基于构件的软件性能模型及评估技术研究

该文讲述了在基于构件的软件开发中,建立应用系统的性能模型,以及对系统的性能进行预测和评估的方法,并介绍了构建一个满足预期性能目标的软件系统的步骤。     

一种并行程序性能工具的研究与实现

随着高性能计算技术的不断发展,并行程序的设计、调试、优化逐渐成为并行技术应用的关键,而性能工具在提高并行程序的执行效率方面发挥着重要的作用。本文阐述了并行程序性能工具的系统结构,以及各个模块功能的原理,并实现了一个基于MPI消息统计的性能工具。     

Prescribed performance control approaches,applications and challenges: A comprehensive survey

As to control systems, transient performance is as important as steady-state performance. For some special dynamic systems, transient performance is a more prior index in comparison with the steady-state one. Prescribed performance control (PPC) has been proved to be a powerful tool that guarantees control system outputs/errors with desired transient performance as well as steady-state performance. The purpose of this paper is to give a comprehensive review on the latest developments of PPC theories and applications. The existing performance functions are classified into five different categories, and their features are comprehensively compared, providing a useful guidance for further applications. Then, the latest developments of PPC's applications in all kinds of control systems are recalled. Specially, the faced challenges and theoretical defects of PPC are discussed, which is expected to point out the further research direction for PPC.     

On the Performance Regularity of Web Servers

The performance regularity is concerned with the overall performance behavior of a system in the full spectrum of working area. Such a performance characteristic is generally overlooked and does not receive proper attention. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it raises awareness of the importance of the performance regularity of a Web server. Secondly, it introduces the Gini performance coefficient (GPC) as a scale-invariant metric for measuring the performance regularity. In this paper, we present the theorems that relate the performance regularity of a Web server to the GPC, thereby providing a quantitative yardstick that complements the system capacity metric such as maximum throughput for measuring the system performance. To illustrate the use of the proposed approach, we calculate the values of GPC for several representative systems that were used in the public SPECweb96 benchmark study. The results are completely in line with our theoretical analysis.     

Application of Relational Interval Arithmetic to Computer Performance Analysis: a Survey

This paper presents a survey of the existing work in the area of interval-based performance analysis of computing systems. Intervals in performance analysis is required when uncertainties or variabilities exist in the workload parameters for the performance model of the system. Intervals are also useful for computing upper and lower bounds on system performance. Most conventional analytic models accept a set of single valued parameters and produce a single valued model output. Adaptation of these existing models to handle interval parameters require new techniques that use interval arithmetic. Experiences with relational interval arithmetic provided by a constraint logic programming language in solving a number of performance analysis problems in conventional multiprogrammed computers as well as distributed processing systems are described.     

系统性能极限理论的回顾和展望

描述了系统性能极限理论的研究对象、背景和意义,并简要介绍了系统性能极限理论所涉及到的四个相关问题,如:左可逆与右可逆系统、零点与零点方向、极点与极点方向以及灵敏度函数与互补灵敏度函数.同时,从H2型性能极限、频域及H∞型性能极限、时域及其他性能极限三方面综述了系统性能极限理论的研究现状,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.     

PHOEBE: an automation framework for the effective usage of diagnosis tools in the performance testing of clustered systems

The identification of performance issues and the diagnosis of their root causes are time‐consuming and complex tasks, especially in clustered environments. To simplify these tasks, researchers have been developing tools with built‐in expertise for practitioners. However, various limitations exist in these tools that prevent their efficient usage in the performance testing of clusters (e.g. the need of manually analysing huge volumes of distributed results). In a previous work, we introduced a policy‐based adaptive framework (PHOEBE) that automates the usage of diagnosis tools in the performance testing of clustered systems, in order to improve a tester's productivity, by decreasing the effort and expertise needed to effectively use such tools. This paper extends that work by broadening the set of policies available in PHOEBE, as well as by performing a comprehensive assessment of PHOEBE in terms of its benefits, costs and generality (with respect to the used diagnosis tool). The performed evaluation involved a set of experiments in assessing the different trade‐offs commonly experienced by a tester when using a performance diagnosis tool, as well as the time savings that PHOEBE can bring to the performance testing and analysis processes. Our results have shown that PHOEBE can drastically reduce the effort required by a tester to do performance testing and analysis in a cluster. PHOEBE also exhibited consistent behaviour (i.e. similar time‐savings and resource utilisations), when applied to a set of commonly used diagnosis tools, demonstrating its generality. Finally, PHOEBE proved to be capable of simplifying the configuration of a diagnosis tool. This was achieved by addressing the identified trade‐offs without the need for manual intervention from the tester. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新的计算机抗攻击自身免疫模型

