激光诱导ABS塑料表面电磁屏蔽功能线路的制备

通过激光诱导化学镀技术实现了ABS塑料表面电磁屏蔽功能电子线路的制备。将10 g/L NiSO_4·6H_2O+40 g/L NaH_2PO_2·H_2O混合溶液涂覆于铜线路表面,利用激光雕刻机以0.1 mm的光斑直径和5 mm/s的扫描速率对预先用类似方法在ABS塑料上制备的铜线路镀层进行扫描活化,然后化学镀Ni–P–Cu合金。采用扫描电镜、能谱仪、法兰同轴测试系统、四探针测试仪和热循环试验对线路的表面形貌、组成、电磁屏蔽性能、电阻率和结合力进行表征。结果表明,活化后的线路表面附着一层20 nm左右的Ni微粒,所得Ni–P–Cu合金镀层的电磁屏蔽效能接近80 dB,屏蔽功能线路的电阻率为3.72×10~(-8)?·m,结合力良好。     

ABS塑料表面无钯活化化学镀铜

以20 g/L硫酸铜(CuSO_4)溶液为预活化液、50 g/L次亚磷酸钠(NaH_2PO_2)酸性溶液为活化液,在高温条件下直接还原吸附在丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)塑料上的铜离子形成活化中心,实现了ABS塑料表面无钯活化化学镀铜。通过单因素分析法研究了基体预活化时间、活化液p H值、活化温度及时间对基体镀层覆盖率的影响。采用扫描电镜与能谱仪对活化后基体的表面形貌和元素成分进行分析,利用X射线衍射仪分析了镀层结构,并通过高低温冲击法对镀层结合性进行评价。结果表明,当预活化时间为20 min,活化液p H值为3,活化温度为70℃,活化时间为10 min时,活化效果最佳;活化后,基体表面生成大量胞状铜微粒,对化学镀铜具有较强的催化作用;施镀后,镀层结构均匀致密,覆盖率为100%,结合性良好。     

ABS塑料表面电沉积铜工艺研究

介绍了一种ABS塑料表面电沉积铜工艺,工艺流程主要包括:表面整理,去应力,粗化,敏化,活化,化学镀铜,光亮酸性镀铜.通过平行试验得到ABS塑料上电镀铜的较佳工艺条件为:无水硫酸铜140g/L,硫酸60g/L,氯离子30mg/L,光亮剂3 mL/L,磷铜片阳极(P含量为0.03%～0.06%),温度40℃,电流密度1.5～3.0A/dm2,电镀时间5 min.扫描电镜及性能测试结果表明,所得铜镀层光亮、均匀,与塑料基体结合良好.     

塑料基体直接电镀的前处理工艺

塑料基体直接电镀的工艺为:用含Pd2+离子的CrO3和H2SO4混合液进行粗化,使其表面获得均匀的粗糙度和改善后续活化工艺中钯的吸附效果。在还原工序中添加了一种特殊的表面活性剂,来增加钯的吸附。经过铜置换工序,Cu2+及其络合物在塑料表面移除了Sn2+,使得表面形成钯铜的导电膜,可以直接镀酸性铜。新型塑料电镀工艺不仅无需使用化学镀,而且操作更加容易,稳定性提高,废水处理简单,大大缩短了生产时间,生产中途无需更换挂具,生产率大大提高。     

2-巯基苯并噻唑对化学镀铜的影响

以甲醛为还原剂,研究了2-巯基苯并噻唑(2-MBT)对ABS塑料化学镀铜沉积速率、铜镀层表面形貌、纯度、平整度及晶型的影响.化学镀铜的工艺条件为:CuSO4·5H2O 10g/L,EDTA-2Na30g/L,HCHO3mL/L,PEG-10002mg/L,2-MBT0～2mg/L,温度70℃或40℃,pH 12.5,时...     

