离子液体催化苯和氯乙烷烷基化反应

以盐酸三乙胺-三氯化铝离子液体(Et<,3>N·H-AlCl<,3>)为催化剂,考察反应温度、苯和氯乙烷物质的量比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对苯和氯乙烷烷基化反应的影响,研究了离子液体重复使用性.GC-MS色质联用仪定性分析和气相色谱仪定量分析结果表明,在Et<,3>N·H-AlCl<,3>催化作用下,苯和氯乙烷烷基...     

炼厂丙烯液相法合成异丙苯工艺条件研究

以炼厂丙烯为原料,采用固定床反应器液相法合成异丙苯,考察了丙烯质量空速、温度、苯烯摩尔比等工艺条件对反应的影响。结果表明,以FX-01改性的FHI-01为催化剂的炼厂丙烯液相法合成异丙苯的工艺可行,其适宜的工艺条件为:温度140～160℃,压力3.0 MPa,丙烯质量空速0.6～0.8 h-1,苯烯比8～9,丙烯摩尔转化率为100%,异丙苯选择性为95%左右。     

新型多磺酸基离子液体催化对甲酚与叔丁醇的烷基化反应

The alkylation of p-cresol with tert-butanol(TBA)to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol(TBC)catalyzed by a novel multiple-SO3H functioned ionic liquid(IL1)was investigated.Meanwhile,the catalytic activity of this novel ionic liquid was compared with other four traditional ionic liquids.The results showed that IL1 has superior catalytic activity to other four traditional ionic liquids with the conversion of 85.3%and selectivity of 95.2%.Also,the reaction conditions were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions.Operational simplicity,small amount of usage,high activity,reusability and selectivity are the key features of this methodology.     

Continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquid

Based on a compulsive mixing-reacting-separating-recycling small experimental setup,the continuous reaction performances of benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by [BMIM]Cl-AlCl₃ ionic liquid were investigated. Three different situations including normal continuous operation mode (reagent materials), sidetrack feeding from different axial positions along the static mixing reactor (reagent materials) and normal continuous alkylation using industrial paraffin and olefins materials were examined. Even under the relatively hypecritical reaction conditions, the single pass conversion of pure 1-dodecene could reach to nearly 100.0%, and the selectivity of 2-phenyl isomer was higher than 37.7%. Although the positions along the reactor for sidetrack feeding were different, the 100.0% single pass conversion of 1-dodecene was also attained before the outlet of the reactor. The refined industrial olefins as raw material could meet with the requirements of continuous alkylation. The influences of impurities such as di-olefins and non-benzene aromatics on the catalytic activity and stability should be studied further. __________ Translated from Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, 2006, 22(4): 289–293 [译自: 化学反应工程与工艺]     

聚四氟乙烯修饰的MCM-49分子筛上苯与丙烯烷基化反应

制备了MCM-49分子筛负载25％聚四氟乙烯催化剂,将催化剂应用于苯与丙烯烷基化反应.结果表明,反应温度＜150℃时,表面疏油性催化剂可以使反应中由丙烯聚合生成的油性大分子和多异丙苯较快的从催化剂表面脱附,减少了油性大分子对催化剂活性中心的覆盖,减少积炭生成,提高了催化剂寿命.     

氯铝酸离子液体催化合成十二烷基苯

用盐酸三乙胺和无水三氯化铝合成了不同配比的Et_3NHCl-xAlCl_3离子液体,研究了离子液体的组成、反应时间、反应温度、苯与离子液体的摩尔比、苯与1-十二烯摩尔比对苯与1-十二烯烷基化反应的影响。结果表明,Et_3NHCl-xAlCl_3酸性离子液体具有较高的催化活性,良好的低温反应活性和2位异构体选择性.通过正交试验,得到了优化的离子液体组成和反应条件为AlCl_3与Et_3NHCl的摩尔比1.4,反应温度10℃,苯与离子液体的摩尔比42,苯与1-十二烯摩尔比25。该条件下,1-十二烯的转化率为100%,2-苯基十二烷的选择性为42.5%.     

Lewis酸离子液体催化的苯和氯乙烷烷基化反应

以Lewis酸离子液体为催化剂,考察了Lewis阴离子催化剂、加料方式、AlCl3/[Et3NH]Cl摩尔比、反应温度、苯/氯乙烷摩尔比、催化剂用量等因素对苯和氯乙烷烷基化反应的影响及离子液体的重复可用性. 结果表明,在AlCl3/[Et3NH]Cl摩尔比为2的离子液体的催化作用下,苯和氯乙烷的烷基化反应在温度为70℃、苯/氯乙烷摩尔比为10:1、催化剂用量为苯和氯乙烷总质量10%的条件下,苯转化率为9.48%,乙苯选择性为93.65%;离子液体可循环使用10次,苯的转化率和乙苯的选择性均无明显变化.     

