一种基于并行覆盖前馈优先神经网络的说话人识别方法

为实现对说话人特征空间多聚类区的有效识别,提出一种基于并行覆盖前馈优先级网络(PcPONN)的说话人识别方法.该方法以LBG算法生成每个说话人特征空间初始的聚类中心,对本类样本按聚类中心分类后,用前馈优先级神经网络(PONN)对每个聚类区进行并行覆盖.相关实验证明,PCPONN符合说话人特征空间点的分布特点,得到更好的稳定性和更高的识别率.     

一种高维数据聚类遗传算法

聚类分析是数据挖掘中的一个重要研究课题。在许多实际应用中,聚类分析的数据往往具有很高的维度,例如文档数据、基因微阵列等数据可以达到上千维,而在高维数据空间中,数据的分布较为稀疏。受这些因素的影响,许多对低维数据有效的经典聚类算法对高维数据聚类常常失效。针对这类问题,本文提出了一种基于遗传算法的高维数据聚类新方法。该方法利用遗传算法的全局搜索能力对特征空间进行搜索,以找出有效的聚类特征子空间。同时,为了考察特征维在子空间聚类中的特征,本文设计出一种基于特征维对子空间聚类贡献率的适应度函数。人工数据、真实数据的实验结果以及与k-means算法的对比实验证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

核协同表示在人脸识别的遮挡问题中的应用

人脸识别算法是一个特征提取和分类器设计的过程.针对人脸识别中的遮挡问题,提出一种基于核主成分分析(KPCA)和协同表示(CRC)相结合的人脸识别算法.提取特征时,利用KPCA提取人脸图像中利于判决的非线性结构特征,使得样本在保留了最有效判别信息的同时降低了特征维数.设计分类器时,考虑到样本之间的协同性,采用综合考虑样本之间信息的协同表示分类器进行分类识别.实验结果证明,该算法获得了很好的识别效果,效率也得到了提高.     

一种基于数据流的软子空间聚类算法

针对高维数据的聚类研究表明,样本在不同数据簇往往与某些特定的数据特征子集相对应.因此,子空间聚类技术越来越受到关注.然而,现有的软子空间聚类算法都是基于批处理技术的聚类算法,不能很好地应用于高维数据流或大规模数据的聚类研究中.为此,利用模糊可扩展聚类框架,与熵加权软子空间聚类算法相结合,提出了一种有效的熵加权流数据软子空间聚类算法——EWSSC(entropy-weighting streaming subspace clustering).该算法不仅保留了传统软子空间聚类算法的特性,而且利用了模糊可扩展聚类策略,将软子空间聚类算法应用于流数据的聚类分析中.实验结果表明,EWSSC 算法对于高维数据流可以得到与批处理软子空间聚类方法近似一致的实验结果.     

APT样本的有效网络特征筛选算法

在研究APT攻击的防御方案过程中，针对提取APT样本网络特征的维数过高问题，提出一种基于[k]-means++聚类的APT样本有效网络特征筛选算法。该算法的思路是首先基于聚类的思想将提取的原特征集划分成APT流量特征集与背景流量特征集，然后计算去掉某一维特征向量后聚类性能的变化程度，最后根据该结果评价该特征向量的区分度。其中，有效特征向量即为区分度超过设定阈值的特征向量。目的就是从提取的原特征集中筛选出有效特征，达成对特征的降维，从而降低后续威胁情报形成和部署检测工作的时空开销。实验结果表明，该算法具有一定可行性，针对此问题相比于其他筛选算法具有一定的优势。     

基于谱聚类欠取样的不均衡数据SVM分类算法

提出一种基于谱聚类欠取样的不均衡数据支持向量机(SVM)分类算法.该算法首先在核空间中对多数类样本进行谱聚类;然后在每个聚类中根据聚类大小和该聚类与少数类样本间的距离,选择具有代表意义的信息点;最终实现训练样本间的数目均衡.实验中将该算法同其他不均衡数据预处理方法相比较,结果表明该算法不仅能有效提高SVM算法对少数类的分类性能,而且总体分类性能及运行效率都有明显提高.     

行人导航状态识别与传感器优化选择

摘要：为避免过多传感器的配置在行人导航状态分类时引入冗余信息,提出了一种传感器配置优化方法。根据采集的惯性传感器三轴加速度和角速度信息,基于K均值聚类算法(K-means)、自组织映射算法(SOM)和混合高斯聚类算法(EM-GMM)对行人运动状态进行识别;选取轮廓系数、戴维森堡丁指数、卡林斯基-哈拉巴斯指数三个内部评价指标及执行时间对聚类效果进行综合对比,得出在行人状态识别中K-means聚类方法较优;基于K-means聚类最优模型,对二维、三维、六维不同传感器配置下的轮廓系数进行综合对比,得出二维和三维行人惯性导航系统即可有效实现行人运动状态识别,有效解决了六维特征空间中因多变量复杂相关导致的难以准确建模的难题,为多传感器的行人导航状态识别提供了新途径。     

一种可用于入侵防范的步态识别方法研究

提出一种可用于入侵防范系统中的步态识别方法。该方法以足底压力信息为基础,采用卷积神经网络模型进行步态特征提取。首先,用压力测试板采集行人的足底压力信息并作相应的预处理;然后,结合K均值聚类和卷积神经网络方法的自学习特性得到足底压力信息的特征表示;最后,对所获得的特征表示进行分类识别。在典型数据集上的比较试验表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于Gabor和改进LDA的人耳识别

针对人耳识别中无法避免的小样本问题,提出了基于Gabor特征和改进LDA(ILDA)的识别算法。该算法首先提取人耳局部Gabor特征,然后重新定义Fisher准则和类内分散度矩阵,再将高维空间映射到低维后寻找最优投影方向,最后利用训练样本与测试样本特征投影值的欧氏距离进行分类识别。与传统方法相比,新算法能有效解决人耳识别中的小样本问题,获得较高的识别准确率。     

基于足底压力分布时空HOG特征的步态识别方法

提出一种基于足底压力分布时空HOG的步态识别算法,在特征层对足底压力的时间域和空间域信息进行融合。首先寻找足底总压力时间曲线上的极大值和极小值等几个特征点,利用这几个特征点所对应时刻的足底压力分布来构建时空HOG特征向量,最后采用SVM进行步态识别。采集不同行走速度下30人的单步足底压力分布数据进行实验,在不区分样本速度的情况下,该方法的识别率为93。5%。实验结果表明足底压力分布时空HOG特征能较好地刻画步态动力学特征,且具有良好的速度适应性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.