氮化硅陶瓷材料微波烧结研究现状

氮化硅是一种具有优良性能的陶瓷材料,是一种理想的高温结构材料和高速切削刀具材料,近年来随着微波技术的发展,氮化硅的微波烧结越来越受关注。本文简述了氮化硅陶瓷材料传统烧结与微波烧结的研究现状;比较分析了各种烧结技术制备的氮化硅陶瓷的微观结构和力学性能,得出了微波烧结氮化硅陶瓷的优越性;最后提出氮化硅陶瓷微波烧结在未来研究中还需解决的问题。     

氮化硅反应烧结的研究进展

氮化硅作为高温功能陶瓷性能优越，但将其制备成陶瓷零件比较困难，目前一般用反应烧结法制备氮化硅陶瓷零件。此外，反应烧结制备氮化硅陶瓷还具有成本低、烧结温度低、产品成型好、陶瓷高温性能好等优点。综述了氮化硅陶瓷反应烧结工艺流程和工艺的优缺点，着重介绍了氮化硅反应烧结在成型工艺、烧结工艺、原材料影响、后处理和陶瓷增韧等方面所取得的进展。     

氮化硅陶瓷烧的烧结

氮化硅陶瓷广泛用作高温结构材料,是很有前途的陶瓷材料之一。本文研究了氮化硅硅瓷烧结动力学,分析了影响氮化硅陶瓷烧结的因素,为氮化硅陶瓷结提供了依据。     

石英陶瓷烧结过程中氮化硅的影响

本文研究了氮化硅加入物对石英陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明,氮化硅有助于石英陶瓷的烧结,而对烧结温度无影响。烧成在1150℃~1200℃温度范围内,石英陶瓷的强度、体积密度随氮化硅的添加量增大和烧结温度提高而增大,而石英陶瓷的显气孔率随氮化硅添加量的增大和烧结温度的升高而减小。     

氮化硅对石英陶瓷性能影响

研究了氮化硅加入物对石英陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明,氮化硅有助于石英陶瓷的烧结,而对烧结温度无影响。在1150℃￣1200℃的温度范围内,添加0.5￣1.5%的氮化硅不会引导石英玻璃的析晶。烧成在1150℃￣1200℃温度范围内,石英陶瓷的强度、体积密度随氮化硅的添加量增大和烧结温度提高而增大,而石英陶瓷的显气孔率随氮化硅添加量的增大和烧结温度的升高而减小。     

添加氧化镁及稀土氧化物的烧结氮化硅陶瓷

一种新的烧结氮化硅陶瓷 ,其制作方法是同时添加氧化镁 (ＭｇＯ)稀土氧化物 (ＲＯ)作为氮化硅陶瓷的烧结助剂 ,在 1 45 0℃ ,氧化镁 稀土氧化物就会与氮化硅粉末表面的二氧化硅反应生成大量硅酸盐液相 ,使氮化硅陶瓷致密。通过控制ＭｇＯ ＲＯ的组成和烧结工艺 ,可制取各种不同性能的烧结氮化硅陶瓷 ,满足不同用途的需求。用该法制得和烧结氮化硅陶瓷 ,可高效、经济地制造各种复杂形状的产品 ,如切削刀具、密封环、轴承、喷嘴及各种耐高温、耐磨损、耐腐蚀制品等添加氧化镁及稀土氧化物的烧结氮化硅陶瓷     

烧结助剂对氮化硅陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

氮化硅中氮原子和硅原子的自扩散系数很低，致密化所必需的扩散速度和烧结驱动力都很小，在烧结过程中需采用烧结助剂。烧结助剂是影响氮化硅陶瓷的显微结构和性能的关键因素之一。有效的烧结助剂不但可以改善氮化硅陶瓷的显微结构，而且可以提高氮化硅陶瓷的高温性能和抗氧化性能。     

氮化硅对石英陶瓷性能的影响

研究了氮化硅加入物对石英陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明,氮化硅有助于石英陶瓷的烧结,而对烧结温度无影响。在1150－1200℃的温度范围内,添加0．5－1．5％的氮化硅不会引导石英玻璃的析晶。烧成在1150－1200℃温度范围内,石英陶瓷的强度、体积密度随氮化硅的添加量增大和烧结温度提高而增大,而石英陶瓷的显气孔率随氮化硅添加量的增大和烧结温度的升高而减小。     

烧结助剂及增强相对氮化硅陶瓷材料性能的影响

氮化硅陶瓷基复合材料由于其优异的性能广泛运用于市场各领域。本文概述了制备氮化硅陶瓷基复合材料常用的几种烧结助剂和增强相,综述了烧结助剂对材料烧结过程的影响以及几种常用增强相的研究现状及增韧机理,最后对氮化硅陶瓷基复合材料未来的发展趋势和研究方向进行了总结与展望。     

氧化锆复合氮化硅陶瓷

分析了二氧化锆的性质及氧空位对二氧化锆相变的影响 ,讨论了二氧化锆韧化氮化硅陶瓷的影响因素 ,提出了二氧化锆韧化氮化硅陶瓷时避免氮化锆生成、促进复相氮化硅陶瓷烧结的途径。     

α-β Sialon Ceramics Made from Different Silicon Nitride Powders

The present work is concerned with the sintering of an α-β sialon ceramic using five different silicon nitride powders from a single source. The parameters varied in the silicon nitride were the amount of "free' silicon, iron content, α:β ratio, and grain size as measured by BET surface. The sintering atmosphere was varied by use of protective powder beds with passive (boron nitride) and active (SiO-generating) properties. Five sintering temperatures between 1600° and 1800°C were used. Microstructural characterization as well as density, hardness, and fracture toughness measurements were carried out. The sintering conditions were found to be critical for obtaining fully dense materials and low weight change. The optimum sintering temperature was 1750°C. The silicon nitride powder with a high content of free silicon resulted in a material which was more susceptible to the sintering atmosphere conditions. An α-β sialon made from a silicon nitride powder with a high β-α phase ratio resulted in a higher β-α ratio in the sintered material.     

