基于学习观测器的航天器指定时间跟踪控制

针对一类含有外部扰动和执行器故障的刚体航天器姿态控制系统,提出一种基于自适应学习观测器的指定时间容错控制器的设计方案.首先,系统性地给出一种改进型自适应学习观测器设计方案,基于自适应学习观测器框架,设计航天器姿态系统的学习观测器实现对系统的综合扰动值估计;然后,利用综合扰动的估计信息和滑模控制理论设计指定时间容错跟踪控制器,使得系统的姿态角能够在指定时间跟踪指令信号,系统的收敛时间可通过容错控制器的参数预先设置,且与系统的初始状态值无关;接着,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论验证含有故障的姿态控制系统能够在指定时间内稳定;最后,通过数值仿真,与已有的观测器和有限时间控制方案进行对比,表明所提出方案的有效性和可行性.     

马尔可夫跳变系统基于观测器的有限时间容错控制

针对具有一般不确定转移速率的单边Lipschitz Markovian跳变系统,设计了有限时间故障估计观测器和容错控制器.首先,提出一种自适应的有限时间故障估计观测器,它对未知输入具有鲁棒性,能够同时估计出系统的状态、执行器故障和传感器故障,并确保了误差系统的H_∞有限时间有界.然后,基于所估计的状态和执行器故障,提出一种有限时间故障容错控制方法确保闭环系统H_∞有限时间有界.通过线性矩阵不等式的形式,给出了所设计的有限时间观测器和控制器存在的充分条件.最后,通过一个仿真实例,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

航天器自适应快速非奇异终端滑模容错控制

针对存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定以及执行器故障的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,本文提出了基于自适应快速非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛故障容错控制方案.通过引入能够避免奇异点,且具有有限时间收敛特性的快速非奇异终端滑模面,设计了满足多约束条件有限时间收敛的姿态跟踪容错控制律,利用参数自适应方法使控制器不依赖转动惯量和外部干扰的上界信息.Lyapunov稳定性分析表明:在存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定以及执行器故障等约束条件下,本文设计的控制律能够保证闭环系统的快速收敛性,而且对执行器故障具有良好的容错性能.数值仿真校验了该控制律在姿态跟踪控制中的优良性能.     

双电机同步驱动伺服系统故障诊断与容错控制

本文针对双电机同步驱动伺服系统中执行器失效会导致系统性能下降甚至失稳的情况,提出了一种基于自适应滑模的故障诊断和容错控制策略.该方法通过设计各电机转速的自适应滑模状态观测器,在线估计各执行器的失效因子:当单个执行器部分失效时,通过自适应的方法调整控制器增益;当单个执行器全部失效时,重构系统的控制律.对于系统中存在非匹配不确定项的情况,提出在期望虚拟信号中引入基于扩张状态观测器的补偿项抑制方案;利用Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统在正常和故障状况下的稳定性以及观测器的收敛性;仿真结果表明,所设计的控制策略能保证系统稳定跟踪指令信号,在单个执行器失效的情况下系统跟踪性能基本不下降.     

四旋翼无人机不匹配扰动抗干扰控制

针对四旋翼无人机存在的不匹配干扰和执行器故障等现象,提出了一种基于有限时间观测器的飞行控制方案。从无人机的运动学模型出发,构建了受执行器故障和不匹配干扰影响的控制模型。将干扰观测器与非奇异终端滑模控制 (NTSMC) 方法相结合,以实现复合抗干扰和容错控制器设计。首先,设计了两个非线性有限时间扰动观测器来估计不匹配扰动和执行器故障,有限时间观测器使得估计误差在有限时间内收敛到零。其次,将观测器与NTSMC控制方法结合,以在有限的时间内实现跟踪,并有效地减少抖振。最后,从理论和仿真验证了控制方法的有效性和所期望的控制性能。     

基于迭代学习观测器的航天器姿态主动容错控制

针对含有外部扰动和执行器故障的一类航天器姿态控制系统,本文提出基于迭代学习观测器的主动容错控制方案.首先,建立了含有外部扰动和执行器故障的航天器姿态控制系统的运动学和动力学模型.其次,为了提高观测器的故障估计精度,在传统迭代学习观测器设计基础上引入上一时刻状态估计误差信息,文章提出一种改进型学习估计算法.进一步,基于滑模控制和指定时间稳定理论,利用学习观测器的故障估计信息设计指定时间主动容错控制器.与现有的航天器主动容错控制方案相比,本文所提出的算法的优势在于可以使故障系统的姿态能在指定时间跟踪上指令信号.基于Lyapunov方法,本文从理论上证明了改进型学习观测器和姿态容错控制系统的稳定性.最后,通过数值仿真,说明了所提容错控制方案的有效性和可行性.     

