施工项目管理视图模型分析与构建

针对我国施工项目管理现状和存在问题,分析了施工项目管理全过程的控制内容,提出适应信息化发展要求,以过程模型为核心,信息模型、门户模型、功能模型和知识模型通过网络进行集成的五大视图模型,有效地监督、控制、跟踪、管理项目中的所有活动,及时进行信息共享和交流,以及完整地保存项目过程中产生的所有文件。     

Multi-character model of the construction project definition process

In spite of its widely agreed significance, the construction project definition process is still a relatively new research topic. In VTT Building Technology a 2-year study of the project definition process was carried out. The study, which is called Preplanner, was a joint effort involving research institute and five companies representing owners of heavy industry. This paper presents the findings of sub-project of Preplanner study. The sub-project focused on the modelling of the project definition process. A multi-character model of the project definition process was obtained as the main result. The model provides a balanced representation of various characteristics of the project definition process. The feedback obtained from company personnel suggests that, compared with the other identified models, this model provides improved capabilities to explain the nature of the project definition process.     

建立全程管理体制 加强工程造价管理

在激烈的竞争年代,为了与世界接轨,更有效地降低施工项目成本,提高企业收益,建设工程造价控制就必须强化全程管理意识,建立全程管理体制,将工程造价控制贯穿于建设项目决策、项目设计、工程招投标、项目施工、竣工结算等整个施工环节,并针对目前工程造价管理体制存在的弊端,采取措施,提高造价专业人员的素质和业务水平,才能在新形势下立足根本,不断发展。     

基于PIP和BLM的施工项目管理集成模型构建研究

针对施工项目管理的现状和存在的问题以及当前信息化发展的要求,文章在视图模型分析的基础上,提出了基于项目信息门户（PIP）和建设工程生命周期管理（BLM）的项目信息化管理系统模型（简称为BLMIS-PIP）在施工阶段的应用。通过功能子模型实现对项目的全方位控制、信息子模型实现各方信息的收集管理、门户子模型实现沟通协调功能、知识子模型提供项目实施的依据,过程子模型实现施工全过程管理。将施工项目的五大视图模型进行集成,及时地进行信息共享和信息交流,可有效地跟踪控制和管理项目中的所有活动,实现项目管理信息化。     

基于系统动力学CM/Agency模式的建设项目产品供应链研究

建设项目产品供应链分析优化作为建设项目精益化的重要目标,一直受到建设工程领域专家的广泛关注。以建设项目最终产品——物质产品和精神产品为贯穿建设期间流程的两条线,运用系统动力学相关知识,对物资流和信息流进行分析后,得出建设项目在建设期间的全流程产品供应链。并在产品供应链的基础上,以上海某项目为例,进一步利用系统动力学相关方法对该项目的建设模式进行仿真,得到CM模式下项目建设的优劣势,并得到比选方案的一些原则,为建设项目前期决策提供理论依据和决策支持。     

How to go global: A transformative process model for the transition towards globally distributed software development projects

We employ design science research to develop a process model for the management of globally distributed software development (GDSD) projects. The model provides guidance for transforming established project frameworks in organizations to cope with additional challenges that a global project scale entails. The model integrates extant GDSD project management knowledge and makes it actionable for project managers, especially those with limited GDSD experience. The model was evaluated and found to be effective in transforming an actual GDSD project with teams in Germany, Poland, and India. Interviews with project managers with and without GDSD experience support the model's wider applicability to other contexts and IT project types. The model can also be used in GDSD project retrospectives to identify areas for improvement. In a research perspective, our model constitutes a novel type and instance of a social meta-artefact intended to transform existing social artefacts to retain their usefulness in evolving contexts.     

4D CAD model updating using image processing-based construction progress monitoring

For a four-dimensional (4D) computer-aided design (CAD) model to be useful for users throughout a construction project, the model must be updated in a timely and accurate manner during the construction. Only when it has been properly updated can the 4D CAD model reflect the real progress of a construction site to inform managerial decision making. However, updating a 4D CAD model is time-consuming and labor-intensive because the full updating process, from site data acquisition to 4D model regeneration, is typically conducted manually. This difficulty in updating a 4D model discourages industry practitioners from actively adopting 4D models. This paper presents an image processing-based methodology for the automatic updating of a 4D CAD model. Characterized by 3D CAD-based image mask filters, color-based noise removal, and area-based progress calculation, the image processing approach provides as-built schedule information. The schedule information is then automatically integrated with an existing 3D CAD model in batch-processing modes to produce the updated 4D CAD model. The proposed methodology was applied and verified in a cable-stayed bridge construction project and is expected to facilitate the wider use of 4D CAD models in the construction industry.     