涤纶基铜层表面化学镀镍–磷合金工艺

以涤纶织物为基材,对其化学镀铜后再化学镀镍–磷合金镀层。探讨了化学镀Ni–P合金工艺各因素对镀金属织物导电性和增重率的影响,通过正交试验优化了化学镀Ni–P合金工艺,并对镀Cu/Ni–P合金织物的结合牢度、耐蚀性和电磁屏蔽效能进行了表征。结果表明,涤纶基铜层表面化学镀Ni–P合金镀层的最优配方和工艺为:NiS O4·6H2O 26 g/L,Na H2PO2·H2O 24 g/L,Na3C6H5O730 g/L,Na2B4O7·10H2O 6 g/L,温度80°C,p H 11,时间25 min。最优工艺下制备的镀铜/镍–磷织物的结合强度高,耐腐蚀性和电磁屏蔽性能良好。     

ABS塑料电镀铜工艺的研究

用乙二醛取代甲醛作为还原剂在ABS塑料上化学预镀铜,然后在碱式碳酸铜为主盐的碱性镀铜液电镀。研究了电镀液组成、pH对镀层结构的影响。最佳镀铜工艺为27g/L KNaC4H4O6、25 g/L CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.H2O、250 g/L C6H8O7、10g/L NaHCO3,pH为8.5,Jκ为1.0A/dm2,t为30min。采用电子扫描电镜观察和X-射线衍射仪分析表征镀层具有单质铜的特征,镀层均匀、致密。结果表明碱性镀液可以有效地保护化学预镀层。     

以次亚磷酸钠为还原剂的塑料直接镀铜

以次亚磷酸钠为还原剂在ABS塑料表面进行化学镀铜,镀液的组成为：0．04mol／L的硫酸铜,0．28mol／L的次亚磷酸钠,0．051mol／L的柠檬酸钠,0．485mol／L的硼酸,以及5mg／L的2-2’联吡啶。化学镀5min后在该化学镀铜溶液中直接进行电镀铜。用原子力显微镜（AFM）、循环伏安法和X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分别研究了电镀层的形貌和次亚磷酸钠在该电镀液中的作用。15℃时,次亚磷酸钠在电镀液中不发生任何反应,镀层中只有Cu元素;50℃时,次亚磷酸钠发生电还原和歧化反应,镀层中不仅有Cu还有P,其中w（P）=6．56％：70℃时,次亚磷酸钠在溶液中仍有上述反应,只是还原峰向负方向发生了偏移,得到镀层中w（P）=14．36％：低温下可以获得较为致密、粗糙度小的镀层。因此,在电镀过程中,可以通过控制温度来调整铜镀层形貌及其磷元素含量。     

配位剂对Al_2O_3陶瓷表面化学镀铜的影响

研究了EDTA,NaKC4H4O6以及两者复配后,对Al2O3陶瓷表面化学镀铜沉积速率、微观形貌、表面粗糙度和镀液稳定性的影响。结果表明:EDTA为配位剂时,化学镀铜镀速为3.86μm/h,镀层表面粗糙度为0.39μm,镀层铜微粒形成团聚,均匀性较差;NaKC4H4O6为配位剂时,镀速为4.55μm/h,表面粗糙度为0.46μm,镀层表面有直径达2~5μm的杂质微粒;EDTA和NaKC4H4O6复配使用时,镀速为4.17μm/h,表面粗糙度为0.35μm,铜镀层微观组织致密,铜微粒大小分布均匀,排列紧密,表面平滑、洁净。     

基于激光活化的ABS塑料表面化学镀铜工艺

先在ABS塑料基材上涂覆由10 g/L硫酸铜和30 g/L次磷酸钠组成的混合液,然后进行激光活化,再化学镀铜。ABS塑料经激光活化后表面附着了一层均匀的铜微粒。通过正交试验得到化学镀铜的最佳配方和工艺条件为:CuSO_4·5H_2O_7 g/L,乙二胺四乙酸15 g/L,甲醛10 mL/L,硫脲0.3 mg/L,NaOH 6 g/L,十二烷基硫酸钠20 mg/L,pH 12~13,温度30°C,时间30 min。采用最优工艺所得镀铜层表面平滑、光洁,厚度分布均匀,结合力良好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。