多故障并发非线性系统一体化跟踪主动容错控制器设计

针对一类执行器及传感器同时发生故障的非线性系统,综合鲁棒滑模重构观测器及自适应滑模容错控制器设计技术,提出一体化跟踪主动容错控制方案.首先,将系统增维变换为广义系统,运用广义约束逆引入辅助矩阵,采用线性矩阵不等式设计观测器系数矩阵,综合自适应律给出广义鲁棒滑模观测器设计程式;在此基础之上,通过设计鲁棒滑模微分器估计输出向量微分,结合广义鲁棒滑模观测器状态估计结论,实现执行器及传感器故障同时重构.其次,基于故障重构及状态估计结论,提出自适应滑模的跟踪主动容错控制律设计程式.最后,通过开展飞行模拟转台伺服系统数值仿真,检验一体化跟踪主动容错控制器设计方法的有效性.     

基于滑模控制的卫星姿态控制算法研究

针对卫星姿态控制系统存在外部扰动和执行器故障的情况下,提出一种基于非线性观测器技术和滑模控制理论的容错控制器设计方案。首先,建立含有外部扰动和执行器故障的刚体卫星姿态控制系统运动学方程和动力学方程。然后,通过非线性干扰观测器估计系统中的未知故障,进而利用故障信息基于滑模控制策略设计容错控制器。通过Lyapunov函数证明闭环姿态控制系统的稳定性。最后通过数值仿真验证该容错控制方案的鲁棒性和可行性。     

带有执行器故障的多水面船固定时间分布式滑模协同控制

针对未知环境干扰、未知执行器故障等多水面船协同控制问题,提出一种带有执行器故障的多水面船固定时间分布式滑模协同控制方法,可保证协同控制系统的全局固定时间的稳定性.首先,设计一种固定时间干扰观测器,用于估计集总扰动(包括未知环境扰动和未知执行器故障);其次,引入固定时间非奇异快速终端滑模面,可有效地消除系统的奇异性,改善系统的抖振;然后,提出一种基于固定时间非奇异快速终端滑模面和固定时间干扰观测器的分布式容错控制器,使得收敛时间上界与系统初始状态无关;最后,通过仿真实验验证所提出控制律的有效性.     

风能转换系统执行器故障主动容错控制

提出了一种新颖的风能转换系统滑模主动容错控制策略.针对风能转换系统执行器故障,运用预测控制思想和迭代算法,设计了一种故障观测器.在设定的优化时域长度内,利用实际系统与故障观测器的输出差值,通过反复迭代运算,不断地对虚拟故障信号进行调整,使其能有效地拟合实际系统执行器故障,并根据故障观测值实时调整滑模容错控制器结构.未发生故障时,故障观测值为零,系统在滑模控制器控制下稳定运行;执行器发生故障时,运用故障观测值实时调整滑模容错控制项,并用双曲正切函数代替符号函数,消除抖动.仿真实验结果表明,滑模容错控制器下的系统具有良好的容错能力,提高了风能转换系统最大风能捕获效率.     

基于扩张状态观测器的 连铸结晶器振动位移系统自适应滑模控制

针对伺服电机驱动的连铸结晶器振动位移系统中存在时变负载转矩、参数不确定性等问题,本文提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(extended state observer, ESO)的自适应非奇异终端滑模(nonsingular terminal sliding mode,NTSM)控制方法.首先,设计ESO对系统存在的综合扰动和不可测状态进行估计.然后,采用分层设计的方法,分别对位移跟踪子系统和电流环子系统设计基于ESO的自适应NTSM控制器和滑模控制器.为削弱ESO估计误差对跟踪精度的影响,在NTSM控制器中引入了自适应增益.可以证明,所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统所有信号有界,系统状态可渐近收敛到原点附近的小邻域内.最后,仿真结果验证了所提出控制方法的有效性.     

Robust Finite-time Attitude Tracking Control of Rigid Spacecraft Under Actuator Saturation

This paper investigates the robust finite-time attitude tracking control problem for rigid spacecraft considering the modeling uncertainty, external disturbance and actuator saturation. An auxiliary system is proposed to directly compensate for the saturated control input. First, the basic controller is formulated based on the fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface (FNTSMS), the fast-TSM-type reaching law and the auxiliary system in the presence of upper bounded external disturbance. Then, when facing system uncertainty which consists of both modeling uncertainty and external disturbance and has upper bounded first derivative, the extended state observer (ESO) is associated with the first controller to improve the robustness of control system. Furthermore, to handle more general system uncertainty which is upper bounded by a polynomial function of the closed-loop system states, a continuous adaptive controller is designed to compensate for the total system uncertainty on line. The proposed controllers are able to deal with system uncertainty, input singularity and actuator saturation, while simultaneously providing fast finite-time convergence speed for the control system. And the problems of complex parameters selection process and repeated differentiations of nonlinear functions can be avoided. Rigorous stability analyses are given via the Lyapunov stability theory and digital simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.     

