在大孔陶瓷管载体上引入ZnO连接层诱导合成稳定ZIF-8膜

以平均孔径为3μm的大孔α-Al2O3陶瓷管为载体,采用载体表面预先引入一层ZnO作为连接和诱导成膜的策略,合成连续完整且性能稳定的ZIF-8膜.首先在载体的内表面通过溶剂热生长一层厚度约为5μm的连续多孔ZnO层,起到对载体表面的修饰、连接膜与载体和诱导成膜的多功能作用;然后,甲醇体系溶剂热法在ZnO表面合成得到连续的ZIF-8膜.考察和优化了ZnO层的活化、ZIF-8合成条件对成膜的影响,用SEM、XRD和气体渗透等分析方法对所得ZIF-8膜进行表征.研究表明,ZnO层的连续性和活化处理是成膜的关键,ZnO层不连续难以形成完整连续ZIF-8膜,不活化ZnO则起不到很好的诱导成膜作用.最佳条件下获得的ZIF-8膜的H2通量为2.14×10-7 mol/(s·m2·Pa),H2/CO2、H2/N2、H2/CH4的理想分离系数分别为5.18、8.32、8.30.该膜材料具有明显的筛分效应,且150℃条件下长时间测试稳定性良好.     

化学气相沉积法制备无机分离膜

介绍化学气相沉积（ＣＶＤ）法在无机分离膜备方面的应用，以及近期此研究领域的一些进展。     

气体分离炭膜的结构设计、制备及功能化

气体渗透性低、机械强度差是炭膜产业化道路上的两大难题.研究发现,根源在于炭膜的蠕虫状孔道结构与均质炭膜的特有性质.为了解决炭膜渗透性低的问题,通过选择适宜的聚合物前驱体的分子结构与空间构型结合填充纳米粒子为功能基团等手段,实现对炭膜蠕虫状孔结构有效地调控与重新构建.在保证高选择性的条件下,不仅使炭膜的气体渗透性能提高了2个数量级以上,而且还使炭膜对某些气体具有较高分离选择性的功能化效果.为了改善炭膜的机械强度,将自主研发的廉价煤基炭膜支撑体与前驱体相复合,采用简单的制膜工艺,制备得到复合性能好、气体分离性能高的复合炭膜.     

热裂解法在气体分离用无机膜制备中的研究进展

对热裂解法的原理、工艺、影响因素，裂解原透过机理和模型以及国内外最新进展及其应用进行了讨论和分析，并对这种方法的优缺点做了较全面的评述。     

蒸汽相转换法制备ZIF-8膜及其气体分离性能探究

金属有机骨架ZIF-8具有合适的孔道尺寸、优良的化学稳定性和热稳定性,在气体分离方面有潜在的应用价值.针对工业大孔载体成膜困难、不致密、通量低的问题,本文采用限制性内扩散法在大孔载体内部制备致密的ZIF-8膜,并对其合成机理进行探究,同时探究内扩散时间、晶化温度、溶剂的量等因素对膜分离性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等技术对膜的形貌和结构进行表征.研究结果表明,以甲醇作为溶剂,使用氧化锌凝胶,内扩散时间为10 s,在170℃晶化时间为10 h时,成功在管状大孔载体孔内制备致密的膜.单组分气体渗透实验结果表明,在25℃和0.1 MPa条件下,H₂的渗透速率为5.53×10^-7 mol/(m²·s·Pa),H₂/CO₂、H₂/N₂和H₂/CH₄的理想选择性分别为13.20、12.96和12.89.     

溶胶—凝胶法制备无机分离膜的进展

综述溶胶－凝胶法制备无机分离膜的现状和发展趋势，介绍了无机分离膜的结构，特点和溶胶－凝胶技术制备无机分离膜的具体过程。     

炭膜的功能化及其在气体分离上的应用

炭分子筛膜是一种新型无机分离膜,具有耐高温、耐酸碱、高气体选择性的特点,但其通量较低,如何进一步提高炭膜的气体通量,实现炭膜对气体的针对性分离已经成为当前研究的热点.综述了近年来功能炭分子筛膜的研究进展,提出了炭分子筛膜功能化主要存在的问题,着重讨论了采用化学功能化和物理填充无机粒子等方法对炭分子筛膜进行功能化的研究状况.展望了今后炭分子筛膜功能化技术的发展方向.     

