式钢管脚手架承载性能进行试验研究并将其简化为平面框架进行稳定计算的基础上,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对3组脚手架试验方案进行数值模拟计算,包括特征值屈曲分析以及考虑构件的初始缺陷和结构的几何非线性的极限承载力分析,并将有限元分析结果与试验结果及解析解进行对比.分析结果表明,构件的初始缺陷对脚手架的稳定承载力影响较大,有限元分析结果与试验研究结果吻合较好,本文所建的有限元模型能较真实地反映结构实际受力情况.     

钢管混凝土拱桥有限元模拟及动力分析

阐述了利用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立钢管混凝土拱桥的计算模型的方法,并利用有限元模型对桥梁进行了理论模态分析,计算出自振频率、振型等动力参数,对其振型特征进行了分析和研究,以期全面的评价桥梁结构的动力性能。