Demulsification of Emulision Liquid Membrane by Wetting Coalescence Materials

Demulsification of emulsified water-in-oil droplets was worked out with the employment of wetting coalescence materials. Demulsification is carried out in conventional stirred-column and packed-column. Among the four kinds of natural fibers and two kinds of inorganic materials tested, natural fiber A, originated from wood shavings was found to give the best performance of demulsification. The demulsification efficiency can exceed 96.5% when demulsification conditions are optimized. The packed-column showed much better performance both in terms of demulsification efficiency and repeated use of the recovered oil phase for extracting cadmium in simulated wastewater. Operating variables governing the demulsification efficiency were investigated.     

Demulsification of Emulision Liquid Membrane by Wetting Coalescence Materials

  Demulsification of emulsified water-in-oil droplets was worked out with the employment of wetting coalescence materials. Demulsification is carried out in conventional stirred-column and packed-column. Among the four kinds of natural fibers and two kinds of inorganic materials tested, natural fiber A, originated from wood shavings was found to give the best performance of demulsification. The demulsification efficiency can exceed 96.5% when demulsification conditions are optimized. The packed-column showed much better performance both in terms of demulsification efficiency and repeated use of the recovered oil phase for extracting cadmium in simulated wastewater. Operating variables governing the demulsification efficiency were investigated.     

超声与离心联用对乳状液破乳的研究

本文提出超声、离心联合作用于乳状液破乳的方法,采用正交实验研究离心时间、离心转速、超声破乳功率和超声破乳时间等因素对破乳效果的影响。研究表明,超声与离心联合作用可以使乳状液在较小的离心转速下,快速破乳。最佳工艺条件为：离心时间4min、离心转速1000r~min～、超声破乳功率40W、超声破乳时间2min,该条件下破乳率能达到97％。     

Kinetics of demulsification of food protein-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions

Demulsification of food protein stabilized oil-in-water emulsions was determined as a function of time. Demulsification conformed to the empirical equation q′-Q t/(B+t), where q′ is the increase in moisture content of the down layer of emulsions at time t, Q is the maximum increase in moisture content, and B is the time required to gain Q/2. Emulsions separate water according to a second order rate law, which would indicate that flocculation is the rate determining step in demulsification.     

一种新型膜法破乳技术

膜法破乳技术是材料科学与化工分离技术交叉而产生的一种分离技术 ,它广泛应用在石油工业中的原油脱水、采油废水、原油碱洗产生的乳化液 ,环境工业中含有机废水的处理 ,液液接触如萃取过程中形成的乳液或溶液夹带等方面 ,对破乳技术的研究是化工分离技术研究的重要课题。本文在总结传统破乳技术的基础上介绍了新型膜法破乳技术的研究进展 ,对膜法破乳技术进行了展望 ,提出了目前存在的问题。     

无机盐对新疆油田二元驱过程中乳状液影响研究

乳状液稳定性对于化学驱提高原油采收率具有非常重要的作用,稳定性过强会导致采出液破乳困难;稳定性过弱,乳状液会很快破乳,使复合驱油体系波及体积受到影响。系统研究了不同类型无机盐对新疆油田二元复合驱油体系乳状液稳定性的影响。结果表明,无机盐可以加速水包油型乳状液的破乳,特别是二价阳离子,能将破乳率提高1倍以上;阴离子的种类对乳状液的稳定性影响较弱。无机盐对乳状液破乳效率的影响与离子价态和Zeta电位有关。     

乳化油废水自然沉降破乳实验研究

以浓相体积变化分数取得最大值后下降速度的快慢作为表征乳化油废水自然沉降破乳效果好坏的方法。研究了表面活性剂的类型、表面活性剂浓度、pH值和温度对自然沉降破乳效果的影响规律。结果表明:以非离子表面活性剂为乳化剂的模型乳化油废水自然沉降破乳效果最好;表面活性剂浓度越小,自然沉降破乳效果越明显;强碱环境下因乳状液发生絮凝,有利于自然沉降破乳;自然沉降破乳存在一个最佳的温度或温度范围,温度偏高或偏低都会影响破乳效果。     

化学破乳特性与高分子聚合物破乳

乳浊液中含有大量的油类和表面活性剂,并以微细的颗粒液珠高度分散在水中,具有相当的稳定性。因此,破乳是处理乳化液废水的关键之所在。以阴离子表面活性剂作乳化剂的Ｏ／Ｗ型乳化液为研究对象,通过试验,分析乳化液的浓度、乳化液的ＰＨ值等因素对破乳的影响。并比较了聚合硫酸铝与聚合硫酸铁的破乳效果,分析了聚合硫酸铁的破乳机理及特性。说明聚合硫酸铁是一种新型高效的破乳剂,值得广泛推广,以利于更经济有效地治理乳化液     