Adaptive disturbance observer‐based finite‐time continuous fault‐tolerant control for reentry RLV

The control effectors of reusable launch vehicle (RLV) can produce significant perturbations and faults in reentry phase. Such a challenge imposes tight requirements to enhance the robustness of vehicle autopilot. Focusing on this problem, a novel finite‐time fault‐tolerant control strategy is proposed for reentry RLV in this paper. The key of this strategy is to design an adaptive‐gain multivariable finite‐time disturbance observer (FDO) to estimate the synthetical perturbation with unknown bounds, which is composed of model uncertainty, external disturbance, and actuator fault considered as the partial loss of actuator effectiveness in this work. Then, combined with the finite‐time high‐order observer and differentiator, a continuous homogeneous second‐order sliding mode controller based on the terminal sliding mode and super‐twisting algorithm is designed to achieve a fast and accurate RLV attitude tracking with chattering attenuation. The main features of the integrated control strategy are that the adaptation algorithm of FDO can achieve non‐overestimating values of the observer gains and the second‐order super‐twisting sliding mode approach can obtain a more elegant solution in finite time. Finally, simulation results of classical RLV (X‐33) are provided to verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed fault‐tolerant controller in tracking the guidance commands. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Barrier function based finite-time tracking control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input saturation

In this article, a novel robust finite-time tracking control scheme is proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to the model uncertainty, external disturbance, and input saturation. A barrier function based disturbance observer (BFDO) with finite-time convergence performance is developed to estimate the non-smooth nonlinear compound disturbance, which includes the uncertainty, disturbance of system and input saturation. In addition, an adaptive continuous nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller, based on the barrier function and the estimate of the BFDO is developed. The Lyapunov stability and finite-time convergence of the proposed control scheme are proved. The effectiveness and performance advantage of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by numerical simulations and comparison with existing works.     

Aero‐Engine DCS Fault‐Tolerant Control with Markov Time Delay Based On Augmented Adaptive Sliding Mode Observer

With a focus on aero‐engine distributed control systems (DCSs) with Markov time delay, unknown input disturbance, and sensor and actuator simultaneous faults, a combined fault tolerant algorithm based on the adaptive sliding mode observer is studied. First, an uncertain augmented model of distributed control system is established under the condition of simultaneous sensor and actuator faults, which also considers the influence of the output disturbances. Second, an augmented adaptive sliding mode observer is designed and the linear matrix inequality (LMI) form stability condition of the combined closed‐loop system is deduced. Third, a robust sliding mode fault tolerant controller is designed based on fault estimation of the sliding mode observer, where the theory of predictive control is adopted to suppress the influence of random time delay on system stability. Simulation results indicate that the proposed sliding mode fault tolerant controller can be very effective despite the existence of faults and output disturbances, and is suitable for the simultaneous sensor and actuator faults condition.     

基于super-twisting算法的多航天器姿态有限时间分布式协同控制

针对受外界干扰和执行器故障影响的多航天器姿态协同控制问题,本文设计了一种基于干扰观测器的分布式协同supper-twisting滑模控制器.首先,将各航天器的外界干扰和执行器故障看作一个集总干扰,设计自适应滑模干扰观测器对其进行估计.其次,将supper-twisting算法和积分滑模面相结合,设计一种基于多航天器姿态...     

磁悬浮开关磁阻电机的自适应终端滑模控制

为解决磁悬浮开关磁阻电机受到外部环境未知干扰、内部参数摄动等不确定因素带来的影响,提出一种基于自适应终端滑模控制器的直接瞬时转矩及直接悬浮力控制策略.首先,对电机的数学模型进行分析并建立状态方程,采用直接瞬时转矩控制与直接悬浮力控制方法,以减小系统脉动;其次,设计非奇异终端滑模面,避免常规终端滑模控制中的奇异问题,并引入自适应律,结合终端滑模控制器以抑制不确定因素的干扰,保证系统的快速收敛、强鲁棒性;最后,与传统滑模控制器方法进行对比,验证该方法的有效性.仿真结果表明,所提出方法能迅速精准跟踪控制系统的转速及位移,有效提升状态收敛速度,抗扰能力强,具有良好的动态性能.     

An adaptive integral sliding mode FTC scheme for dissimilar redundant actuation system of civil aircraft

ABSTRACT

This paper proposed a new adaptive integral sliding mode FTC scheme to deal with the actuator faults and failure. The scheme combines integral sliding mode control, control allocation scheme and adaptive strategy. The unknown actuator faults are handled by adaptive modulation gain of nonlinear ISMC law. To cope with complete failure, control allocation scheme is integrated with the baseline controller to provide tolerance. The proposed strategy relies on the estimate of actuator effectiveness. Therefore, an adaptive sliding mode observer based fault reconstruction scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is implemented on dissimilar redundant actuation system driven by hydraulic and electro-hydraulic actuators. In nominal and faulty conditions, both actuators are contributing to achieving the desired control surface deflection. However, when the actuator failure occurs, the control signals are reallocated to the redundant actuator. The problem of dynamics mismatch is addressed using fractional order controller designed in an inner loop. The comparison with the existing literature is also conducted in the simulation to validate the dominant performance.