共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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《设计的智慧——艺术设计思维与方法》一书包括设计思维特征、设计思维方法、设计能力培养三大部分,通过知识链接与案例分析,引发对设计思维和设计教育的有效思考,给新时代高校工业设计专业教学改革提供了思路。工业设计专业教学,应让学生跳出传统思维陷阱,逐渐摒弃功利主义倾向与设计技术化倾向的思维;开展设计思维训练,不断提升学生发明创造力、艺术想象力、情感感受力等;强化系统思考能力,鼓励学生提出建设性、开拓性的原创设计建议和可行性解决方案,思行合一、知行合一、文质合一,尽早树立正确、合理、成熟的人生观、价值观、设计观,致力成为“德才兼备”的主动工业设计人才。 相似文献
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弱势群体是指在社会性资源分配过程中,具有经济利益的贫困性,生活质量的低层次和随力上的脆弱性的特殊杜会群体,在弱势群体中,青年占有很大很大部分的比例.弱势青年群体是一处于极其困难随力极为脆弱,极需社会各界支持与帮助的群体.社会支持网的规模、关系构成、紧密程度、趋同性、异质性等方面的特征,对个体的生存状况有着或多或少的影响,基于此,以青年弱势群体为对象,采用问卷调查研究的形式,对该群体的生存状况与社会支持网进行相关分析、研究. 相似文献
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在自然、社会、思维三个领域中,有必要系统研究思维的历史和未来;可将人类有文字以来的思维史大致分为悟性思维-实践思维-信息思维三个时期;可从思维生活、思维生产、思维生态以及思维内容、思维方式等方面切入思维的历史学和未来学研究;基本的研究方法是,把思维在过去现在未来的结构、价值和机制统一起来. 相似文献
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很高兴能在这座纪念中国电影诞辰百年的艺术殿堂里,再次与大家共同探讨发展数字电影对加快中国电影发展进程的作用。在此我谨代表主管电影的赵实副部长、代表国家广电总局电影局对第五届数字电影论坛的举办表示热烈的祝贺,对多年来关心和支持中国电影事业发展的各界朋友们表示衷心的感谢! 相似文献
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视觉思维与语言思维的结合 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
思维活动是对知觉活动的成品进行再加工的过程,在包装装潢设计的不同阶段,所使用的思维方式也有所不同,具体体现为语言思维与视觉思维这两种方式的更替与结合。语言思维与视觉思维的结合,弥合了感性与理性、感知与思维、艺术与科学之间的裂缝。 相似文献
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大型复杂技术项目的管理者面对着两个重要的系统,即被研制的工程系统和项目所处的组织机构系统(包括项目团队)。系统工程是成功实现工程系统的方法和技术,它综合多种专业技术,通过分析、综合、试验和评价的反复迭代过程,开发出一个整体性能优化的系统。社会组织系统是开放的复杂巨系统。组织机构的整体能力对大型复杂技术项目管理和系统工程方法的效能具有决定性的影响。必须在组织机构管理中强调系统的观点和方法,核心问题是如何发挥人的积极性、形成强大的群体创造力。这正是系统复杂性研究中揭示系统微观因素对宏观规律的影响机制问题。 相似文献
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随着新课改的不断深入,不断提高数学课堂利用率是重要的环节。在教学中,一定要明确目标,提高合作效率:巧设情境,诱发学生积极合作:要善于鼓励横向思维,盘活学习策略:要鼓励利用网络资源学习,盘活学习手段:要提倡分层布置作业,盘活练习机制。 相似文献
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理念、思维方式均属于意识范畴,理念对人们的实践活动产生着巨大的指导作用,特别是思维方式,它是人们在现实生活中,思维主体用以反映、把握思维客体的一种相对稳定的认识定势,是对客观事物的反映,是连接主体与客体的内涵中介。马克思主义认为:物质决定意识,意识对物质具有反作用。作为意识的理念、思维,必须符合现实的变化,必须满足社会发展的需要、教育改革的需要、学生主体变化的需要。 相似文献
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论钱学森关于科学与艺术的思想 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章从钱学森的大科学观的角度,阐述了科学与艺术的关系。科学与艺术既有区别,又是相通的。科学知识及科学思维(量智)与文艺知识及艺术思维(性智),相互融合,相互促进,是涌现大成智慧与创新思维的基本要义。 相似文献
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Bertrand Jayles Clment Sire Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2021,18(180)
The recent developments of social networks and recommender systems have dramatically increased the amount of social information shared in human communities, challenging the human ability to process it. As a result, sharing aggregated forms of social information is becoming increasingly popular. However, it is unknown whether sharing aggregated information improves people’s judgments more than sharing the full available information. Here, we compare the performance of groups in estimation tasks when social information is fully shared versus when it is first averaged and then shared. We find that improvements in estimation accuracy are comparable in both cases. However, our results reveal important differences in subjects’ behaviour: (i) subjects follow the social information more when receiving an average than when receiving all estimates, and this effect increases with the number of estimates underlying the average; (ii) subjects follow the social information more when it is higher than their personal estimate than when it is lower. This effect is stronger when receiving all estimates than when receiving an average. We introduce a model that sheds light on these effects, and confirms their importance for explaining improvements in estimation accuracy in all treatments. 相似文献
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“开放的复杂巨系统”概念的形成 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
根据已经公开发表的钱学森院士的讲话、文章和书信,在分析开放的复杂巨系统这个概念形成背景的基础上,重点考察了巨系统→复杂巨系统→开放的复杂巨系统的提炼过程,概括介绍了开放的复杂巨系统理论的基本内容,阐述了这个理论的形成对当前与今后的科学发展、尤其是对系统科学、思维科学-创新思维研究的重大意义。 相似文献
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“从定性到定量综合集成法”的形成与发展——献给钱学森院士93寿辰 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
从定性到定量综合集成法是钱学森院士近20年来对现代科学技术做出的新贡献,是他一生中第三次创造高峰的主要成果之一。文章援引大量已经发表的资料,对钱学森提炼、形成从定性到定量综合集成法以及后来将其丰富、发展成为从定性到定量综合集成研讨厅体系、大成智慧的基本过程进行了详细的考证与阐述。 相似文献
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R. P. Mann J. E. Herbert-Read Q. Ma L. A. Jordan D. J. T. Sumpter A. J. W. Ward 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2014,11(90)
