Analysis of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of two-phase flow based on an improved matrix pencil method☆

Gas–liquid two-phase flow is complex and has uncertainty in phase interfaces, which make the two-phase flow look very complicated. Even though the flow behavior(e.g. coalescence, crushing and separation) of single bubble or bubble groups in the liquid phase looks random, combining some established characteristics and methodologies can find regularities among the randomness. In order to excavate the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of gas–liquid two-phase flow, the authors developed an improved matrix pencil(IMP) method to analyze the pressure difference signals of the two-phase flow. This paper elucidates the influence of signal length on MP calculation results and the anti-noise-interference ability of the MP method. An IMP algorithm was applied to the fluctuation signals of gas–liquid two-phase flow to extract the mode frequency and damping ratio, which were combined with the component energy index(CEI) entropy to identify the different flow patterns. It is also found that frequency, damping ratio, CEI entropy and stability diagram together not only identify flow patterns, but also provide a new way to examine and understand the evolution mechanism of physical dynamics embedded in flow patterns. Combining these characteristics and methods, the evolution of the nonlinear dynamic physical behavior of gas bubbles is revealed.     

非牛顿流体中垂直上升油气水三相泡状流及段塞流的动力学特性非线性检验(英文)

Based on the conductance fluctuation signals measured from vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow experiment, time frequency representation and surrogate data method were used to investigate dynamical characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows. The results indicate that oil-in-water type bubble flow will turn to deterministic motion with the increase of oil phase fraction f o and superficial gas velocity U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture Q mix . The dynamics of oil-in-water type slug flow becomes more complex with the increase of U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture. The change of f o leads to irregular influence on the dynamics of slug flow. These interesting findings suggest that the surrogate data method can be a faithful tool for characterizing dynamic characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows.     

气液两相流的多尺度混沌特性分析

Using the high-speed camera the time sequences of the classical flow patterns of horizontal gas-liquid pipe flow are recorded, from which the average gray-scale values of single-frame images are extracted. Thus obtained gray-scale time series is decomposed by the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method, the various scales of the signals are processed by Hurst exponent method, and then the dual-fractal characteristics are obtained. The scattered bubble and the bubble cluster theories are applied to the evolution analysis of two-phase flow patterns. At the same time the various signals are checked in the chaotic recursion chart by which the two typical characteristics (diagonal average length and Shannon entropy) are obtained. Resulting term of these properties, the dynamic characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the evolution paths of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns can be well characterized by the integrated analysis on the basis of the gray-scale time series of flowing images from EMD, Hurst exponents and Recurrence Plot (RP). In the middle frequency section (2nd, 3rd, 4th scales), three flow patterns decomposed by the EMD exhibit dual fractal characteristics which represent the dynamic features of bubble cluster, single bubble, slug bubble and scattered bubble. According to the change of diagonal average lengths and recursive Shannon entropy characteristic value, the structure deterministic of the slug flow is better than the other two patterns. After the decomposition by EMD the slug flow and the mist flow in the high frequency section have obvious peaks. Anyway, it is an effective way to understand and characterize the dynamic characteristics of two-phase flow patterns using the multi-scale non-linear analysis method based on image gray-scale fluctuation signals.     

利用符号时间序列分析法表征垂直上升管中油水两相流流型

The flow patterns of oil/water two-phase flow in vertical upward pipes were characterized by the analysis of symbolic time series based on the conductance fluctuating signals. The study showed that the symbolic sequence temporal irreversibility Tfb and chi-square χfb^2 statistics had little change with oil-in-water flow pattern variations for water cut (Kw) ranging from 61% to 91% but showed irregular sudden changes with transitional flow pattern variations for water cut 51%. When distinguishing the transitional flow pattern from oil-in-water flow pattern, the symbolic time series analysis method presented more unique characteristics and was a useful assistant diagnostic tool for the identification of oil/water two- phase flow patterns.     

Quantifying growth and breakage of agglomerates in fluid-particle flow using discrete particle method

The cohesive solids in liquid flows are featured by the dynamic growth and breakage of agglomerates, and the difficulties in the development, design and optimization of these systems are related to this significant feature.In this paper, discrete particle method is used to simulate a solid–liquid flow system including millions of cohesive particles, the growth rate and breakage rate of agglomerates are then systematically investigated. It was found that the most probable size of the agglomerates is determined by the balance of growth and breakage of the agglomerates the cross point of the lines of growth rate and breakage rate as a function of the particle numbers in an agglomerate, marks the most stable agglomerate size. The finding here provides a feasible way to quantify the dynamic behaviors of growth and breakage of agglomerates, and therefore offers the possibility of quantifying the effects of agglomerates on the hydrodynamics of fluid flows with cohesive particles.     