加入纳米氮化硅对氮化硅陶瓷性能与结构影响

本文以亚微米级氮化硅为起始原料，加入纳米氮化硅来增强基体，添加氧化铝和氧化钇为烧结助剂，等静压成型，采用无压烧结的方式来制备具有优良性能的氮化硅陶瓷。主要研究了纳米氮化硅的分散；纳米氮化硅的加入量对氮化硅陶瓷力学性能的影响；纳米氮化硅的加入量对氮化硅陶瓷使用性能的影响；纳米氮化硅的加入量对氮化硅陶瓷显微结构的影响。研究结果表明：乙醇作为溶剂在分散介质为聚乙二醇的情况下，超声波震荡40分钟时，纳米氮化硅分散效果最好；随纳米氮化硅加入量的增加，显气孔率增加，吸水率增大；加入3wt％的纳米氮化硅时，试样的体积密度最大，抗弯强度、洛氏硬度、断裂韧性最好，具有较理想的显微结构。     

A Nanocomposite Ceramic Based on the Powder of a Carbon-In-Silicon Carbide Solid Solution

The synthesis of a nanocomposite powder of a solid solution of carbon in silicon carbide with controlled content of nitride phases is considered. A method of activated sintering for molding a pore-free nanocomposite ceramic with superior mechanical properties is proposed. Microstructure of the sintered ceramic is examined.     

In situ synthesis of three-dimensional nanofiber-knitted ceramic foams via reactive sintering silicon foams

Three-dimensional ceramic nanofiber-assembled materials with large specific surface area and excellent thermal insulation properties are attracting increasing interests for their unique structure and promising applications. In this paper, we propose a facile methodology to fabricate three-dimensional silicon nitride nanofiber-knitted ceramic foams via in situ reactive synthesis from silicon foams. Silicon particle-stabilized foams are fabricated for the first time using long-chain surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as a hydrophobic modifier. First, the fabrication and stability of silicon foams are investigated. Based on the stable silicon foams, silicon nitride-based nanofiber-knitted ceramic foams are synthesized via in situ reactive sintering in nitrogen atmosphere. The novel ceramic foam materials consist of three-dimensional nanofiber-assembled strut wall and nanofiber-spheres in the pores. The diameter of obtained silicon nitride nanofibers ranges from 15 to 100 nm. The unique nanofiber-knitted foams may have potential applications in specific fields, including catalysis, adsorption, separation, and thermal insulation.     

氮化硅基陶瓷刀具材料的研究现状

本文对Si3N4 基陶瓷刀具材料的力学性能、增韧补强机理、助烧剂的选择及烧结工艺作了较详细的概述。     

粒子弥散强化氮化硅基陶瓷

运用晶界工程理论，选择能形成高耐炎度晶界相的Ｙ２Ｏ３和Ｌａ２Ｏ３双稀土氧化物为Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷烧结助剂，材料具有优异的高温强度。第二相碳化硅粒子的引入有效地改善了氮化陶瓷的显微结构和力学性能。以无压烧结工艺制备的高性能α／β－Ｓｉａｌｏｎ复相陶瘊等在实际应用中获得良好效果。     

6105机氮化硅陶瓷气门材料及部件制备的研究

本研究采用近净尺寸等静压成型，无压烧结Ｓｉ３Ｎ４工艺成功地制备了同了６１０５紫油机Ｓｉ３Ｎ４对陶瓷气门材料及制备工艺进行了详细讨论。     

Highly porous silica foams prepared via direct foaming with mixed surfactants and their sound absorption characteristics

The highly porous silica ceramics were fabricated by direct foaming with mixed surfactants and the influence of silicon nitride addition and solid content on the microstructures and properties were investigated. The results showed that silicon nitride can impede the formation of cristobalite and facilitates the sintering of silica ceramics. When the addition of silicon nitride powders reached 15 wt%, the highest compressive strength of silica ceramic foams could be obtained. The porosity of silica ceramic foams was tailored in the range of 84.61%–91.35% by adjusting the solid content, and the compressive strength of the obtained ceramic foams ranged from 5.89 MPa to 0.94 MPa. Sound absorption characteristics of silica ceramics foams were investigated. With the porosity of ceramic foams increased from 84.61% to 91.35%, the sound absorption coefficients in the entire sound wave frequency were enhanced due to the reduction of flow resistances, besides, the sound absorption peak varied from 4200 Hz to 2300 Hz, and became more intense and sharper.     

Synthesizing high α-phase Si3N4 powders containing sintering additives

Fine grain α-phase silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramic powders were produced via carbothermic reduction of colloidal SiO₂, which contained pre-mixed additives of sintering aids primarily consisting of oxides such as MgO and Y₂O₃. The powders that were pre-mixed in the starting reactants were chosen based on the final powder composition and on type and amount of the secondary phases desired for sintering. After synthesizing, powder properties were examined using standard characterization techniques (XRD, SEM, BET, etc). This technique of ceramic synthesis has advantages in providing nitride-based ceramic powders, which contain secondary in situ phases that are distributed as sintering additives. Silicon nitride ceramic powders synthesized using this method might therefore be readily sintered because the homogeneously distributed sintering additives were present in the starting materials. In this work, the processing parameters are described in terms of the synthesis conditions.