Highly selective synthesis of propylene glycol ether from methanol and propylene oxide catalyzed by basic ionic liquid

BACKGROUND: Propylene glycol ether is expected to be a safe substitute for toxic ethylene glycol ether usually used in industry owing to its negligible toxicity. Although catalysis of solid acids or bases for the synthesis of the ether can avoid separation of catalysts, liquid waste treatment and corrosion problems, it suffers from drawbacks, e.g. lower activity and selectivity to target product, high reaction pressure and temperature. In order to solve these problems, a basic ionic liquid, namely choline hydroxide was prepared and used as a catalyst for synthesis of the ether via atom‐economy reaction from propylene oxide and methanol. RESULTS: The ionic liquid showed excellent catalytic performance exhibiting 95.4% conversion of propylene oxide (PO) and 94.6% selectivity to 1‐methoxy‐2‐propanol. It is also an effective catalyst for the reaction of PO with other primary alcohols to yield corresponding ethers. In addition this catalyst can be recovered and reused. CONCLUSION: The high activity and selectivity can probably be ascribed to its basicity and/or the strong polarity and electrostatic field of the reaction medium caused by the ionic liquid. These findings are very rare in synthesis of propylene glycol ether to our knowledge. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

磺酸基功能化的离子液体催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

研究了一系列磺酸根功能化的离子液体催化柠檬酸三丁酯的合成。系统考察了反应时间、酸与醇的配比、催化剂的用量、不同阳离子、不同阴离子等因素对反应的影响及催化剂重复使用性,优化了反应条件。结果表明,当酸与醇摩尔比为1∶4.5,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1%,反应4 h,酯化率可达99%以上。     

离子液体催化合成环己烯

以环境友好的离子液体[BMIm]NO3为催化剂,采用环己醇脱水反应清洁合成环己烯。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量对产品收率的影响。结果表明,在[BMIm]NO3与环己醇的摩尔比为1∶33,于180℃、反应2 h的条件下,产品收率可以达到93%,离子液体催化剂重复使用4次时,环己烯的收率仍可达到88%。     

Benzene alkylation with long chain olefins catalyzed by ionic liquids: a review

The introduction of ionic liquids to alkylation process gives a choice for “green production” in the petrochemical and detergent industry. A lot of papers and patents have been published using chloroaluminate ionic liquid as a novel catalyst for alkylation with high reactivity and easy separation from reactants. These included the acidity, characterization, determination and catalysis technologies in batch and continuous operation mode for different scales. According to published data and several results of pilot alkylation,including the authors’ experience,the prospect of chloroaluminate ionic liquids for commercials was also discussed. It has been pointed out that there still are many difficulties and challenges to be overcome for commercial application of the ionic liquid catalyst.     

固载化AlCl3 催化剂上萘与丙烯的烷基化反应

采用两步气相法制备了AlCl_3/Naβ、AlCl_3/SiO_2、AlCl_3/NaMCM-41和AlCl_3/NaY固载AlCl_3催化剂,并考察其在萘和丙烯烷基化反应中的催化性能。通过N_2吸附、傅立叶变换红外光谱及化学分析法表征了载体的物化性能及催化剂表面酸性。结果表明,AlCl_3固载化作用对载体的比表面积、孔容和孔径大小具有较大影响,且催化剂孔道结构影响萘烷基化反应活性和选择性。以Naβ为载体制备的AlCl_3/Naβ催化剂具有较高的萘与丙烯的烷基化反应活性,在反应温度85℃、反应时间5 h和常压条件下,萘转化率为77.63%,n(2,6-二异丙基萘):n(2,7-二异丙基萘)达到1.02。     

三氯化铁离子液体催化异丁烯的齐聚反应

离子液体（C₂H₅）₃NHCl-xFeCl₃（FeCl₃摩尔分率x≥0.55）对异丁烯齐聚反应具有良好的催化性能。在反应温度40℃,反应时间30 min,酸烃比为1.2∶1的条件下,异丁烯齐聚转化率达到85%,液相产物中二聚物和三聚物的含量之和达到80%以上。在离子液体中引入适量CuCl可以提高异丁烯的转化率。当CuCl/[（C₂H₅）₃NH]Cl-0.6FeCl₃的摩尔比为0.25时,异丁烯的转化率达到98%,液相产物中二聚物和三聚物的含量之和高达90.20%。     

离子液体催化合成对叔丁基甲苯

以甲苯和氯代叔丁烷为原料,以三氯化铝离子液体为催化剂,考察合成对叔丁基甲苯的影响因素。结果表明,该烷基化反应最佳工艺条件为:反应温度0℃,离子液体用量为甲苯质量的1%,甲苯与氯代叔丁烷物质的量比2∶1,此条件下,氯代叔丁烷转化率100%,目标产物对叔丁基甲苯选择性较高。向三氯化铝离子液体中加入氯化亚铜改性助剂,当三氯化铝离子液体和氯化亚铜物质的量比为1∶2时,在优化条件下对叔丁基甲苯选择性由50.22%提高到85.38%。     