Hydrate agglomeration modeling and pipeline hydrate slurry flow behavior simulation

Dynamic modeling and numerical simulation of hydrate slurry flow behavior are of great importance to offshore hydrate management.For this purpose, a dynamic model of hydrate agglomeration was proposed in this paper.Based on population balance equation, the frame of the dynamic model was established first, which took both hydrate agglomeration and hydrate breakage into consideration.Then, the calculating methods of four key parameters involved in the dynamic model were given according to hydrate agglomeration dynamics.The four key parameters are collision frequency, agglomeration efficiency, breakage frequency and the size distribution of sub particles resulting from particle breakage.After the whole dynamic model was built, it was combined with several traditional solid–liquid flow models and then together solved by the CFD software FLUENT 14.5.Finally, using this method, the influences of flow rate and hydrate volume fraction on hydrate particle size distribution, hydrate volume concentration distribution and pipeline pressure drop were simulated and analyzed.     

垂直管中零净液流量气液两相流的持液率研究

Zero net-liquid flow (ZNLF) is a special case of upward gas-liquid two-phase flow. It is a phenomenon observed as a gas-liquid mixture flows in a conduit but the net liquid flow rate is zero. Investigation on the liquid holdup of ZNLF is conducted in a vertical ten-meter tube with diameter of 76 mm, both for Newtonian and nonNewtonian fluids. The gas phase is air. The Newtonian fluid is water and the non-Newtonian fluids are water-based guar gel solutions. The correlations developed for predicting liquid holdup on the basis of Lockhart-Martinelli parameter are not suitable to ZNLF. A constitutive correlation for the liquid holdup of vertical ZNLF was put forward by using the mass balance. It is found that the liquid holdup in ZNLF is dependent on both the gas flow rate and the flow distribution coefficient.     

螺旋片导流式气液分离器的数值模拟与试验研究

The gas/liquid spiral separator, a key component in the compressed air system, was used to remove liquid and oil from gas stream by centrifugal and gravitational forces. To optimize the design of the separator, the relationship between the performance and structural parameters of separators is studied. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is employed to simulate the flow fields and calculate the pressure drop and separation efficiency of air-liquid spiral separators with different structural parameters. The RSM （Reynolds stress model） turbulence model is used to analyze the highly swirling flow fields while the stochastic trajectory model is used to simulate the traces of liquid droplets in the flow field. A simplified calculation formula of pressure drop in spiral structures is obtained by modifying Darcy＇s equation and verified by experiment.     

Effects of Orifice Orientation and Gas-Liquid Flow Pattern on Initial Bubble Size

In many gasliquid processes, the initial bubble size is determined by a series of operation parameters along with the sparger design and gasliquid flow pattern. Bubble formation models for variant gasliquid flow pat terns have been developed based on force balance. The effects of the orientation of gasliquid flow, gas velocity, liquid velocity and orifice diameter on the initial bubble size have been clarified. In ambient airwater system, thesultable gasllquid flow pattern is important to obtain smaller bubbles under the low velocity liquid crossflow con ditions with stainless steel spargers. Among the four types of gasliquid flow patterns discussed, the horizontal orifice in a vertically upward liquid flow produces the smallest initial bubbles. However the orientation effects of gas and liquid flow are found tobe insgnifican whenliq.uid velocity is.higher than. 3.2 m;sa or theorifice diameter is small enough.     

基于图像纹理分析的两相流流型时空演化特性

为了研究气液两相流流动结构时空演化特征,在水流量为0.02~0.4 m·s^-1及气流量为0.005~2.7 m·s^-1 的流动范围内,对垂直及倾斜30°上升的气液两相管流中的七种典型流型采集了动态图像信息。在流型图像特征分析中采用了灰度共生矩阵法对图像局部邻域内的二维信息进行量化表征,提取了六种反映不同流型动态图像纹理结构的时变特征参数,对流型生长过程中流动结构变化进行了分析。研究结果表明：流型图像纹理结构特征动态参数演化趋势刻画了不同流型流动结构差异及动力学复杂性,该分析方法有助于理解气液两相流流动结构时空演化特征,也是气液两相流流型辨识的有效手段。     

基于声发射技术的垂直管气液两相流动检测方法

声发射（AE）作为一种无损检测手段,用于气液两相流的测量具有非侵入式、测量不破坏被测管道及流场分布,信号强、灵敏度高等优点。利用声发射技术在河北大学垂直管气液两相流管道上进行了大量实验,运用现代信息数据处理方法对气液两相流垂直管道流型特征参数进行了提取。分析结果表明利用声发射手段提取出的流型特征参数可以反映出典型流型下的动力学特征。垂直管道中,泡状流、弹状流、环状流以及过渡状态下的乳沫状流在时域和频域信号中有着明显区别,小波能量和小波包分解后的信息熵的值也存在较大的差异性,从另一角度验证了在不同流型下两相流体在管道内部不同的运动状态,利用模式识别的思想,对垂直管4种典型流型进行了流型识别,取得了较好的效果,研究结果表明声发射技术可以作为一种技术手段用于气液两相流流动的检测。     