Animals make use a range of social information to inform their movement decisions. One common movement rule, found across many different species, is that the probability that an individual moves to an area increases with the number of conspecifics there. However, in many cases, it remains unclear what social cues produce this and other similar movement rules. Here, we investigate what cues are used by damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus) when repeatedly crossing back and forth between two coral patches in an experimental arena. We find that an individual''s decision to move is best predicted by the recent movements of conspecifics either to or from that individual''s current habitat. Rather than actively seeking attachment to a larger group, individuals are instead prioritizing highly local and dynamic information with very limited spatial and temporal ranges. By reanalysing data in which the same species crossed for the first time to a new coral patch, we show that the individuals use static cues in this case. This suggests that these fish alter their information usage according to the structure and familiarity of their environment by using stable information when moving to a novel area and localized dynamic information when moving between familiar areas. 相似文献
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Colin J. Torney Tommaso Lorenzi Iain D. Couzin Simon A. Levin 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2015,12(103)
Animal groups in nature often display an enhanced collective information-processing capacity. It has been speculated that natural selection will tune this response to be optimal, ensuring that the group is reactive while also being robust to noise. Here, we show that this is unlikely to be the case. By using a simple model of decision-making in a dynamic environment, we find that when individuals behave rationally and are subject to selection based on their accuracy, optimality of collective decision-making is not attained. Instead, individuals overly rely on social information and evolve to be too readily influenced by their neighbours. This is due to a classic evolutionary conflict between individual and collective interest. The result is a sub-optimal system that is poised on the cusp of total unresponsiveness. Individuals in the evolved group exhibit delayed reactions to changes in the environment, before responding with rapid, socially reinforced transitions, reminiscent of familiar human and animal social systems (markets, stampedes, fashions, etc.). Our results demonstrate that behaviour of this type may not be pathological, but instead could represent an evolutionary attractor for such collective systems. 相似文献
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目的旨在研究中国古代\"制器尚象\"这一传统造物智慧的思想内涵,及其在当今社会发展变迁过程中的设计应用、理论创新和思维表达,分别从理论和实践两个角度研究\"制器尚象\"的古为今用。方法主要运用文献研究和案例分析的方法,从经典古籍中寻找中国古代朴素的\"制器尚象\"造物观,并将其按物象、意象和道象的进阶模式划分,通过具体的设计案例分析中国古代\"制器尚象\"设计智慧的应用以及在当下的延续与创新。结论随着时代的发展,中国传统\"制器尚象\"的设计智慧在当今已经实现由\"象\"到\"形\"转变,同时也形成了独特的\"象思维\"设计创新模式。只有不断寻找古今造物设计思想的契合点,才能在不断发展的时代环境下推动中国设计实践和设计理论的创新与发展。 相似文献
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Andrea Flack Dora Biro Tim Guilford Robin Freeman 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2015,12(108)
Collective navigation demands that group members reach consensus on which path to follow, a task that might become more challenging when the group''s members have different social connections. Group decision-making mechanisms have been studied successfully in the past using individual-based modelling, although many of these studies have neglected the role of social connections between the group''s interacting members. Nevertheless, empirical studies have demonstrated that individual recognition, previous shared experiences and inter-individual familiarity can influence the cohesion and the dynamics of the group as well as the relative spatial positions of specific individuals within it. Here, we use models of collective motion to study the impact of social relationships on group navigation by introducing social network structures into a model of collective motion. Our results show that groups consisting of equally informed individuals achieve the highest level of accuracy when they are hierarchically organized with the minimum number of preferred connections per individual. We also observe that the navigational accuracy of a group will depend strongly on detailed aspects of its social organization. More specifically, group navigation does not only depend on the underlying social relationships, but also on how much weight leading individuals put on following others. Also, we show that groups with certain social structures can compensate better for an increased level of navigational error. The results have broader implications for studies on collective navigation and motion because they show that only by considering a group''s social system can we fully elucidate the dynamics and advantages of joint movements. 相似文献