ZIF-67@PDA/含氟聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的制备及其气体分离性能

金属有机框架材料(MOF)/聚合物混合基质膜(MMMs)通过结合MOF的分子筛效应和聚合物基质成本较低、加工性能好、机械强度高的特征,使其在气体分离领域展现出巨大的应用前景。然而由于MOF在聚合物基体中存在分散性差问题,极大地限制了其应用。采用溶剂热法合成金属框架材料ZIF-67,并通过溶液氧化法在ZIF-67表面修饰聚多巴胺(PDA)层制备ZIF-67@PDA纳米多孔材料。以4,4’-二氨基二苯醚-2,2’-双(3,4-二羧酸)六氟丙烷二酐(ODA-6 FDA)型含氟聚酰亚胺(FPI)为基体、ZIF-67和ZIF-67@PDA为填料,制备不同质量分数的ZIF-67/FPI和ZIF-67@PDA/FPI。通过FTIR、WAXD、TGA、SEM、比表面和孔径分布分析仪、气体渗透仪等测试对MMMs的结构和性能进行表征并测试了N₂、O₂、CO₂、He 4种气体的渗透性。结果表明：经聚多巴胺修饰后的纳米微孔材料ZIF-67在聚合物基体中能均匀分散并为气体分子的通过提供快速通道,且表现出良好的热稳定性。ZIF-67@PDA对CO<...     

反扩散法制备介孔MCM-48分子筛膜

采用反扩散法制备介孔MCM-48分子筛膜.首先以CTAB和P123为双模板,以TEOS为硅源,合成了MCM-48晶种.采用热浸渍法在α—Al2O3载体上预涂MCM-48晶种层.MCM-48分子筛膜的制备采用反扩散法,即通过硅源(TEOS)和模板剂(CTAB)溶液分别配制,载体管内外分开装填的工艺制备介孔MCM-48膜.利用XRD、SEM及单组分气体渗透实验对制备的样品进行表征.XRD结果表明,所合成的MCM-48晶种具有良好的长程有序性及较高的规整度.从SEM照片看,合成的MCM-48粉体具有晶形,颗粒大小均匀.能够在大孔径的α—Al2O3管状载体上形成平整、致密的晶种层.MCM-48分子筛膜的SEM照片表明,膜层很薄,并且是连续致密的.室温下,制备的MCM-48分子筛膜的H2渗透率达到10-7mol/(m2·s·Pa),压降为0.1 MPa时MCM-48膜对H2/N2的分离系数达到3.0.     

PDMS低温热解制备有机/无机膜的研究

以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为前驱体聚合物, 采用浸渍法在支撑体上涂覆制备PDMS支撑膜, 将其在惰性气氛下350~480℃低温热解, 制备有机/无机膜。考察了制膜工艺条件对膜气体分离性能的影响; 并借助于TG和FT-IR测试手段探讨了PDMS 的热解过程及化学结构的变化; 采用SEM对有机/无机膜的微观形貌进行表征。研究表明, 采用低温热解法可以成功制备出气体分离性能良好的有机/无机膜。该膜既保留了有机膜的柔韧性, 又具有无机膜的热稳定性好的优点, 并表现出良好的气体渗透性能和选择性。PDMS制膜液的浓度、浸渍次数、复合膜的热解温度及基体孔径和性质等因素对有机/无机膜的气体分离性能以及膜层结构有较大的影响。在最佳工艺条件下制备的有机/无机膜其O₂渗透通量为21.2 GPU(1 GPU=7.501×10^-12 m³(STP)/(m²?s?Pa)), O₂/N₂分离系数为2.28。     

液体颗粒计数器分辨力检定方法研究

为制定得到符合我国仪器现状、满足对不同测量原理(光阻法和电阻法)、不同测量介质(水和油)、不同测量方式(固定粒径档、可调粒径档和不设粒径档)液体颗粒计数器的分辨力检定需求,对现有的几种分辨力检定、校准方法的优缺点进行分析和比较,最终制定得到具有可靠理论基础和可操作性强的分辨力检定方法,并对该方法进行实验验证。结果表明:该检定方法准确可靠,具有很好的可操作性和适用性。     