提出了一种新的计算机抗攻击自身免疫模型,形式化地阐述了模型如何使得不合法的程序和代码不能够执行,合法的程序和代码不能够执行未授权访问;合法的程序和代码的可疑行为受到严格的控制但是可以根据不同的阈值来保证实用性。这种模型不需要计算和识别计算机攻击的具体特征,而通过直接消除攻击能够实施破坏和传播的前提条件,使得计算机系统对攻击具备自身免疫能力。     

军用飞机预测与健康管理系统性能度量体系研究

基于健康退化曲线对军用飞机故障预测与健康管理( PHM)技术的内涵、基本功能和能力需求进行探讨,在此基础上,以科学评价PHM( prognostics and health management)系统的诊断和预测能力为目标,从能力需求出发提出PHM系统性能度量方法体系(包括诊断性能度量、预测性能度量以及综合度量),并对...     

面向对象冗余服务系统的性能分析与测试

通过对面向对象冗余服务系统的性能指标分析 ,结合实际应用中用户最为关心的性能价格比问题 ,利用数学分析模型 ,找出了满足冗余系统服务的最优解 ,并在此基础之上 ,对冗余系统的性能进行了分析与测试     

Security sieve: a technique for enhancing the performance of secure sockets layer-based distributed systems

Providing secure communication in distributed systems often introduces a performance penalty due to the CPU-intensive operations used by security protocols such as the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol. This paper proposes a technique, called security sieve, which enhances the performance of SSL-based document transmission. Security sieve separates the sensitive components from the non-sensitive components, and transmits the separated components over a secure channel and a (faster) non-secure channel, respectively. At the receiving end, the separated components are re-assembled to reconstruct the original document. A significant performance improvement with security sieve is observed for a number of system and workload parameters.     

IN‐Tune: an In‐Situ non‐invasive performance tuning tool for multi‐threaded Linux on symmetric multiprocessing Pentium workstations

This paper documents the design and implementation of the IN‐Tune software tool suite, which enables a user to collect real‐time code and hardware profiling information on Intel‐based symmetric multiprocessors running the Linux operating system. IN‐Tune provides a virtually non‐invasive tool for performance analysis and tuning of programs. Unlike other analysis tools, IN‐Tune isolates data with respect to individual threads. It also utilizes performance monitoring hardware registers to permit instrumentation of individual threads as they run in‐situ, thus collecting data with appropriate considerations for a multiprocessor environment. Data can be sampled using two different mechanisms. First, the user can collect data by making calls to the system upon the occurrence of specific software events. Secondly, data can be collected at a fixed, fine grain (e.g. 1–10 microseconds) interval using either software or hardware interrupts. To allow observation of codes for which source code modification is impractical or impossible, a ‘shell’ task is created which permits monitoring without code modification. Although this work deals with Intel processors and Linux, the widespread availability of performance monitoring registers in modern processors makes this work widely applicable. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈校园网网络性能评估

本文介绍了校园网网络性能评估背景和网络性能指标,针对网络性能指标提出了网络性能评估的技术与方法,并且介绍了如何选择评估工具,为校园网网络性能评估提供了理论依据。     

财政平台一体化应用系统性能测试

性能测试是通过模拟真实环境下的负载,采集系统各方面的性能指标,评估系统正常运行情况下的承受力和稳定性,分析系统的性能与存在的瓶颈。应用LoadRunner测试工具,从性能指标和性能测试方法两方面,深入地分析了性能测试过程和方法。根据县级财政平台一体化应用系统特点,设计模拟运行真实的业务场景,采用压力测试和负载测试获取性能指标,运用网页元素细分和关联度等进行详细分析性能瓶颈,并提出改善方法。     

通用绩效模型的设计与实现

从实践的角度,运用系统的方法,在研讨当前绩效管理过程的基础上提出了通用绩效模型.在通用绩效模型的实现方面,引入了指标的概念,运用了业务规则方法原理.通用绩效模型的设计与实现简化了绩效管理系统的设计,使得绩效管理的可操作性、可执行性更强,方便了企业的管理.     

