化学刻蚀高硅铝合金缸套的摩擦磨损性能

采用对置往复式摩擦磨损试验机,选用铬基陶瓷复合镀活塞环(CKS环)为配副试样,研究机械珩磨+化学刻蚀法加工高硅铝合金缸套的摩擦磨损性能。通过测量摩擦因数、磨损量,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光共聚焦显微镜(LSM)观察分析摩擦副磨损前后表面形貌。结果表明:在20℃下,将机械珩磨的高硅铝合金缸套试样浸入浓度为5%的NaOH溶液中腐蚀2min,可制备出硅颗粒凸出高度约为1μm的工作表面;相对于单纯采用机械珩磨加工方法制备的高硅铝合金缸套,机械珩磨+化学刻蚀加工的高硅铝合金缸套摩擦副的摩擦因数可从0.141 41降至0.129 56,降幅约为8.38%,两者的磨损量相近。采用机械珩磨加工方法的高硅铝合金缸套磨损试验后表面有磨粒磨损带来的轻微划痕,而化学刻蚀后的缸套磨损表面没有发现划痕现象,与其对磨的活塞环的磨损状况也较轻微。     

Al_2O_3/MoS_2复合涂层的制备及摩擦磨损性能

以大气等离子喷涂工艺制备的Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层为模板,利用陶瓷涂层中存在的孔隙和微裂纹,采用水热反应在其内部原位合成具有润滑特性的MoS_2,制备出Al_2O_3/MoS_2的复合涂层。结果表明,通过水热反应在陶瓷涂层原有的微观缺陷中成功合成了MoS_2,合成的MoS_2固体粉末呈类球形状,并且这球状的粉末是由纳米片层状的MoS_2搭建组成的。摩擦试验结果表明,与纯Al_2O_3涂层相比,复合涂层中由于MoS_2润滑膜的形成,其摩擦因数和磨损率都显著降低,且载荷越大,复合涂层的摩擦性能越好。     

微坑分布位置对复合润滑结构缸套摩擦磨损性能的影响规律

采用电火花加工方法在FeNi合金镀铁缸套试样表面的止点、中点、全程位置刻蚀微坑织构,采用球磨法对微坑填充固体润滑剂MoS_2以制备复合润滑结构缸套。采用对置往复式摩擦磨损试验机,研究微坑分布位置对复合润滑结构缸套摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。采用SEM和EDS研究配副的磨损形貌。结果表明:复合润滑结构缸套能提高承载性能、降低摩擦因数,但不一定都能提高缸套的磨损性能和抗拉缸性能。唯有微坑分布在止点的复合润滑结构缸套相比未处理缸套,表现出良好的减摩耐磨和抗拉缸性能,摩擦因数降低了4.97%~6.26%,对磨环磨损量减少了58.3%,拉缸时间延长了10倍。随着往复运动的进行,微坑中的MoS_2逐渐向缸套表面转移,改善了止点区域的润滑性能,良好保护了摩擦界面。     

重型车辆发动机电镀Cr活塞环的摩擦学性能

利用SRV试验机模拟重型车辆发动机电镀Cr活塞环/缸套摩擦副的工作状态,测试了不同条件下摩擦副的摩擦因数和磨损量.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析了磨痕形貌和表面化学成分,研究了电镀Cr活塞环的磨损机制.结果表明,随载荷的增加,摩擦副的摩擦因数减小,总失重量增加.随滑动频率的增加,摩擦副的摩擦因数减小,总失重量先减小后增加,滑动频率为20 Hz时,总失重量达到最小值.随温度的升高,摩擦副的摩擦因数增大,总失重量增加.活塞环和缸套的磨损机理以磨粒磨损为主,在高载荷,高频率或高温条件下,活塞环的磨损机理转变为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损.     

