VERSION CONTROL OF DISTRIBUTED EDBMS FOR CSCW

ＶＥＲＳＩＯＮＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＯＦＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＥＤＥＤＢＭＳＦＯＲＣＳＣＷ￥ＷａｎｇＱｉａｎｐｉｎｇ；ＬｉｎＺｏｎｇｋａｉ；ＧｕｏＹｕｃｈａｉ（ＣＡＤＬａｂ．，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｏｍｐｕｔｉｎｇＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃ...     

协同工作(CSCW)下协作模型的研究

基于网络环境下的群体成员间的协同和交互是当前计算机支持下的协同工作(CSCW)研究领域的前沿课题之一,论文在对多协作任务运行结构分析的基础之上,提出了一种基于共享空间的多任务、多角色协作模型,并在一协同写作系统CoEdit中得到了运用,所提模型对于不同协作应用系统的开发具有一定的指导意义。     

Computer supported cooperative work: an overview

Abstract

Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) is a new field which embraces the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, linguistics, human factors, computer science and system analysis, design and implementation. CSCW exploits the increasing ubiquity and power of technology, and our growing knowledge of how people work together in groups and teams, in order to improve the effectiveness of teams of all sizes–from two people up to whole organisations. CSCW technology aspects include communication systems, shared workspace facilities, shared information facilities and group activity supportfacilities. CSCW group process aspects include individual aspects, organisational aspects, group work design aspects and group dynamics aspects. The paper discusses all of these issues in more detail as well as describing categories of CSCW products, and the potential long-term impact of CSCW on group work and business activities.     

Comparison of intelligent CSCW architectures for the evaluation of agile manufacturing systems designs

Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW) or Group Decision Support System (GDSS) can provide an efficient decision-making environment for multidisciplinary teams faced with the challenge of evaluating agile manufacturing systems. In this article, we describe the development and evaluation of CSCW prototypes to aid the systematic evaluation of agile manufacturing systems. An industrial case study involving the evaluation of alternative design configurations of a cellular manufacturing system for agile manufacturing was used for testing with 12 multidisciplinary student teams. The results obtained suggest that engineering design teams can obtain productivity improvements through the use of CSCW tools. In this study, we also found that an enhanced GDSS with a neural network module for preference aggregation outperformed a basic CSCW in: (1) decision quality, (2) users' satisfaction and agreement, and (3) consensus. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Development of an agent-based system for manufacturing control and coordination with ontology and RFID technology

Integrating physical objects with the corresponding enterprise applications any time any where is the essential issue for a real-time enterprise. This study proposes a multi-agent system framework called agent-based manufacturing control and coordination (AMCC) system, a agent-based framework using ontology and RFID technology to monitor and control dynamic production flows and also to improve the traceability and visibility of mass customization manufacturing processes. The capabilities offered by multi-agent systems to respond to RFID events in real-time and a broad class of agent design and coordination issue regarding just in time (JIT) and just in sequence (JIS) manufacturing processes are also exploited in this study. To validate the proposed framework, case study of a bicycle manufacturing company is used to demonstrate how the proposed framework can benefit its JIT production. Finally, an example prototype system is implemented to demonstrate the concept of the proposed framework.     

一种面向软件产品概念设计的CSCW模型

随着计算机和网络技术的发展,各种CSCW模型和技术先后被提出,来满足各行业产品和概念设计的复杂工作需求。软件产品的概念设计作为一项复杂的工作和业务流程,对CSCW系统的需求也越来越高。文中针对软件产品概念设计的特殊性质,提出一种新的CSCW软件产品概念设计模型,并且对其中包含的冲突检测和协调机制进行了详细的设计和优化。使用基于Java平台的相关技术对模型主要功能架构和冲突协调过程进行了仿真。实验表明,文中提出的模型具有更加简洁和高效的复杂冲突解决能力和用户交互能力。     