一种基于硬件计数器的虚拟机性能干扰估算方法

虚拟化技术已成为云计算平台中的关键性支撑技术.它极大地提高了数据中心的资源利用率,降低了管理成本和能源消耗,但同时也为数据中心带来了新的问题——性能干扰.同一平台上的多虚拟机过度竞争某一底层硬件资源(如CPU,Cache等),会造成虚拟机性能严重下降;而出于安全性和可移植性的考虑,底层平台管理者需要尽量避免侵入式监测上层虚拟机,因而,如何透明而有效地从底层估算虚拟机性能干扰,成为虚拟化平台管理者必须面临的一个挑战.为应对以上挑战,提出了一种基于硬件计数器的虚拟机性能干扰估算方法.硬件计数器是程序运行期间产生的硬件事件信息(如CPU时间片、缓存失效次数等),已有工作主要利用大规模分布式系统任务相似性查找产生异常硬件计数器数据的节点,而没有探究硬件事件变化与性能干扰之间的直接关系.通过实验研究发现,硬件计数器(last level cache misses rates,简称LLC misses rates)与不同资源需求的应用性能干扰存在不同的关联关系;以此建立虚拟机性能干扰估算模型,估算虚拟机性能.实验结果表明:该方法可以有效地预测CPU密集型应用和网络密集型应用的性能干扰大小,并仅为系统带来小于10%的开销.     

A demonstration of repeatable,non‐intrusive measurement of program performance and compiler optimization in Linux using IN‐Tune

Collecting accurate program metrics is often complicated by environmental artifacts such as operating system workload, cache operation, and processor configuration. This paper demonstrates the ability of the IN‐Tune system to make accurate and repeatable measurements of program metrics by analyzing the computational workload of programs in the SPEC95 benchmark suite. It shows that metrics which are characteristic of program performance can be collected in both lightly loaded and heavily loaded environments without corruption. The IN‐Tune system accomplishes this by creating unique ‘virtual performance registers’ for each process or kernel thread monitored on an Intel processor. Further, this paper investigates the effect optimization has on the performance of the benchmarks. The results clearly show improvements in the quality of code generated by the compiler when optimizations are performed and that, whereas measurements of time can be misleading, the IN‐Tune measurements are not. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exploring cache performance in multithreaded processors

Multithreading is a well known technique to hide latency in a non-blocking cache architecture. By switching execution from one thread to another, the CPU can perform useful work, while waiting for pending requests to be processed by the main memory. In this paper we examine the effects of varying the associativity and block size on cache performance in a reduced locality of reference environment, due to multithreading. We find that for associativity equal to the number of threads, the cache produces very low miss rate even for small sizes. Also by taking into account the increase in cycle time due to larger cache size or associativity we find that the optimum cache configuration for best processor performance is 16Kbytes direct mapped. Finally, with a constant main memory bandwidth, increasing the block size to more than 32 bytes, reduces the miss rate, but degrades processor performance.     

龙芯1号微处理机性能模拟器

性能模拟器是现代微处理器结构设计过程中性能评估的重要工具．它要求灵活性好、运行速度快和准确度高，然而，实现这样一个模拟器除了工作量大之外，还需要相当的设计技巧．通过改造SimpleScalar的sim—outorder，开发了一个针对龙芯1号微处理器结构的性能模拟器，既减小了开发的工作量，又实现了灵活性、速度及准确度三者之间的平衡．实验数据表明，该性能模拟器平均运行速度在200KIPS以上，IPC平均偏差在10％以内．