四流中间包气幕挡墙水模拟研究

采用不同参数的多孔透气砖进行了25 t四流中间包的底部吹气水模拟实验,结合RTD曲线和标准差分析,研究透气砖面积(210～105 mm×56～28 mm) 、4种吹气位置和吹气量(60～120 L/h)对中间包液体流动特性的影响,并与不吹气的情况进行了对比。结果表明,中间包吹气能改善液体的流动特性,均衡其在不同水口间的停留时间,并能延长峰值时间和降低死区体积。透气砖靠近挡墙,采用小气量和小面积更有利于改善现有中间包流场。     

Numerical and Physical Simulation of Flow Patterns in a Swirling Flow Tundish

Swirling flow tundish is a new kind of tundish which has shown good effects on flotation of inclusion and reduction of inclusion content. In this paper, studies have been carried out on the flow fields in a one‐strand slab tundish. A full scale model of the flow patterns in the water model tundish was developed using a self‐developed code. RTD curves under different experimental conditions were obtained from both physical and numerical simulations. The effects of the swirling flow chamber geometry and the flowrate on flow patters in the tundish were discussed and compared with results from the numerical simulation. Validation of the self‐developed codes was achieved by comparing the physical and numerical results of the RTD curves and the mean rotational velocities in swirling flow tundish. As a result, significant rotational flow in the swirling flow chamber and asymmetrical flow pattern in the whole tundish were confirmed and the effects of these parameters on dead zone and mean residence time were also obtained. Further and more comprehensive studies are needed to optimize the design and application of such tundishes.     

A new approach to the analysis of vessel residence time distribution curves

Mathematical models for the evaluation of residence time distribution (RTD) curves on a large variety of vessels are presented. These models have been constructed by combination of different tanks or volumes. In order to obtain a good representation of RTD curves, a new volume (called convection diffusion volume) is introduced. The convection-diffusion volume allows the approximation of different experimental or numerical RTD curves with very simple models. An algorithm has been developed to calculate the parameters of the models for any given set of RTD curve experimental points. Validation of the models is carried out by comparison with experimental RTD curves taken from the literature and with a numerical RTD curve obtained by three-dimensional simulation of the flow inside a tundish.     

基于PXI技术的中间包流场优化的水力学试验

试验利用PXI连铸综合水力学试验平台,采用1∶2的中间包水模型研究坝堰和多孔挡墙对某钢厂180mm×240mm小方坯六流连铸中间包中流动的影响,通过分析不同方案中间包的相关区域的流场特性和停留时间分布曲线（RTD曲线）来得出相关试验结论。试验结果表明,无坝堰和多孔挡墙的中间包内注流区的流体的流动均匀性不好,同时响应时间(7s)和峰值时间(224s)均比较短;优化后的中间包内的流体的流动特性得到较大程度改善,响应时间和峰值时间分别延长99和159s,死区体积减小了45.71%,活塞流体积从12.03%增大到25.47%。     

Fluid Flow and Mixing in Non-Isothermal Water Model of Continuous Casting Tundish

Fluid flow and mixing of molten steel in a twin-slab-strand continuous casting tundish were investigated using a mixing model under non-isothermal conditions.This model led to a set of ordinary differential equations that were solved with a Runge-Kutta algorithm.Steady state water modeling was carried out under non-isothermal conditions.Experimental data obtained from the water model were used to calibrate the mixing model.Owing to the presence of a mixed convection in the non-isothermal conditions,a channelizing flow would be created in the fluid inside the tundish.A mixing model was designed that was capable of predicting RTD（residence time distribution）curves for different cases in non-isothermal conditions.The relationship between RTD parameters and the Tu（tundish Richardson number）was obtained for various cases under non-isothermal conditions.The results show that the RTD parameters were completely different under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.The comparison of the RTD curves between the isothermal and non-isothermal conditions presents that the extent of mixing in the tundish in non-isothermal conditions is lower than the mixing extent in isothermal conditions.     

吹氩连铸中间包内钢液流动特性的水模型实验研究

建立了模拟连铸中间包底吹氩流动过程的水模型.通过测定分析水模型的RTD（停留时间分布）曲线研究了吹气流量、吹气位置及控流元件对中间包内流动特性的影响规律,并对此进行优化.结果表明：条形透气梁安放位置对中间包内的流动特性影响最为显著,均匀开孔的多孔挡墙和条形透气梁喷吹氩气二者的配合使用能获得理想的流动特性.     