MPEG grafted quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan for demulsification of crude oil emulsions

Four novel environmentally friendly and highly branched crude oil demulsifiers were prepared by using different molecular weight (M_n = 350, 750, 1000, 1900 g/mol) of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) to modify quaternized N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan. Fourier transform infrared and ¹H‐nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to confirm the structure of the demulsifiers. The surface tension of demulsifies was determined and hydrophile–lipophile balance value was calculated at the critical micelle concentration. The demulsification performance was evaluated by the bottle test method against water‐in‐oil emulsions simulated in the laboratory and it was found that the dehydration rate of four demulsifiers can come to 74.2%–80.4%, which have better demulsification performance than the commercial demulsifier JL‐1. Demulsification mechanism was discussed, and it was encouraging to find that the tiny water droplets in the emulsion coalesced to form the water phase and separated with the water from the polarization microscope. Results show that methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) grafted quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan has a promising application as a demulsifiers for dealing with W/O crude oil emulsions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45867.     

高浓度切削液废水酸析-混凝破乳试验研究

针对某机械制造厂机械加工过程中产生的高浓度切削液废水进行破乳预处理试验,比较8种絮凝剂的混凝破乳效果,研究了投加助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)以及调节p H对混凝破乳的影响,通过正交试验,综合技术可行性,优选出最佳破乳条件。结果表明,聚合氯化铝(PAC)为最佳絮凝剂;废水加浓硫酸酸析,p H降至6后,PAC投加量为6 g/L,PAM投加量为0.1 g/L,混合快搅5 min,絮凝慢搅5 min,静沉30 min后,废水COD去除率可达61.2%。     

中原油田老化油回掺电破乳脱水

采用自制的矩形波高压/高频脉冲交流电源和高压/工频电源,对中原油田的老化油和原油进行了破乳脱水性能的对比实验,考察了电场频率、电压、老化油含量、含水率等对老化油破乳效果的影响. 结果表明,在一定范围内适当提高电场频率有利于老化油破乳,1500 Hz较500 Hz的脱水率平均提高10.3%,最高达35.0%;高频电场脱水效果远优于工频电场;适当提高电场强度有利于老化油破乳,4 kV较1 kV的脱水效率平均提高40.6%,最高达81.1%.     

Demulsification of o/w emulsion and subsequent water treatment using powder adsorbent

Demulsification of stable oil-in-water emulsion was studied using powder adsorbent. Among various adsorbents tested, activated carbon was found to be the most efficient regardless of the type of surfactants used. The more dose of activated carbon for the demulsification was required, the higher concentration of the surfactant as well as the larger amount of oil and the bigger size of the lipophilic and hydrophilic groups. Empirical equations were obtained to correlate the dose of activated carbon to the residual concentration of oil as a function of the initial concentration of surfactant.     

物理法原油破乳研究进展

介绍了超声波破乳法、微波破乳法、电破乳法、研磨破乳法、膜破乳法等近几年较热门的油水乳状液物理破乳方法,综述了各方法的破乳机理和国内外研究进展,着重分析了超声波破乳法和微波破乳法的研究现状和发展方向,表明两者是最具前景的物理破乳法,指出未来原油破乳的发展趋势是高效、节能、环保。     

电场作用下双液滴聚合特性

乳状液破乳分离是目前高含水期油田开采过程中难以解决的技术问题,电场破乳方法具有高效清洁等优点,是解决该问题的有效手段。采用数值模拟与试验验证相结合的方法研究电脱水过程中阶跃、斜坡电场诱导下双液滴的聚合与分离特性。结果表明,在斜坡电场作用下,界面张力引起的泵吸作用大于电场力引起的颈缩作用,有利于液滴聚并,且液滴发生二次乳化现象的概率降低。而施加阶跃电场时,一定范围内能够达到液滴破乳的目的,但液滴在聚并过程中易发生二次乳化现象。从电场对连续相影响的角度分析发现,阶跃电场不仅对液滴具有驱动作用,对连续相的影响也较为明显,阶跃电场会增大连续相内湍流作用,不利于电脱水过程。因此,采用斜坡信号诱导液滴聚合能够降低二次乳化现象发生的概率。     

Synthesis and Demulsification of Two Lower Generation Hyperbranched Polyether Surfactants

A lower generation hyperbranched molecular skeleton R₁₂-1.0G was synthesized with methanol as solvent by means of Michael addition and amidation condensation reaction with C₁₂ fatty amine, acrylate, and ethylenediamine as raw materials. The structure was characterized by IR and ¹H NMR spectrum. Two lower generation hyperbranched polyethers were further synthesized by means of a skeleton as raw materials through addition reaction with epoxyethane and epoxypropare, respectively. The surface tension, cloud point, and HLB value of the hyperbranched polyethers were determined systematically. On this basis, the demulsification of two hyperbranched polyethers for simulated emulsion was studied in this paper. The results showed that two hyperbranched polyethers are typical surfactants, and they show different demulsification for the simulated emulsion. The structure of polyethers can influence the demulsification performance, and the main factor is the molecular block structure. The demulsification mechanism of two hyperbranched polyethers was studied using the single-droplet protocol, and the dynamic data of drainage time, half life time, and rupture rate constant obtained are consistent with the demulsification law of the hyperbranched polyethers. This study may be helpful in accounting for the demulsification mechanism and for developing effective demulsifiers with new structure.     