计算机协同教学系统探究

计算机支持协同工作(CSCW)的出现,反映了人们对计算机功能需求的改变,即希望计算机系统从传统的解决计算问题发展为辅助用户间的交互活动。介绍了CSCW的基本概念和作用,对基于CSCW支持下的协同教学系统模式和功能进行了分析,对协同教学系统策略进行了研究。     

一个CSCW系统的设计与实现

随着计算机网络技术的发展,计算机支持的协同工作（CSCW）系统正逐渐成为人们研究的热点,协同式计算机辅助设计系统是一类典型的CSCW系统。本文在介绍了CSCW的基本概念之后,从系统组成的角度出发,提出了一个典型的CSCW系统是由应用子系统、信息共享平台、协同工作平台、协作管理平台、以及网络传输平台这五大部分组成的,并对其各部分的内容进行了形式化的描述和系统的分析,最后以我们开发的协同式计算机辅助设计系统－－CoopCAD为例,介绍了如何按照该结构实现一个具有实时性的协同式计算机辅助设计系统。     

基于AutoCAD的协同设计框架的研究与实现

计算机支持协同工作（CSCW）使得设计信息的交流、检索、共享和使用更加方便,对提高设计效率,增强决策能力,减少设计成本有重要的意义。针对计算机支持协同工作系统的实时要求,结合软件开发中构件化设计思想,提出了针对AutoCAD的实时协同设计框架实现模型。分析了同步协同代理层和数据交互代理层,并提出了一个AutoCAD数据交换协议模型来提高设计数据的传输效率。     

计算机协同工作技术

本文介绍了在人类社会信息化发展的大背景下，由通信技术与计算机及其网络技术相融合而发展起来的计算机协同工作（ＣＳＣＷ，ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＳｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄＣｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅＷｏｒｋ）技术的发展背景、基本概念及广泛的应用领域，并分析了计算机协同工作系统的关键技术；指出计算机协同工作技术是计算机网络技术发展的重要方向，必将带来人们协作方式的发展和协作效率的提高，并推动人类社会信息化进程。     

用Agent-based软件工程方法构建CSCW系统

CSCW系统是一个支持多用户协同工作的多应用程序集成系统,随着CSCW系统应用不断扩展和Agent-Oriented概念设计的引入,需要为基于Agent的CSCW系统设计合适的框架模式,并根据Agent的内在层次结构创建适宜的Agent协作环境ACE(Agent Collaborative Environment)。     

What does computer support for cooperative work mean? a structurational analysis of computer supported cooperative work

Technical developments in electronic communication and computing coupled with new understanding of relationships between computers and work processes has given impetus to a significant amount of research in the area of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Much of this work, however, lacks strong theoretical foundations, and there is no clear definition of CSCW, the major research questions of the field, or appropriate strategies for research. In this paper we suggest Giddens' theory of structuration as a conceptual foundation for CSCW research and propose a formal definition for CSCW. We conclude by discussing seven implications of the framework for future research into: (a) platform software features, (b) research methods, (c) systems development approaches, (d) features of CSCW development methodologies, (e) interactions between CSCW use processes and organizational structures, (f) interactions between work processes and CSCW applications, and (g) larger social change due to adoption of CSCW applications.     

Expert systems for manufacturing cell simulation and design

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is approached by means of the application of Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and other CA techniques, methods and programs/program systems. These programs are often implemented as knowledge-based, or expert systems and in this way they became typical examples of engineering application of artificial intelligence. The production task of CIM systems is solved by using flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). FMSs built up from smaller, complex units, i.e. from flexible manufacturing cells (FMCs) have several advantages. The design and the operation of manufacturing systems need new, sophisticated methods to utilize all the embedded benefits of the sophisticated and expensive elements installed for production purposes. New methods like knowledge processing technology, cooperative problem-solving techniques, etc., offer wide possibilities to design more reasonable systems. This paper describes prototype expert systems that make use of different knowledge-based tools and techniques to design (configure, reconfigure) and simulate manufacturing cells, taking into consideration technological plans and other relevant information.     

