双活性基活性染料真丝绸染色工艺研究

双活性基活性染料用于真丝绸染色有诸多影响因素：缚酸剂用碳酸氢钠比碳酸钠的固色率高用量在2％～4％，pH为8～9时最为合适：染色温度从60℃升到85℃时固色率提高3％～8％，超过85℃时易造成“灰伤”．当元明粉的用量从30g／l升到60g／l时上染率和固色率提高10％。随着浴比的增加，其固色率会有不同程度的降低，在实验条件下，浴比为1：40最好。通过上染曲线，讨论了染色过程的控制。     

新型丝绸用活性染料的应用研究

含β-牛磺基乙基砜和一氯均三嗪双活性基活性染料，是一种新型丝绸用染料，这类染料在丝绸上有很好的染色性能．匀染性好，各项色牢度优异，且染色工艺简单，染色重现性好。在色度1％、浴比为1：40的标准染色条件下、温度为50℃时．放入真丝织物，以1℃／min的升温速度升温至95℃，保温40min，用含3g／1标准合成洗涤剂溶液沸煮15mm．清水漂洗干净，晾干。吸色率：95．6％～98．6％；固色率：88．5％～97．4％；当色度从0升至5％时，Integ值可达11～68.1;随电解质用量上升，Integ增加，以40g／l～60g／l为宜；在pH为6．5～7时，染色效果最好：而对温度、染色时间和浴比的变化不敏感。所有染料的色牢度均在4～5之间，有三个品种的耐光牢度达到了6～7级。     

直接染料对甲壳胺纤维的染色性能

探讨了中性盐、温度、染料用量对甲壳胺纤维直接染料染色性能的影响，比较了脱脂棉和甲壳胺纤维的染色性能。实验结果表明：中性盐对染料的影响与染料的磺酸基的数目有关，对4～6个磺酸基，中性盐起促染作用．对双磺酸基，起缓染作用：而在70℃时染色的上染速度明显快于40℃，染料浓度在2％时几乎尽染，当上升到8％时上染率仍在70％以上；甲壳胺纤维的上染速度和上染率明显高于棉，其可染性、染色速度、表观染色深度远高于棉易产生染色不匀现象。     

雄蚕丝的活性染料染色性能研究

采用活性染料染雄蚕丝,探讨了碱剂种类及用量、元明粉用量、染色温度等因素对染色效果的影响。结果表明：活性染料染雄蚕丝的上染率、提升力均较高,且各项染色牢度也较好。最佳的染色工艺为：元明粉40g／L,碳酸氢钠2g／L,室温入染,升温至80℃,保温45分钟。     

香蕉纤维的活性红3BS染色

研究了香蕉纤维的活性红3BS染色工艺.分析了染料浓度、氯化钠用量、碳酸钠用量、固色温度和固色时间等单因素对上染率、固色率的影响,通过正交实验确定了香蕉纤维活性红3BS的优化染色工艺,即活性红3BS 1％(o.w.f.),氯化钠用量55 g/L,碳酸钠用量15 g/L,70℃固色40 min.结果 表明,活性红3BS上染...     

碱性染料在蔺草染色中上染率和摩擦牢度的研究

选用碱性兰染料对蔺草进行染色,探讨染液pH值、染色保温温度、染料用量、电解质的用量及染色保温时间对蔺草上染率和摩擦牢度的影响,结果表明,用碱性兰染料对蔺草进行染色时,最佳上染率和摩擦牢度的工艺条件是:染液pH值7～10,染色保温温度80℃,染色温度在70℃以下时升温速率控制在3℃/min,染色温度在70～80℃时升温速率控制在1℃/2 min,染料用量为0.5%～1%(owf),元明粉用量10 g/L,染色保温时间20 min。     

天然沸石处理含铅、镉废水的试验研究

天然沸石经改性后对铅、镉有较好的吸附能力，当铅的浓度为2mg／L，沸石用量30g，动态变换3小时，吸附效率达90％以上，吸附容量达5mg／g；当镉的浓度为l00mg／L，沸石用量l0g，动态交换24小时，吸附效率可达99．8％以上。在450℃时处理的沸石吸附效果最佳，改性后的沸石对铜的吸附具有较好的选择性。     

活性染料对染色工艺敏感性研究

染色工艺对活性染料的染色性能有较大影响，反映了活性染料的敏感性。研究结果表明：当温度达60℃-70℃时绝大部分染料的固色率高，有4支染料在70℃-80℃时固色率最高；盐的浓度增加，固色率提高，当达到60g/L时达到最高；有3支染料对盐浓度的变化不敏感；碱的用量在20g/L-25g/L时较为合理，染浴中染料的逍度在2%-4%时可获得满意效果，最佳的浴比为1：10-1：20。     

大豆纤维溢流染色工艺研究

使用BES活性染料对大豆纤维进行溢流染色．染色温度65℃．中浅色染色时间50分钟．硫酸钠的使用量为10g／1-50g／l，固色时使用Na2CO3为5g／1-15g／l，染品一等品率95％．在车间生产条件下．染机车速、升温速度、加盐速度是影响染品质量的重要因素。     

活性染料SEFR值与中性固色工艺研究

根据活性染料染色特征值S．E．F．R．选择适用于中性固色工艺的活性染料，结果表明，S值高和低的活性染料对碱的浓度和温度敏感，对固色率的影响较为杂乱，但在温度为80℃时，这类染料的固色率均达到峰值：染色特征值在50-60范围内的活性染料适用于中性固色、以甲酸钠为中性固色剂对活性染料进行中性固色实验，其固色率均可达到60%左右．各项牢度均达到标准。最佳工艺条件为：甲酸钠：15g／L；尿素：20g／L；双氰胺10g／L，固色温度85℃：浴比：1：20。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。