模糊QFD与FMEA整合模型及应用

通过引入故障修正系数的概念,将失效模式影响分析(FMEA)整合于质量功能展开(QFD)中.建立了整合流程,解决了传统质量功能展开(QFD)在由顾客需求向技术特征转换时没有考虑失效及其后果影响的缺陷.同时考虑到在进行评价和数据处理时,存在模糊及不确定的信息,将模糊理论应用于该整合模型的系统评价中,用三角模糊数代替精确数,由此可以提高模型的准确度.最后,以起重机减速器的设计应用为例,对模型的有效性进行了验证.     

基于KANO–AHP–QFD的水果物流周转箱设计研究

目的 对水果物流周转箱用户需求进行梳理分析,将需求转化为具体设计要素、质量特性,并据此完成该类产品创新设计。方法 基于KANO模型,确定水果物流周转箱在不同应用场景下的用户需求,建立需求框架;应用层次分析法(AHP)对需求框架进行分析,建立包含权重的需求层次结构;基于质量功能配置理论(QFD),确立用户需求与质量特性关系,建立QFD质量屋;以发散性创新、聚合性优化递进方式进行水果物流周转箱设计。结果 建立了准确度和客观性高的水果物流周转箱用户需求框架及QFD质量屋,完成了合理、易用的创新设计方案。结论 对KANO、AHP、QFD方法的综合应用,能更科学地挖掘用户需求,发现产品需要改进的问题;基于综合方法设计的水果物流周转箱,能为该类产品创新提供新思路,为农业物流供应链优化提供最小单元新方案。     

基于Kano模型的用户需求指标体系研究

用户需求是产品设计的源头,设计的目的是为了开发出满足用户需求的产品.本文基于产品的质量指标体系,用Kano模型对用户需求项目进行研究,分析消费者对产品在时间、质量、经济性、服务、社会性等方面的需求,制订了基于Kano模型的用户需求指标体系,为用户需求的知识获取、QFD方法应用及智能设计打下基础.     

基于QFD与AHP的老年人健身器械造型设计

目的为积极推进老龄化研究,满足老年人健身需求,完善老年人健身器械的设计方法。方法运用功能质量展开法(QFD)进行用户调研分析,完成老年人健身器械造型设计需求质量特性展开并形成多层次结构的设计指标;结合层次分析法(AHP)构建判断矩阵,计算得出各设计指标的权重值,以此完成设计决策,形成老年人健身器械造型设计创新方案,采用李克特7点量表法进行设计评价;以老年人健腹器造型创新设计作为实例,验证设计过程的科学性。结论作为针对老年人健身需求的产品造型设计,综合运用QFD与AHP相结合的分析方法进行设计指标决策,将有助于提高设计过程的科学性,形成符合老年人用户需求的产品造型意象,为同类产品设计提供参考。     

基于QFD的ERP软件供应商与咨询商评价模型研究

为了有效控制企业资源计划(ERP)实施风险,需要选择合适的外部合作伙伴。在对DD企业实地调研的基础上,借助于质量功能展开(QFD)方法的特点,首先将ERP实施风险控制设定为合作方评价的总目标,并逐层细分为17个详细目标需求项,运用层次分析法确定了各需求项的权重;然后,从三种不同的视角出发,分别提出了评价软件供应商、咨询商各自实力以及评价三方合作特性的指标;进一步确定了风险控制需求与评价特性指标间的相关关系,设计了模型的求解过程,最终构建了基于QFD的ERP实施合作方评价模型。结合DD企业应用实例验证了评价模型的有效性。     

基于QFD/TRIZ的热透灸理疗仪创新设计

目的 为提升热透灸理疗仪设计过程中技术实施的可行性和用户需求的满意度,提出一种基于QFD和TRIZ集成的热透灸理疗仪创新设计方法。方法 分析QFD在产品设计中的不足,将TRIZ与QFD进行结合,构建两种理论的集成设计模型;通过对热透灸理疗仪设计特征分析,采用问卷调查、专家访谈等方法获取用户需求,得出质量要求与质量要素之间的层次关系;运用QFD法构建质量屋（HOQ）,明确设计前期产品改进的重点方向,得出热透灸理疗仪设计的约束条件和工程因素矛盾;结合TRIZ理论描述其矛盾,并分析矛盾属性,利用相应的发明原理解决其创新设计时存在的矛盾冲突;最后基于矛盾的解决对热透灸理疗仪进行再设计。结论 结果表明,以QFD为基础、TRIZ为解决手段的设计方法提高了热透灸理疗仪设计的工程效率,可有效指导其创新设计过程。     