纳米Al_2O_3对等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层结构与性能的影响

大气等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2陶瓷涂层的孔隙率高,提高等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2陶瓷涂层的致密度成为亟待解决的问题。在TC4钛合金表面采用大气等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合粉和ZrC-ZrSi_2-Al_2O_3复合粉分别制备两种复合涂层。研究纳米Al_2O_3对等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层组织结构与性能的影响。结果表明,添加了Al_2O_3的ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层的组织结构更为致密,相较于ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层具有更优异的力学性能。熔点相对较低的Al_2O_3能够在喷涂焰流中先熔化,熔融态的Al_2O_3能够填充在ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层的孔洞处,提高复合涂层的致密度,改善涂层的力学性能。研究成果可为提高大气等离子喷涂制备含高熔点组分复合涂层的致密度提供指导。     

激光强化铸铁活塞环的磨损性能

为降低活塞环、缸套摩擦副的磨损和改善配副性,采用激光熔覆和电镀技术在球墨铸铁表面分别制备原位析出颗粒增强金属基复合材料表层和镀铬层。分别以激光熔覆和镀铬强化的球墨铸铁为上试样,灰铸铁为下试样,模拟活塞环和缸套的工作环境,进行SRV快速磨损实验。实验结果表明:镀铬活塞环和灰铸铁缸套配副,摩擦系数在0.117 0~0.133 2范围内变化,且随摩擦时间的延长,摩擦系数逐渐增加,其磨损机制为粘着磨损;在相同的工艺条件下,激光熔覆强化的活塞环与灰铸铁配副,摩擦系数在0.067~0.085范围内变化,随摩擦时间的延长逐渐降低,其磨损机制为微切削。     

缸套-活塞环摩擦副表面性能强化研究进展

缸套-活塞环是内燃机中最重要的摩擦副,该配副的磨损失效占内燃机摩擦磨损故障的40%左右。表面性能强化是提高缸套-活塞环摩擦副服役寿命和可靠性的重要方法。简要分析了内燃机缸套-活塞环服役工况与磨损失效机理,总结了影响缸套-活塞环摩擦磨损行为的重要因素。详细综述了表面改性、表面涂覆和表面复合处理技术在缸套-活塞环表面强化中的研究和应用现状,其中化学热处理、离子注入和表面淬火等表面改性技术,通过改变缸套-活塞环表面化学成分和组织结构,而改善其摩擦学性能,表面织构可起到贮存润滑油、容纳磨屑等重要作用。表面复合镀铬、气相沉积薄膜、热喷涂金属和金属陶瓷涂层等技术,也常用于缸套-活塞环的表面强化改性。同时,通过多种表面强化技术复合处理,如激光淬火和低温离子硫化复合、磁控溅射与渗氮复合、堆焊与表面滚压复合等,多种技术优势互补,可以实现缸套-活塞环摩擦副表面综合性能的协同提升。最后简要总结了各项表面强化技术的优缺点和亟待解决的问题。     

FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦磨损性能

采用对置往复式摩擦磨损试验机,选用CKS活塞环为配副,以摩擦因数、磨损量、断油摩擦时间为表征参数,以BP合金铸铁缸套为参照对象研究FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦磨损性能,探索FeNi合金镀铁缸套的磨损机制。逐级加载的磨损试验表明:FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦因数较BP合金铸铁缸套增大11%~20%;而磨损量则降低了11%;贫油试验表明两种缸套拉缸时间均随载荷增大而缩短,在40 MPa时FeNi合金镀铁缸套的拉缸时间较BP合金铸铁缸套延长了约6.5倍。与BP合金铸铁缸套的磨损机理为基体碾压平台在反复接触应力作用下脱落,以及犁削/切削形式的磨粒磨损不同,FeNi合金镀铁缸套的磨损机理主要是网状裂纹周围镀铁层的疲劳剥落。     