无机微孔膜外压内抽法对W/O乳状液破乳效果影响的研究

基于膜法破乳技术的研究进展,采用无机微孔膜,以外压内抽方式对W/O乳状液进行了破乳的研究。以NaOH+煤油+液体石蜡+Span80为研究体系,实验研究了影响破乳效果的重要参数透过压方式、膜孔径等对膜通量和破乳率的影响。实验结果表明,亲水性无机微孔膜外压内抽方式破乳,是一种更有效的膜法破乳新方法,此过程受透过压方式和膜孔径的影响较大。膜孔径越小,破乳率越高,膜通量越小;外压内抽方式的破乳效果优于单外压方式的破乳效果。实验数据表明,对于粒径为5～25μm乳液,用膜孔径为2.0μm的SiC微孔膜,在外压60kPa,内负压30kPa的外压内抽破乳方式下破乳,破乳率可达96.4%,膜通量可达900L/(m2·h)。     

Interfacial and Demulsifying Behavior of Novel Fluorinated Hyperbranched Polymers

In our previous study, a series of novel hyperbranched fluoropolymers with polyglycerol as the core and poly(hexafluorobutyl acrylate) as hydrophobic arms were synthesized. As potential demulsifier for lubricants, the demulsification behavior, dynamic interfacial tension, and dilational rheological properties of the fluorinated polymers were investigated in this paper. The influence of polymer concentration and molecular structure on the interfacial properties was analyzed. We conclude that the diffusion rate of the polymers and the viscoelastic properties of the water–oil interface are critical factors in determining the demulsification performance. The longer hydrophobic chains of the fluorinated polymers leads to a faster and more effective interfacial adsorption, which is favorable to improve demulsification efficiency. In contrast, the longer hydrophobic chain also enhances the elastic property of interface due to its entangled structure, which is unfavorable to demulsification. As a result, the polymer with medium hydrophobic chain length show the best demulsification performance.     

操作参数和物性参数对超声波污油破乳的影响

引言 随着以注水为主要手段的二次采油和以注聚合物溶液为主要手段的三次采油技术的广泛应用,在石油开采过程中产生了大量的污油污水,其破乳分离的难度也越来越大,重力分离、离心分离等常规分离方法已经不能满足实际工况的需求[1-2].超声波破乳脱水技术利用了超声波的机械振动、空化及热效应,能够达到较好的油水两相分离的效果,已经成为一项新兴的技术,得到了学者们的广泛关注[3-5].     

W／O型乳状液破乳技术进展

介绍了近年来W／O型乳状液的破乳技术,包括重力法、离心法、加热法、化学法、电学法、微波辐射法、超声波法、膜法、微生物法、磁处理法、冷冻解冻法、研磨法、润湿聚结法以及针对于沥青质薄膜决定稳定性的W／O型稠油乳化液的新型CO2破乳法,归纳了各种方法的破乳机理和研究现状,并概述了各种技术的应用特点,为其工业应用提供参考。     

超大宽高比螺旋板式微通道对O/W乳状液的破乳研究

设计加工出一种高分离通量的三维螺旋板式微通道 （three-dimensional spiral plate-type microchannel,3D-SPM）,利用该微通道内的亲油疏水表面与三维螺旋微结构之间的耦合作用,强化了对水包油（O/W）型乳状液的破乳过程。结合计算机模拟方法,研究了微通道片数、乳状液体积流速、停留时间对破乳率的影响。实验结果表明：随着微通道片数的增加,破乳率增加,破乳后的液滴粒径逐渐减小;随着乳状液体积流速的增加,破乳率呈先上升后下降的趋势,体现出通道的表面作用和Dean涡流作用的耦合效果,最大单次破乳率为25%;随着停留时间的增加,破乳率增加,8次循环破乳后,最大破乳率为85.9%。通过计算机模拟发现：随着流速增加,微通道矩形截面中Dean涡流的个数及强度随之增加,涡流区域不断向上下壁面拓展,当体积流速为8 ml/min时Dean涡流的个数达到最大为2对,此时壁面剪切速率为5527 s^-1,达到最大破乳率,进一步提升流速,由于壁面处剪切速率和Dean涡流扰动过大,导致破乳率降低。