Promoting the integration of users and developers to achieve a collective mind through the screening of information system projects

The active and fruitful participation of users in the development projects of information systems (IS) is a crucial factor in achieving success. However, difficulties such as conflict and apathy often plague IS development projects that do not rely on building effective partnerships between users and those responsible for the development. Partnering ideas have been proposed that consider the building of relationships earlier in the life cycle of the development project. With this in mind, we propose going back further to the screening process and build a model that establishes how directed screening of projects to consider user-related criteria can improve the active participation of users by fostering trust, knowledge exchange, and a collective mind in the project team among users and developers. The model is tested with a sample of IS project managers and finds that project performance can be enhanced by attending to screening criteria that consider the user perspective when selecting projects to add to the organizational portfolio.     

Application of ANP in process models: An example of strategic partnering

Analytic network process (ANP) is a new tool for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) but can also be applied in academic research to prioritize factors or criteria. It enhances the function of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to develop a complete model that can incorporate interdependent relationships between elements from different levels or within levels, which are assumed to be uncorrelated in AHP. Although ANP has recently been applied in the construction field, it cannot be applied easily to process models. This is because its concept does not consider the impacts of an element on another element occurring at different periods in a process, such as stages, phases, etc. This paper uses the strategic partnering model as an example to present a method that helps to form the super-matrix for process models. The procedure of ANP is also highlighted in this paper.     

基于Revit的装修质量信息模型研究

基于信息化理论的BIM技术的兴起为解决建筑装饰装修质量问题提供了新的思路。本文提出建筑装修质量信息模型(D-QIM)的概念。通过分析建筑装饰装修质量控制的现状,根据质量控制事前、事中、事后三大基本环节,设计了与其相匹配的质量需求信息模型、监控信息模型和验收信息模型三大基础信息模型。以Revit为平台,结合二次开发技术和数据库技术,分析了各基础信息模型的功能需求及实现算法。最后阐述了其应用流程,并通过实例验证了D-QIM在装饰装修质量控制中的可操作性。     

浅谈建筑施工企业的生产经营管理

从建筑施工企业生产经营的主要计划经营管理、工程项目管理、成本控制管理、人力资源管理、企业薪酬管理、企业文化建设六个方面进行了论述,阐明了具体管理内容和个人观点,指出了管理过程中常出现的一些问题,并提出解决问题的具体措施,以促进企业发展。     

Manipulating the flow of design information to improve the programming of building design

The increasing complexity of modern buildings and the use of fast-track methods of procurement systems has meant the expeditious and successful completion of the design phase of a project has become ever more important. This paper describes a research methodology that can help plan the building design process. Design models, based on data flow diagrams, have been developed to map information flows during the design of a modern building. These models are analysed using Steward's design structure matrix, which allows ordering of the tasks to produce schedules or design plans based solely on information flowing between design tasks. Traditional ordering is based on experience but modern complex projects require a more rigorous approach. Design is an inherently iterative activity and design structure matrix analysis reveals how to order most efficiently interdependent tasks and use estimates of design information further to improve the scheduling of design tasks.     

Augmented IDEF1-based process-oriented information modeling

Disclosing explicit knowledge about a domain is the preliminary requirement for the development of generic product models or data models in this domain. Quite a few process and information modeling methods have been developed, or are under development during the past years. However, these methods and tools are not completely compatible with each other, which causes inefficiency in the development process. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of model development, the augmented IDEF1-based process-oriented information modeling methodology is proposed in this paper. The proposed methodology integrates the IDEF0 process model with the enhanced IDEF1 information model by which the information requirements can be easily identified and analyzed through the corresponding process models. As these information models intend to characterize the flow of information, they are independent of any specific process models. Thus, they lay the foundation for the development of base-level representations. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the simplicity, effectiveness, and user-friendliness of the proposed methodology to carry out information requirement analysis.     

Integrating building information models with construction process simulations for project scheduling support

Many construction practitioners and researchers have developed four-dimensional (4D) models by linking the three-dimensional (3D) components of a building information model (BIM) with the network activities of a project schedule. In such a 4D model, the BIM provides limited information, except for the 3D components. To enhance the benefits of using BIM in 4D applications, this study proposes an interface system that uses the BIMs ability with regard to quantity takeoffs of required materials (such as steel, forms, and concrete) to support site-level operations simulation, ultimately leading to the generation of a project schedule. Our proposed system includes mechanisms that collect, store, and transfer information among various software packages. Facilitated by the BIM's quantity takeoffs, the operations simulation is able to consider uncertain durations of work tasks, which allows it to consider the competing needs for resources among multiple work tasks, and to evaluate various resource allocation strategies in order to create a suitable construction plan. Finally, the resulting project schedule is also linked to the BIM 3D components, thus producing an improved BIM-based 4D model.     