八流T形连铸中间包钢水停留时间分布特征研究

基于相似原理,建立了八流连铸中间包的1∶2物理模型,通过水模实验测定了1#～4#控流方案下中间包内的停留时间分布(Residence time distribution,简称RTD).通过推导提出了多流连铸中间包的RTD曲线分析方法,并以此分析了中间包内的流体平均停留时间、流动模式和各流流动一致性,进而对控流装置进行优化选择.研究结果表明,3#控流方案能较好地改善中间包内的流动特征.     

连铸中间包不同控流装置使用效果比较的模拟研究

采用水力学数学模拟的方法,研究了3号多孔挡墙和U挡墙对昆钢小方坯连铸中间包流动特性的影响。水力学模拟依据相似原理,用"刺激—响应"实验方法,测定不同工况下停留时间分布(RTD)曲线,得到两种挡墙对中间包流体流动的影响。然后用数学模拟的方法验证水力学模拟的合理性。研究结果表明:3号多孔挡墙可以延长1号、2号水口响应时间及平均停留时间,缩短了3号水口响应时间及平均停留时间,控制各流流动趋于一致。中间包内流体流动特性得到明显改善。使用U挡墙后,钢液的平均停留时间Ta有了大幅增加,但各水口的初次响应时间差距较大,各流的流动特征一致性较差。因而,3号多孔挡墙控流效果优于U挡墙。     

Investigation of Flow Characteristics in a Six‐Strand CC Tundish Combining Plant Measurements,Physical and Mathematical Modeling

The tundish plays a major role in the continuous casting process. The flow in a tundish has a very substantial effect on the quality of the final product and on efficient casting conditions. Efforts are being made worldwide to obtain the most favourable shape of tundish interior by using dams, weirs and gas curtains. The aim of these flow control devices is to reduce the dead zone areas and improve the conditions for the separation of non‐metallic inclusions. Numerous model studies are being carried out to explain the effect of the tundish working space shape and steel flow conditions on the inclusions floating processes. The presented article shows the results of investigations performed to obtain the mass exchange characteristics in the investigated tundish. The measurements were done directly at the steel plant during normal working conditions. By controlling the changing content of manganese in steel, the residence time distribution (RTD) characteristics were acquired. The RTD characteristics are also obtained with a water model of the tundish with dimensional scale of 1:3. Parallel to the water model, numerical simulation based on mathematical modelling of fluid flow, relying on the system of differential equations, is employed in the research work. Numerical simulations were carried out with the finite‐volume commercial code FLUENT using the standard k‐ε turbulence model. The primary purpose of the investigations carried out is to present the characteristics describing the transitory zone in a six‐strand tundish. It is shown that the F‐curve, describing the transitory zone, can be obtained by using different measurement techniques. Tracer concentration characteristics for the model of tundish obtained from both modelling techniques ‐ physical as well as numerical ‐ are very similar.     

从长水口吹入氩气对中包钢液传输行为的影响

为考察从长水口吹人氩气对中包内钢液流动行为的影响,采用数学和物理模拟的方法对中包内高湍流区流场、气体体积分布和停留时间曲线进行了测定,结果表明：从长水口吹人气体改变了高湍流区的流体流动特征,减弱了钢流对中包底部的冲击,但对示踪剂的停留时间没有明显的影响。     

Optimisation of baffles in six strand round bloom continuous casting tundish: a physical modelling study

Abstract

Physical modelling using water in a one-third scale model was carried out to ascertain the influence of various types of baffles with inclined holes on the liquid flow in a six strand round bloom continuous casting tundish. To characterise the flow in the tundish, residence time distribution (RTD) curves were measured for different types of baffles with inclined holes. Because there is no well known analysis model to characterise the melt flow in multistrand tundishes, a new model was presented to analyse RTD curves and its reasonability was discussed. Furthermore, a new approach for quantifying the similarity among the strands was proposed and the baffle was optimised to improve the inclusion floatation and strand similarity in the tundish.     

中间包控流装置优化的数值模拟及生产应用

以钢液停留时间分布曲线(RTD曲线)为评判标准,利用数学模拟方法,对某钢厂中间包控流装置进行优化设计。结果表明:将原型中间包的挡墙和挡坝间距增大,可以延长钢液平均停留时间,活塞区比例提高了17.15%,死区比例降低了2.2%。目前优化后的包型在现场稳定应用,以管线钢为例,夹杂物合格率提高了5%以上,明显提高了中间包的冶金功能。铸坯大样电解结果表明,优化后的中间包利于夹杂物的上浮去除,夹杂物总量平均为原包型的41.75%。     

Physical and mathematical modeling of pyrometallurgical channel reactors with bottom gas injection: Residence time distribution analysis and ideal- reactor- network model