氯铝酸盐离子液体催化甲苯与氯代叔丁烷烷基化反应合成对叔丁基甲苯

合成[Me3NH]Cl-2.0AlCl3、[PyH]Cl-2.0AlCl3、[Bmim]Cl-2.0AlCl3以及[Et3NH]Cl-2.0AlCl3氯铝酸盐离子液体,对[Et3NH]Cl-2.0AlCl3和[PyH]Cl-2.0AlCl3两种离子液体进行系列改性,并考察氯铝酸盐离子液体催化甲苯与氯代叔丁烷的烷基化反应,反应合成对叔丁基甲苯的催化性能。结果表明,未经改性的氯铝酸离子液体催化烷基化反应,对位产物选择性均较低,经FeCl3、CuCl以及CH3NO2改性的[Et3NH]Cl-2.0AlCl3离子液体对叔丁基甲苯选择性显著提高,而[PyH]Cl-2.0AlCl3离子液体经CuCl改性后的对叔丁基甲苯选择性则提高到85%以上。采用乙腈、吡啶为探针的红外光谱对离子液体酸性表征的结果表明,改性后离子液体的L酸和B酸均有所降低,其中B酸是影响对叔丁基甲苯选择性的主要因素,并对离子液体酸性催化甲苯与氯代叔丁烷烷基化反应合成对叔丁基甲苯的作用机制进行分析。     

[emim]BF4离子液体催化酯化反应研究

研究了环境友好的[emim]BF4离子液体催化亚油酸等高碳脂肪酸与无水乙醇酯化反应,考察了亚油酸与乙醇的摩尔比、反应温度、离子液体用量等条件对亚油酸酯化反应结果的影响,优化了反应的工艺条件.适宜的反应条件为n(乙醇)n(亚油酸)=41,回流反应温度,[emim]BF4用量为反应物质量的42%.结果表明[emim]BF4离子液体对亚油酸等脂肪酸的酯化反应显示了优异的催化活性,亚油酸酯化率最高可达94%.反应产物与离子液体易于分离,离子液体循环使用5次以上,酯化率没有明显降低.     

MgO改性HMCM-22分子筛催化苯与甲醇烷基化制甲苯

采用机械湿混法制备了一系列MgO改性的HMCM-22分子筛催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、N₂物理吸/脱附、Py-IR等手段对改性催化剂的晶体结构、表面形貌、孔道变化和酸性酸量等性质进行了表征,发现负载MgO能够有效地调变HMCM-22分子筛的酸性,但对其孔道的调节效果较弱。采用微反装置评价催化剂性能,在进料比为1∶1、常压、温度为400℃、反应时间4h、质量空速WHSV=10h^-1的条件下,考察了不同MgO负载量下的MgO/HMCM-22催化性能,研究发现MgO负载量介于3%~6%的MgO/HMCM-22催化剂具有优越的催化性能,苯转化率＞50%,甲苯选择性＞60%。同时在该反应条件下,对3%MgO/HMCM-22催化剂的稳定性进行了考察,结果表明,反应40h内,苯的转化率始终保持在50%以上;反应至第80h时,苯的转化率仍然可达23%,且甲苯选择性始终保持在65%左右。     

氯铝酸离子液体催化苯与1-己烯的烷基化反应

研究了在具有 Lewis酸性的氯铝酸离子液体体系中进行的苯与 1 -己烯的烷基化反应。以溴化 1 -乙基 - 3 -甲基咪唑 (emim Br) ,溴化 1 -丁基 - 3 -甲基咪唑 (bmim Br) ,盐酸三乙胺 (Et3NHCl) ,溴化四丁基铵 (C4 H9NBr) ,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (C19H4 2 Br N)分别与 Al Cl3原位合成法制备离子液体催化体系。结果表明以上各种离子液体均有很高的催化活性 ,反应转化率在短时间内达到1 0 0 %。其中 Et3NHCl- Al Cl3离子液体单烷基选择性达到 98.1 %。而且催化剂易于分离并能重复使用 ,反应转化率没有明显降低     

离子液体催化合成环己烯

以环境友好的离子液体[BMIm]NO3为催化剂,采用环己醇脱水反应清洁合成环己烯。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量对产品收率的影响。结果表明,在[BMIm]NO3与环己醇的摩尔比为1∶33,于180℃、反应2 h的条件下,产品收率可以达到93%,离子液体催化剂重复使用4次时,环己烯的收率仍可达到88%。     

离子液体在烷基化反应中的应用

离子液体作为一种环境友好的催化剂和溶剂,受到了人们日益的关注。本文介绍了离子液体独特的性质,重点对离子液体在催化烯烃烷基化制高辛烷值烷基化汽油、苯与烯烃的烷基化制烷基苯,苯与卤代烷烃的烷基化以及萘、酚的烷基化反应中的应用进行综述。在这些反应中,离子液体不仅表现出良好的催化活性和选择性,同时具有产品易分离,催化剂可以循环使用,环境污染小和设备腐蚀不严重等优点。