基于AHP/QFD/TRIZ理论的手机包装创新设计

本研究目的为丰富手机包装的应用,扩展使用功能,优化传统手机包装设计,满足当今用户日益多样化的需求。通过问卷调查获取用户需求,利用AHP层次分析法计算各项用户需求综合权重,通过QFD质量功能展开构建用户需求与质量特性的质量屋模型,利用TRIZ创新理论提出创新方案解决矛盾。基于AHP/QFD/TRIZ集成理论提出了手机包装创新设计方法,得到了手机包装创新方案,为相关产品的创新设计提供了思路和理论参考。     

基于AHP、QFD与AD的居家适老座椅设计研究

目的 在老年人的居家养老生活中,“坐”是他们日常最主要的行为之一,运用AHP、QFD及AD等方法,最终实现居家型适老化座椅的创新设计研究。方法 综合分析了适老化家具市场现状,明确了设计缺口,实地调研挖掘用户需求,运用AHP确定目标用户需求权重,QFD确定设计需求权重,最后使用AD对QFD进行修正,以补充设计方案策略评价中的不足;通过构建相关产品功能概念矩阵,设计一款满足老年人生理及心理需求的居家适老化座椅。结论 明确了用户需求,分析了适老化座椅的设计特征,设计出一款座椅产品;借助适老化功能座椅实际模型,验证AHP、QFD、AD方法的可靠性与安全性,为适老化座椅系列产品设计研究提供了一定的参考依据,为未来开发适老化家具提供了研究思路。     

基于Kano-QFD的适老化卫浴产品设计研究

目的 提升智能化卫浴产品适老化程度,增加老年用户产品使用满意度。方法 以Kano模型与QFD质量功能展开集成方法辅助设计决策为主,人机研究与用户行为状态分析为辅。使用问卷调查法挖掘用户需求,对获取的用户需求进行重要度量化,并进行重要度修正,辅助构建老年卫浴产品QFD质量屋,结合辅助方法,最终完成适老化卫浴产品设计实例;最后使用JACK仿真分析对输出方案进行人机舒适度验证分析。结果 通过Kano–QFD模型结合辅助方法的设计思路能更加精确定位用户需求,产出方案具有较高的适老化程度,较好地提升了用户满意度。结论 提出整合Kano–QFD模型及人机数据与行为状态分析辅助设计的方法,对智能卫浴产品的适老化设计过程优化与产品实际输出,具有一定的参考价值。     

QFD中关联关系确定的正交试验设计方法

顾客需求与工程特性之间关联关系的确定是QFD规划的难点和重点.针对大量数据难以获取的问题,提出确定QFD关联关系的正交试验设计方法.将工程特性作为影响因素,顾客需求作为评价指标,从而看成多因素多指标的试验设计问题.利用方差分析的P值确定工程特性对顾客需求的影响程度,将各工程特性的方差贡献率作为顾客需求与工程特性的关联函数的系数.最后.结合全自动洗衣机开发.进行了实例分析,说明该方法可采用较少量的数据,获得比较满意的结果.     

Integrating AHP with QFD for robot selection under requirement perspective

Selection of a robot is an important task, as improper selection may adversely affect a firm's production by reducing the quality of the product, thereby reducing productivity as well as profitability. To effectively select a robot for a specified job, several factors have to be considered. The objective of this paper is to explain how, using a combined AHP/QFD model, the authors are able to determine if the deployment of robots in industry helped in performance enhancement from requirement perspective. Incorporating a simple and novel cost factor measure in the proposed integrated AHP/QFD model aids justification of the implementation of a robotic system in a manufacturing firm from an economic point of view also. The proposed integrated approach also identifies technical requirements followed by customer requirements. In this paper, an integrated model combining AHP and QFD has been delineated for the industrial robot selection problem. Seven technical requirement factors have been considered for the case study.     

基于QFD与FBS的可移动电力检测设备创新设计

目的为了客观准确地将目标用户认知需求转化为产品技术特性的设计要求,提升可移动电力检测设备目标用户认知需求满意度及明确产品创新方向,提出QFD和FBS集成的创新设计模式。方法首先,通过访谈和问卷调研获取用户需求,借助AHP法求解用户认知需求权重;其次,运用QFD法构建质量屋,明确可移动电力检测设备待改进的关键技术特性指标;最后,将用户旅程图引入FBS的功能—行为—结构展开模型中,以解决可移动电力检测设备的关键技术特性问题,指导产品创新设计。结论QFD与FBS理论的融合应用能够将用户认知需求精准转化为技术特性层面的设计要求,对可移动电力检测设备的人机、造型、功能、收纳等方面的不足提出了相应的解决方案,实现了用户认知需求与产品技术特性之间的映射转换,证明了该方法具有可行性。     

改进的质量功能配置在质量成本优化分析上的应用

在改进型的质量功能配置工具中,增加了质量保证成本和质量损失成本两个主要的评价指标,修正了市场竞争评价指数和技术竞争评价指数,并引入了层次分析法,对定性决策因素给以定量的测度权重.根据质量保证成本与技术重要度的关系,以及质量损失成本对质量需求的影响,提出了适合设计阶段的质量成本优化分析方法.最后的应用结果表明,利用改进型的质量功能配置工具进行质量成本分析是有效的.     