表面硅颗粒整形对高硅铝合金缸套摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了一种新型的高硅铝合金缸套表面处理技术,采用橡胶圈+金刚石颗粒的方式研磨缸套表面,这种表面硅颗粒整形技术可以使硅颗粒凸出表面并且边角圆化。整形处理缸套表面2 min,可制备出凸出高度约为1.2μm,边角轮廓自然圆化过渡的硅颗粒。摩擦磨损试验结果表明,相对于未整形,整形处理后的高硅铝合金缸套的摩擦因数可从0.14降低到0.12,降幅约为14%;磨损量从0.7 mg降低到0.2 mg,降幅约为71%。未整形的硅颗粒表面覆盖一层铝,或与缸套表面保持同一高度。当活塞环与缸套对磨时,铝作为软金属易发生塑性流变,被碾压覆盖到硅颗粒表面上,发生黏着磨损,所以摩擦因数及磨损量较大。而整形后的硅颗粒凸出缸套表面以承担载荷,加强了表面支承力,而且与铝基体共同形成的凹陷处储油,增大润滑效果,同时其边角圆化,避免了应力集中。所以整形技术可以有效地降低高硅铝合金缸套的摩擦因数及磨损量,改善摩擦磨损性能。     

添加CeO_2对MoS_2基复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

针对MoS_2基复合涂层耐磨性差和承载能力低的问题,以不同含量(质量分数)的CeO_2作为添加剂,采用喷涂法在GCr15钢表面制备MoS_2基复合涂层。利用摩擦磨损试验机和划痕仪分别研究涂层摩擦磨损性能和结合强度,并借助金相显微镜对涂层磨损形貌进行表征。结果表明:添加适量CeO_2可以改善涂层的摩擦磨损性能,其最佳含量为2%,此时摩擦因数和磨损量均最小,分别为0.232和0.011 3 mm~3;同时结合强度从22 N提高到28.29 N。涂层磨损量随载荷的增大而增大;而载荷小于8 N时,涂层的摩擦因数随载荷的增大而减小,当载荷大于8 N时,摩擦因数又有回升趋势。添加稀土后涂层的承载能力有明显提高。未添加稀土时,涂层产生严重剥离,并发生磨粒磨损;添加2%CeO_2后,涂层发生轻微磨粒磨损,耐磨性得到显著提高。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

二维ZnO/ Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性

表面建造是提高半导体光催化活性的一种有效方法。本文利用Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5的区域表面又生长出BiVO4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400~600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光（波长大于420 nm）进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

固相-水热法制备LiFePO4-Li3V2（PO4）3复合材料及其电化学性能（英文）

分别采用固相-水热法和球磨法制备磷酸亚铁锂-磷酸钒锂复合正极材料(LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3)。电化学性能测试表明,LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合正极材料的电化学性能远远高于 LiFePO4和 Li3V2(PO4)3单独作为正极材料的性能,并且以固相-水热法制备的复合材料性能优于以球磨法制得的复合材料。研究发现 LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合材料有 4 个氧化还原峰,相当于 LiFePO4 和 Li3V2(PO4)3 氧化还原峰的叠加。采用固相-水热法制备的LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 复合材料形貌较为规则,且有新相物质产生,这是导致其电化学性能较好的原因。     

Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2WO6磁性复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆),结构最简单的Aurivillius相化合物,是近期受到研究者关注的新型光催化材料。然而,光催化剂粉末在反应介质中难被回收,工业化应用成本较高。本文用三步方法合成了可回收的Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆磁性复合光催化剂,通过溶剂热法合成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄,用溶胶凝胶法在Fe₃O₄表面覆盖SiO₂层,后将磁性颗粒与Bi₂WO₆纳米片相结合。光催化剂的形貌结构及性能通过XRD、SEM、PL、UV-vis进行表征测试。结果表明,直径约500 nm的Fe₃O₄微球附着在边长约500 nm的Bi₂WO₆纳米片的表面,SiO₂在两者之间起到了粘连作用。光催化剂Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆对于罗丹明B的光降解活性较好,且有一定磁性,可以通过外加磁场将其从溶液中分离,有较大的应用潜力。