基于质量成本的顾客满意度优化模型与实证研究

以顾客满意度为研究对象,分析了影响顾客满意度的质量成本构成要素,建立了基于质量成本的顾客满意度优化模型,通过对某客车公司交货天数和刹车零件标准的实证分析研究,证明了所建模型的正确性,为质量成本和顾客满意度的优化分析研究提供了理论依据和有效方法。     

基于过程-数据模型的制造费用资源优化配置

为优化制造企业的成本资源配置,以过程管理理论为基础,通过在生产过程数据和现场生产活动间建立动态映射关系,描述生产过程和生产数据之间的互动行为,建立了基于过程-数据模型,进行成本资源信息的采集,结合数据包络分析（DEA）和联盟博弈分析方法研究产品生产过程中制造费用资源配置问题,建立了基于核心解的3种制造费用分配模型,采用遗传算法（GA）进行模型求解。通过实际应用验证了此优化配置模型的有效性。     

面向成本的设计方法与技术研究

在分析产品成本相关领域研究的基础上，提出了面向成本的设计方法。根据面向成本的设计方法，在产品概念设计阶段，应用价值工程及ＤＦＡＭ的分析方法，实现产品结构优化。在产品详细设计阶段，通过建立包含制造加工，装配，检测等成本信息的产品模型，实现 技术经济性评价，根据评价结果，及时进行产品再设计，降低产品成本。     

机械制造业质量成本的应用

企业经营的目的是向用户提供产品获得经济效益,从而得以生存和发展。企业所提供的产品质量优异、价格合理是用户所期待的,但前提是产品质量一定要满足要求。如何提高产品质量,质量成本的应用就显得很重要,应用好质量成本,不仅能减少企业的人、财、物的浪费,而且能够提高员工的积极性和工作效率。     

保证成本的统计估计

研究了保证及保证成本，并分别用极大似然法和非参数估计，估计出产品寿命分布参数和更新函数。在此基础上，建立了可修产品和不可修产品在不可更新免费更换保证下的成本模型。最后，通过算例对模型的应用进行了说明。     

基于过程的协同技术在产品质量管理中的应用

通过分析国内外协同质量管理的应用现状和发展趋势,研究企业协同质量管理的方式方法,将基于过程的协同技术应用在产品质量管理中,提出了POD-Q质量管理方式,并在产品全生命周期中应用;在此基础建立上了基于过程的协同产品质量管理模型,实现了产品质量状态信息的实时、有序管理,进而使产品质量在产品全生命周期中得到有效保证,为企业实施协同质量管理提供一个参考模型.     

航空制造企业质量成本与质量检验经济性分析

在高速发展的今天,企业质量的重要性越发凸显,质量第一的观念逐渐深入人心。在航空制造企业的质量管理活动中需要充分重视质量成本和质量检验经济性,平衡质量、成本和效益之间的关系。该文依据质量成本的概念,从检验工作质量、检验方式和检验手段等方面对质量检验经济性进行分析,提出了降低鉴定成本的措施,结合航空制造企业特点,基于全员质量控制思想优化检验流程,促使质量检验成本得到有效的控制。     

融合生产信息的产品检验不确定度评定

为合理减小测量不确定度对产品合格判定的影响,研究融合生产信息的产品检验不确定度评定。建立融合加工信息和测量信息的贝叶斯信息融合模型,基于被测参数后验分布对测量结果及其不确定度进行重新估计,依据信息融合后的结果进行产品合格判定;提出利用质量控制信息计算贝叶斯先验参数的方法。仿真实验和实例分析结果表明,在产品检验不确定度评定中融入生产信息,可有效扩大产品检验合格区,合理减小合格判定的工作量。     

质量净收益与企业持续质量改进的经济性评价

在原有单纯质量成本的质量经济性评价方法的基础上，提出了质量净收益概念和基于质量净收益的质量经济性评价方法，并结合美国通用电气公司和摩托罗拉等跨国公司的实践，对企业进行持续质量改进的经济性进行了探讨和解释。     

企业质量成本核算与管理的标准化

当今社会，企业欲在激烈的竞争中求得生存乃至更好的发展，除了强化产品质量管理以外，必须实行质量成本管理。但目前，国内企业对质量成本管理还不够重视，而且，进行质量成本管理的企业没有将产品质量成本融入到财务成本中去，使得质量成本和财务成本形成“两张皮”现象；本文结合实践，论述了产品质量成本与财务成本如何有机融合并对其开展标准化的方法。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...