气液两相流电容传感器相浓度测量特性

为了考察两种电容传感器(对壁式及双螺旋式)测量气液两相流相浓度的适应性,搭建了垂直上升气液两相流电容传感器测量系统。实验表明对壁式电容传感器测量分辨率较差,而双螺旋式电容传感器对相浓度具有较高的分辨能力。采用时频分析方法对电容传感器波动信号进行了分析,发现两种电容传感器的时频联合表达均能清晰地表征流型运动特征,并可对流型进行有效辨识。最后,基于双螺旋式电容传感器测量信号,建立了气液两相流漂移模型,取得了对段塞流和混状流分相表观流速较好的预测结果。研究表明,双螺旋式电容传感器在气液两相流流动参数测量上具有较好的应用前景。     

两相流流动结构多尺度复杂熵因果关系平面特征

采用一种新的信息熵理论分析了气液两相流流动结构动力学特征。首先考察了典型混沌时间序列的多尺度复杂熵因果关系平面特征,然后将该方法应用于气液两相流3种典型流型(泡状流、段塞流及混状流)的电导传感器波动信号处理,结果表明单尺度复杂熵因果关系平面能够对不同流型线性识别。此外发现多尺度复杂熵因果关系平面能够描述流动结构信息随尺度增加的连续丢失过程,反映了气液两相流流动结构稳定性及复杂性,是理解两相流流动结构非线性动力学特性的一种有用分析工具。     

垂直同心环形管内上升气液团状流向环状流的转换

对垂直同心环形管内上升气液团状流向环状流的转换进行了研究 .根据团状流及环状流的流动特性 ,并考虑同心环形管的结构特征 ,建立了垂直同心环形管上升气液团状流向环状流转换的新的理论模型 .通过本文的实验数据及其他研究者的实验数据对该模型的预测性能进行了检验 ,并与其他研究者的模型进行了比较 .结果表明本文的转换模型预测性能较好     

基于自适应最优核和卷积神经网络的气液两相流流型识别方法

为了研究气液两相流的动态特性,以及解决提取的特征值少而没有代表性导致识别率不高的传统问题,利用V锥流量计和动态差压传感器获取气液两相流在不同流型下的波动信号,采用自适应最优核算法对获取的动态信号进行时频分析,把一维时域信号转换为三维的时频谱图,能够清晰描述出管道内气液两相流的流动状态。将不同流型的时频谱图通过卷积神经网络（CNN）进行学习并自动提取相应的特征值,然后使用Softmax分类器进行训练从而实现流型识别。通过对几种常见流型进行试验与分析发现,采用时频谱图结合卷积神经网络的深度学习方法识别气液两相流流型,克服了传统流型识别方法特征值提取的不足之处,能够更贴切地描述气液两相流的动态特征。此方法可以进一步研究更多种类的流型以及空隙率等。     

多尺度熵在棒束通道气液两相流压差信号分析中的应用

棒束通道气液两相流的压差信号是非线性的,多尺度熵法在分析非线性信号方面效果较好。运用多尺度熵对压差信号进行分析,在7×7棒束通道的气液两相流实验台上采集压差信号,针对104种流动条件4种流型的压差时间序列分析其多尺度熵特征。研究发现：小尺度（前8个）下的多尺度熵率可以准确区分棒束通道4种流型;大尺度下的样本熵变化趋势可以揭示4种流型的动力学特性。     

非线性振动下水平通道气液两相流动

将振动装置与气液两相流实验回路相结合,对非线性振动工况下水平通道内气液两相流进行实验研究。重点考察了不同振动参数对流型转换界限及摩擦压降的影响。流型图表明,非线性振动工况和稳态工况下的气液两相流动形式不同,提高振动的频率和幅度会导致流型转换界限发生改变。由实验得到的气液界面分布结果表明,振动频率对相界面波动程度有显著影响,而振动幅度则主要影响截面含气率。最后对比了非线性振动工况下的摩擦压降和经验公式的计算结果,发现两者在数值和分布上均无明显差异,说明稳态下两相流摩擦压降计算公式同样适用于非线性振动工况。     

U形弯头单元内气液两相流型及压降波动特性

对空气-水两相流在内径16 mm、弯曲半径100 mm的横向U形弯头单元内向上流动时的流型进行了实验研究。利用流动可视化技术及其相应压降波动规律实现了流型的客观识别。总结了不同流型的压降波动特性并据此提出了定量识别流型的新方法。实验范围内发现了分层-搅拌流、塞状-泡状流、段塞-波形流、环状-波形流和环状弥散流等5种与水平直管和垂直直管不同的流型。相比标准偏差,压降波动的功率谱（PSD）分布能更好地反映U形弯头单元内不同流型的流态演变特征与动力学特性。PSD分布的偏度或峰度与气液表观流速比的结合可以定量客观地识别U形弯头单元内的流型,流型转变时的气液表观流速比为1和13。