Quantification and integration of Kano’s model into QFD for optimising product design

With increasing concerns on customer needs in today’s competitive market, the issue of incorporating customer requirements into product design arises the interest of both researchers and practitioners. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a well-known methodology for customer-driven product design. However, conventionally, QFD analysis has a major challenge in understanding customer needs accurately. Kano’s model, which studies the nature of customer needs, provides a way for a better classification of customer needs. However, seldom research contributions are found in terms of integrating Kano’s model with QFD quantitatively. In this research, a novel integration approach is proposed. At first, Kano’s model is quantified by identifying relationship between customer needs and customer satisfaction (CS). Next, both qualitative and quantitative results from Kano’s model are integrated into QFD. Finally, a mixed non-linear integer programming model is formulated to maximise CS under cost and technical constraints. In this research, an illustrative example associated with the design of notebook computers is also presented to demonstrate the availability of the proposed approach.     

Cost management through product design: target costing approach

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of target costing in managing product costs while promoting quality specifications that will meet customer requirements. In addition, it aims to develop a target costing module that will simplify implementation of target costing especially in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Tools of operations management such as quality function deployment (QFD) and value engineering (VE) have been considered and evaluated in terms of their integration into the target costing. In order to investigate the total effect, an implementation of the QFD deployment–target costing process (QFD–TC process) was conducted in a small manufacturing company. Previous studies on target costing were mostly conducted in lead companies. This study focuses on implementation of the QFD–TC process in SMEs. Overall, it was found that the QFD–TC process was an essential technique in managing the costs of both a product and the overall production process. Combining target costing with QFD and VE techniques provides companies with a competitive cost advantage.     

QFD optimization using linear physical programming

A new approach to quality function deployment (QFD) optimization is presented. The approach uses the linear physical programming (LPP) technique to maximize overall customer satisfaction in product design. QFD is a customer-focused product design method which translates customer requirements into product engineering characteristics. Because market competition is multidimensional, companies must maximize overall customer satisfaction by optimizing the design of their products. At the same time, all constraints (e.g. product development time, development cost, manufacturing cost, human resource in design and production, etc.) must be taken into consideration. LPP avoids the need to specify an importance weight for each objective in advance. This is an effective way of obtaining optimal results. Following a brief introduction to LPP in QFD, the proposed approach is described. A numerical example is given to illustrate its application and a sensitivity analysis is carried out. Using LPP in QFD optimization provides a new direction for optimizing the product design process.     

Improving Product Design Using Quality Function Deployment: The School Furniture Case in Developing Countries

This paper presents a quality function deployment (QFD) analysis of the design of school furniture in developing countries, using Costa Rica as the baseline. The dynamic hierarchy process model for QFD was used to help the product development team make effective decisions in satisfying the requirements of the customer constrained by limited resources. A number of total quality management (TQM) tools were employed during the development of the school furniture solution. A dynamic, cross-functional team organization was used. A simple form of quality function deployment was used to identify the desirable product design, safety, and service features.     

基于QFD与TRIZ的视障者液体药瓶设计研究

目的 针对目前视障人群自行服用液体药品非常困难的问题,设计出一种视障者液体药瓶。方法 运用QFD理论,对目标用户进行调研,得到符合信度要求的用户需求权重,通过专家小组将用户需求转化为技术特征,构建出视障者液体药瓶质量屋,得出技术特征排序以及它们之间的相关性,然后利用TRIZ理论将呈负相关的技术特征进行转化,选择相应的发明原理进行技术冲突的解决。结果 综合考虑技术冲突的解决以及重要的技术特征,设计出视障者液体药瓶。结论 通过QFD与TRIZ理论集成可以设计出使用效果良好的视障者液体药瓶,使得视障者能够独立使用本药瓶进行液体药物服用,解决了视障者服用液体药品困难的问题,增强了视障者生活自理能力,验证了QFD与TRIZ集成设计方法在产品创新设计中的有效性。     

Normalisation models for prioritising design requirements for quality function deployment processes

The prioritisation of design requirements is critical for determining resource allocation in the new product design stage through the quality function deployment (QFD) planning processes. To prioritise design requirements, normalisation models are usually used to perform aggregation and normalisation functions. Recognising the weakness of the Wasserman normalisation model from both theoretical and practical viewpoints, this paper proposes an improved normalisation model for the aggregation and normalisation functions. It is verified that the proposed model satisfies Lyman’s normalisation requirement and avoids the problem of Wasserman’s normalisation model. In addition, a normalisation model that takes into account the correlation among customer requirements is also developed to complete a generalised normalisation model for QFD planning processes. A product design case is presented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed normalisation models.