An ideal-reactor-network model has been developed to describe the fluid flow and mixing observed in pyrometallurgical channel reactors with countercurrent liquid flow and high-strength bottom gas injection. Experiments were performed in a cold model under various operating conditions to determine the effects of liquid density, viscosity, flow rate, gas injection rates, injector diameter, and injector spacing on the residence time distribution (RTD) behavior of the channel reactor. The ideal-reactor-network model was used to represent the experimentally observed RTD behavior in both heavy- and light-liquid phases in the channel reactor. The model requires one parameter for each liquid, and all other model parameters are determined on the basis of this parameter. Correlations were developed for the parameters using dimensionless variables. There is excellent agreement between model predictions and experimental measurements for a wide range of experimental conditions. Scale-up calculations and RTD predictions have been made for a QSL leadmaking reactor as well as for proposed channel reactors for coppermaking and steelmaking.     

Numerical Investigation of the Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Tundish Using Analysis of RTD Curves

 A detailed mathematical procedure of the optimization of the fluid flow in a tundish water model with and without flow control devices (weir and dam) was carried out using the commercial CFD code FLUENT 60. The (k ε) two equation model was used to model turbulence. The residence time distribution (RTD) curves were used to analyze the behavior of the flow in tundish. The location of flow control devices in the tundish was studied. The results show that the flow modifiers play an important role in promoting the floatation of nonmetallic inclusions in steel. Comparing the three geometric configurations that are considered (bare tundish, weir, weir+dam), the tundish equipped with the arrangement (weir+dam) is a best and optimal geometric configuration of tundish.     

Fluid flow behaviour in slab continuous casting tundish with different configurations of gas bubbling curtain

Abstract

Fluid flow characteristics in a two strand slab continuous casting tundish with different configurations of argon gas bubbling curtain (GBC) were investigated in physical modelling experiments. It was found from this research that the GBC with a small flow rate acted as a gas dam and could greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish. It increased dramatically the peak concentration time and plug flow volume, decreased greatly the dead volume, created surface directed flow and eliminated short circuiting. Therefore, the fluid flow characteristics in a tundish with GBC were favourable to the floatation and separation of inclusions from molten steel. The flow characteristics with low gas flow rate and short distance of the bubbling curtain from the tundish outlet were better than those with high gas flow rate and large distance of the curtain to the outlet. The optimal configuration for the improvement in fluid flow characteristics was turbulence inhibitor (TI)–weir–dam–GBC (TI–W–D–GBC), followed by TI–channel weir (CW)–GBC, TI–W–GBC and TI–GBC.     

中间包吹氩去除夹杂物的模拟研究

通过水模型模拟实验,选用苯胺模拟夹杂物,有机硅油模拟中间包渣,研究了中间包吹氩去除夹杂物的效果;通过刺激—响应法测定中间包吹氩RTD曲线,探讨了中间包吹氩去除夹杂物的过程和机理。研究结果表明:在中间包吹氩条件下,活塞区体积分数最大的吹氩位置不一定会得到最大的夹杂物去除效果,在注流区附近吹氩,不但可以提高气泡捕捉夹杂物颗粒的概率,而且促进了夹杂物颗粒相互碰撞长大,去除夹杂物效果更为明显。     

攀钢连铸中间包水力模型实验

参照攀钢提钒炼钢玫连铸中间包尺寸及其连铸工艺参数。用有机玻璃制作一个与实物之比为１：４的物理模型。通过测定中间包内钢液仪时间分布曲线，计算其平均停留时间及死区，活塞区和混合区占中间包容积的百分比。     

25t连铸中间包流场优化水模试验研究

以相似原理为基础,用水模拟钢液研究中间包内的钢水流动特征,通过测定模型中间包内液体的停留时间分布曲线(RTD),计算其平均停留时间及死区、活塞区和混合区的体积。试验表明,经过改进的中间包,其最短停留时间由17s增加到33s,死区体积比则由12.68%降低到7.64%,优化了中间包内的流场。     

薄板坯连铸中间包内抑湍器的模拟研究

控制中间包内钢液的合理流动对夹杂物的排除有重要影响,为此建立了模拟薄板坯连铸中间包流动情况的水模型。通过测定停留时间分布(RTD)曲线,研究了不同组合控流装置对中间包流体流动特性的影响。结果表明,结构及尺寸合理的抑湍器能延长水口响应时间及平均停留时间、提高活塞流区体积分数及降低死区体积分数;抑湍器与单坝组合的控流装置在控制流体流动方面效果极佳,而抑湍器与单墙单坝、单墙双坝组合的控流装置的控流效果不太理想。