橡胶填料在厌氧-好氧一体式生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水中的作用

采用厌氧-好氧一体式折流板生物反应器,在好氧室添加废旧橡胶作为微生物附着生长填料的情况下,进行了该反应器处理马铃薯淀粉废水中COD和NH3-N的去除试验.试验结果表明:在温度为25～35 ℃,pH值为5.0～8.5时,出水COD浓度低于200mg/L,反应器COD总去除率最高达到98%,出水氨氮浓度在10mg/L左右,氨氮去除率达到74.7%.     

A/O/O生物膜反应器处理锦纶废水的影响因素

试验采用A／O／O生物膜系统对锦纶废水进行处理,考察了硝化液回流比、水力停留时间、DO和进水COD及TN浓度对系统处理效果的影响。结果表明,当进水COD和TN分别为480-525mg／L和24-26mg／L,硝化液田流比3,单个反应器HRT为3．9h,好氧池Ⅰ和Ⅱ内DO均为3．0mg／L左右时,系统COD和TN去除率分别迭95％和70％,出水氨氮低于1．5mg／L,满足GB8978-96污水综合排放一级标准。     

连续流状态下好氧颗粒污泥培养及其脱氮除磷性能研究

在上流式污泥床好氧颗粒污泥反应器中,以厌氧颗粒污泥为接种泥．采用人工配制的模拟废水为进水的条件下,成功培养出具有同步脱氮除磷的好氧颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥粒径在0．5~2mm,颗粒污泥沉淀速度在29～58m／h。MLSS为3077---4103mg／L。当COD的进水容积负荷为4．8kg／（m3·d）时,去除率高达96％以上。氨氮进水在160mg／L时,去除率达97％以上,出水氨氮在5mg／L以下。对总磷的去除率在22％-37％。主要是因为亚硝态氮浓度、COD／TN比和TN／TP比等对聚磷菌除磷有影响。     

酸洗除垢技术在海上油田的应用

针对活性污泥法处理综合医药废水容积负荷低、出水水质不稳定的问题,设计了以生物膜为核心的厌氧／兼氧／好氧组合工艺,并在现场进行了为期半年的中试研究。试验包括生物膜培养驯化、快速降解和稳定运行三个阶段,在稳定运行阶段总水力停留时间平均为84h,混凝沉淀出水COD平均为353mg／L,对COD的平均去除率达到95．6‰硝化池出水氨氮平均为1mg／L,去除率为99．5％,     

气井采出水综合处理装置的生产性试验研究

针对大庆地区气井采出水的水质特征,研制开发出一种新型的处理设备。该设备由混凝破乳、气浮分离、厌氧生物水解和好氧生物氧化多个处理单元组成。利用该设备对大庆油田某气井站进行了2个多月的现场处理试验研究。在进水COD质量浓度2300-51050mg／L、BOD质量浓度1290～7379mg／L时。该装置COD和BOD的平均去除率分别达到96．68％和99．77％,出水COD质量为49-372mg／L,BOD质量浓度为1．6～12．8mg／L。该装置对氨氮、硫化物和SS平均去除率也分别达到95％、99．6％和84．97％。     

内循环UASB-好氧接触氧化法处理高浓度丙烯酸及酯废水

高浓度丙烯酸及酯废水成分复杂,毒性高,处理难度较大.利用内循环UASB-好氧接触氧化工艺对高浓度丙烯酸及酯废水进行处理.在进水COD约为10 000 mg/L的条件下,UASB反应器出水挥发性脂肪酸质量浓度均处于200 mg/L以下,pH维持在7.0左右,COD去除率为70％～80％,说明UASB反应器运行良好;好氧接触氧化出水COD达到500 mg/L以下,COD去除率达到92％～96％,且运行稳定.     

内电解-厌氧-好氧工艺处理制药废水试验研究

采用“内电解-厌氧-好氧”工艺处理混合制药废水，试验证明：在厌氧段HRT=120h，好氧段HRT=48h条件下，当混合废水进水CODcr约为18600mg／L时．总COD去除率可达90％以上，出水达到GB8978-96二级排放标准。     

AAO法处理焦化废水中氨氮及COD的实验研究

采用厌氧-缺氧-好氧工艺处理焦化废水,在稳定运行阶段,考察了系统及其各反应段对COD及氨氮的降解情况。结果表明,系统对COD及氨氮的去除率分别为86.7%,97.2%,最终出水COD浓度低于150 mg/L,氨氮浓度低于15 mg/L,达到国家废水排放标准。系统运行稳定时,各段对COD及氨氮的降解能力不同:COD去除率由大到小为缺氧池、好氧池和厌氧池;氨氮去除率由大到小为好氧池、缺氧池和厌氧池,初步探讨了AAO各段运行机理。     

AAO法处理焦化废水中氨氮及COD的实验研究

采用厌氧-缺氧-好氧工艺处理焦化废水,在稳定运行阶段,考察了系统及其各反应段对COD及氨氮的降解情况。结果表明,系统对COD及氨氮的去除率分别为86.7%,97.2%,最终出水COD浓度低于150 mg/L,氨氮浓度低于15 mg/L,达到国家废水排放标准。系统运行稳定时,各段对COD及氨氮的降解能力不同:COD去除率由大到小为缺氧池、好氧池和厌氧池;氨氮去除率由大到小为好氧池、缺氧池和厌氧池,初步探讨了AAO各段运行机理。     

内电解-厌氧-好氧工艺处理垃圾渗沥液的研究

研究了高COD和高氨氮的生活垃圾渗沥液，在内电解－厌氧－好氧组合工艺下的处理效果及其影响因素，结果表明，内电解－厌氧－好氧组合工艺，应用在高COD、高氨氮（COD为10000－90000mg/L,氨氮＞600mg/L）生活垃圾渗沥液处理中，具有较高的COD和色度去除率，在全工艺流程下，COD的去除率达到99％以上，氨氮去除率达到90％以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。