A Facile Method to Coat Nanoparticles with Lipid Bilayer Membrane: Hybrid Silica Nanoparticles Disguised as Biomembrane Vesicles by Particle Penetration of Concentrated Lipid Layers

Natural membrane vesicles, including extracellular vesicles and enveloped viruses, participate in various events in vivo. To study and manipulate these events, biomembrane-coated nanoparticles inspired by natural membrane vesicles are developed. Herein, an efficient method is presented to prepare organic–inorganic hybrid materials in high yields that can accommodate various lipid compositions and particle sizes. To demonstrate this method, silica nanoparticles are passed through concentrated lipid layers prepared using density gradient centrifugation, followed by purification, to obtain lipid membrane-coated nanoparticles. Various lipids, including neutral, anionic, and cationic lipids, are used to prepare concentrated lipid layers. Single-particle analysis by imaging flow cytometry determines that silica nanoparticles are uniformly coated with a single lipid bilayer. Moreover, cellular uptake of silica nanoparticles is enhanced when covered with a lipid membrane containing cationic lipids. Finally, cell-free protein expression is applied to embed a membrane protein, namely the Spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, into the coating of the nanoparticles, with the correct orientation. Therefore, this method can be used to develop organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with an inorganic core and a virus-like coating, serving as carriers for targeted delivery of cargos such as proteins, DNA, and drugs.     

基于无穷范数空间距离的计数型函数响应优化方法研究

计数型函数响应在制造过程中广泛存在。然而,已有研究大多针对的是连续型函数响应的优化。本文基于拟合值向量的无穷范数空间距离指标,结合满意度函数法,提出一元和多元计数型函数响应优化方法。仿真试验结果表明,本文提出的拟合值向量无穷范数空间距离指标更精准地反映函数响应向量之间真实距离。该方法应用于某公司液晶显示屏模组柔性电路板与玻璃基板压接工艺参数改进,降低了产品不合格率。     

Synthesis and characterization of monoclinic rare earth titanates,RE<Subscript>2</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> (RE = La,Pr, Nd), by a modified SHS method using inorganic activator

The nano particles of phase pure rare earth titanates, synthesized by the SHS technique, get well sintered at lower temperatures compared to the compounds formed by the solid-state method. These dielectrics are highly stable and can be used in the microwave frequency range. We report here a modified SHS method to synthesize phase pure monoclinic RE₂Ti₂O₇ at 350°C through the oxide/nitrate precursors using an inorganic compound, ammonium acetate, in place of the general type of organic activators such as urea, alanine etc. The nanopowders of La₂Ti₂O₇, Pr₂Ti₂O₇ and Nd₂Ti₂O₇ on heating exhibit an exothermic behaviour with a broad maxima in the range 267–284°C and become endothermic with maxima in the range 1043–1220°C; interestingly, the phase pure crystalline material is formed at the temperature of exothermic maxima, as confirmed by XRD.     

Dependency of Flux Jump on Temperature and Field-Sweep Rate for Textured (Nd1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)Ba2Cu3O7- δ Bulk Superconductor with Gd-211 Particles

Anisotropy flux jumps in the mixed state of a textured (Nd_0.33Eu_0.33Gd_0.33)Ba₂Cu₃O_7-δ bulk superconductor with Gd-211 doping particles have been studied by means of magnetization measurements in the model of the magnetic field paralleling and perpendicular to the c axis. A typical anisotropy flux jump was observed at a temperature ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 K. Under the magnetic field perpendicular to c axis, no flux jump was found at whole temperature range until the sweep rate of 200 Oe/sec. For the magnetic field paralleling to the c axis, the number of flux jumps decreased with the increase of temperature, and the third quadrant of the M–H curve is the most flux-instability quadrant. The magnetic field sweep rate dependences of flux jumps were also studied and the influence of flux creep on flux jumps was also discussed.