MCSDM：一个面向敏捷制造的CSCW系统

敏捷制造是下一世纪全新生产模式，本文对敏捷制造的关键技术ＣＳＣＷ及其在先进制造技术中的应用进行了讨论，介绍了本单位 ＭＣＳＤＭ系统的体系结构和功能模型，ＭＣＳＤ央异地的ＣＡＤ、ＣＡＭ项目组成员在一个虚拟的协作环境内协同荛。     

CSCW系统中的群组通信研究

计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)是一种将人类合作行为模式与计算机支持技术融合为一体的新兴技术,目前已广泛应用于桌面会议系统、远程教学等领域。在CSCW系统中群组通信的研究日益引起人们的关注。文中主要就目前出现的一些群组通信系统进行一定的分析比较,指出CSCW系统中群组通信的特征和一些需要解决的关键问题,并初步提出一个群组通信系统———CSCWGCS系统。CSCWGCS系统适用于WAN环境并且具有良好的可扩展性,同时该系统与其设计思想来源Xpand系统相比,更好地适应多媒体应用环境,为其提供了不同的通信服务质量。     

软件质量协同控制的工作流模型研究与应用

随着计算机应用领域、规模的扩大,软件系统越来越复杂,软件开发越来越离不开协同工作。工作流技术是计算机支持协同工作(CSCW)研究领域的一个重要部分,是其实现的关键技术。该文提出了一个实用的软件开发CDDQT循环模型,并在其基础上建立了一个多Agent、以协同方式控制软件质量的工作流模型(SW_CQMWF)。它较全面反映软件质量控制过程中的信息处理以及信息流向,有效地保证协同开发中的软件质量。     

The coordination of work activities: Cooperation and conflict in a hospital context

An understanding of the ways in which work coordination is achieved in practice is essential to the development of effective CSCW technologies. However, previous studies are limited in their focus on small, self-contained work groups. In this analysis of work coordination in a hospital context, a broader perspective was adopted, allowing examination of activities across time, group and location. The use of a relevant structured methodology and a focus on deviations from formal procedures enabled the consideration of a range of contextual factors in interaction: Important aspects of work coordination to emerge included: status influences on the effectiveness of working practices; the social and political uses of information; conflicts between work goals and between motivations for coordinating activities; the role of informal practices; and the use of formal procedures to regulate inter-group relations. The implications of these issues for CSCW design in the hospital context are illustrated.     

Design and implementation of a multimedia CSCW platform

In this paper, a generic four-layer framework for computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) is proposed. With clear separation of functionalities in each layer of the framework, application developers could implement their specific CSCW applications easily. Based on the four-layer framework, the architecture of a general purpose CSCW platform is designed and implemented with the necessary functionalities to help the collaborations among group members. To provide the system with more features and user friendliness, multimedia processing and transmission capabilities for audio and video are incorporated into the platform. Features like application-sharing, group decision support, multimedia mail transmission, etc., are well implemented in the platform. Moreover, an efficient network transport protocol, called VXTP, is designed and implemented to avoid the transmission overhead of conventional TCP. The performance measurements using both VXTP and TCP are given in the paper for comparison. Lastly, compared with other CSCW systems, our design achieves greater flexibility and portability by adopting the generality philosophy in the framework.     

基于CSCW的协同图形的存储技术的研究

由于计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)能提高人们的工作效率,而计算机支持的协同学习(CSCL)又是CSCW思想在教育领域的一个重要应用。为此,利用JAVA与XML相结合的技术,实现了对CSCL系统中由协同图形设计(CSGD)所产生的图形学习资源的存储与管理,以保证协同学习系统的实用性、真实性和连续性。     

基于CSCW的多媒体远程协同编辑系统的设计与实现

计算机支持的协同工作(Computer-SupportedCooperativeWork,缩写为CSCW)主要研究如何利用计算机技术和网络通信技术支持工作组成员在共享环境下的分工合作、协同工作以及交互协商。文章主要讨论在CSCW的环境下,协同编辑系统如何实现多媒体对象的协同编辑及其版本控制。