OPIS: An Object Model–Based Project Information System

Abstract: Future computer-aided project management (CAPM) software will be greatly improved through the technologies of project modeling—the rich, general-purpose representation of the project in the computer—and system integration—the sharing of computer models among applications. Our approach is to achieve system integration by establishing standard models that all applications can adopt and share. This requires a standard data model that specifies the general data-representation approach, a standard domain model that provides a schema or language for representing construction information, and a project model or database for information about a specific project that can be shared among multiple computer applications. This paper reviews these standard models and then describes our prototype integrated system called the object model–based project information system, or OPIS. OPIS uses a shared object–oriented database as the central unifying core of an integrated project planning system that includes an interface to an intelligent CADD program, a plan-generation expert system, an estimating application, and a scheduling application. OPIS demonstrates the feasibility and power of using standard object-oriented project models to achieve CAPM system integration.     

Influence of process performance during the construction stage on achieving end‐project goals

Within a project environment, good process performance can be seen as indicative of eventual success of achieving end‐project goals. A model is proposed for identifying the links between process performance during construction and end‐project goals. The model is developed using process mapping technique to identify a number of process‐based key performance indicators (KPIs) designed for use in controlling process performance in the construction stage. These KPIs were then linked to generic project goals to measure the perceived degree of influence of process performance on the achievement of end‐project goals. The strength of these links within the model was established through a number of in‐depth interviews with respondents. Analysis of the results using methods of ranking and statistics has shown that some processes are perceived to have stronger relationships with the end‐project goals than others. The proposed process‐based KPIs hence offer an opportunity for control of the processes during the construction stage and eventually to influence the projects’ outcomes. In addition to the management of project time and cost, the model provides a broader focus of control that includes other multiple aspects such as the management of interactions between internal and external stakeholders as well as of information and quality management.     

Integrated AEC Information Services Using Object Methods and a Central Project Model

A new paradigm is presented in which designers, contractors, and suppliers process project information, which is stored in a central project model, by using application routines provided on–line as object–oriented methods instead of stand–alone applications. Commercial project management Web site companies can provide the service through application methods tightly coupled with a project model. The development and use of such "intelligent" object sets is exemplified by the use of intelligent parametric templates (IPT) in three sample applications: for RC slab design, formwork design, and labor monitoring. The research requirements relating to the proposed paradigm are discussed, in light of the experience gained in development of the IPTs. The paradigm offers a technical and economic alternative to the development of industry–wide building project models.     

Modelling multiple views on buildings

The building practice is characterized by its loose organization of the different participants, that each perform a specific role in a building project and have a specific view on the building project data. When modelling building information, it is useful to base the structure of a building model on these views. This can be done by the use of aspect models. This paper presents an approach in which aspect models are used to store view specific information. The approach is illustrated with an outline of a building reference model. The building reference model consists of a general kernel and view dependent aspect models. This model is first worked out for one decomposition level, the space unit level. After that the model is extended with other decomposition levels.     

Transformation of a 4D product and process model to generate motion of mobile cranes

Modeling and visualization of motion of mobile cranes enable project engineers to identify possible spatial conflicts related to cranes prior to actual operation on job sites and hence, could minimize hazardous conditions and delays associated with spatial conflicts. Current tools for visualizing equipment motion in three dimensions (3D) and across time have limitations due to their reliance on users in modeling a sequence of movement of each piece of equipment experientially and manually. This paper presents an approach for automatically generating motions of mobile cranes to support conflict detection. This approach builds on and extends existing approaches in product and process modeling and visualization of construction operations. It takes a product and process model that contains building design and schedule information of a specific project together with specifications of cranes and construction methods utilized by the project as input. The crane specifications and construction methods constitute project-independent information that describes how cranes should be operated during the execution of activities. The output of the approach is a transformed product and process model that incorporates a set of operations and motions of cranes, which can be used for identifying spatial conflicts associated with crane operations. Validation studies show that the developed approach can be used to model different types of mobile cranes and generate their motion during operations, which enables detection of spatial conflicts related to cranes.