自动控制加药装置在循环冷却水处理中的应用

结合工程实例，阐述了SY系统自动控制加药装置的组成和自动控制的实现，并对该装置的使用状况作出了效果评价。     

循环冷却水自动控制加药系统概述及现场应用实例

对国内现有循环冷却水加药装置及其优缺点进行一般性评述，同时着重对国内外先进的全自动加药系统、工作原理及如何应用进行了介绍，通过现场应用实例说明自动控制加药系统的优越性和所取得的经济效益。     

自动控制加药装置在循环冷却水处理中的应用

SY系列自动控制加药系统由各类信号传感器、数据显示仪表、信号转换仪表、计算机控制系统和加药装置组成。通过监测循环冷却水的补充水量、电导率与补充水的电导率之比或温差这三种方式,实现了连续、按比例、自动地投加药剂。采用该自动加药装置,加药量可节省30%。     

一种新型自动加药装置在石油化工行业中的应用

加药装置在天然气采集、造纸、冶金、环保、化工、石油工艺中已经得到广泛应用,不管是新开井站和老井站,都会对井口或者管网加注缓蚀剂,起消泡剂。本文讲述一种小型自动数字化加药装置,可实现本地与远程加药,给出结合民用电机、减速机构、自动控制结合机电液综合利用的方案。自动化加药装置具有克服人力、道路、天气等因素的制约,保证定时定期加药,以其中试点区井站为案例分析对象,阐明自动加药装置的应用可取得良好的经济效益。     

舟山万吨海水淡化装置的工程设计

介绍了浙江省舟山市六横岛15000m2／d反渗透海水淡化站的工程设计，总结了海水前处理、反渗透预处理、预处理加药、保安过滤、反渗透装置、自动控制系统各个工序的设计。该工程工艺合理，预计处理效果良好，出水水质达到设计标准，能及时为当地解决淡水资源短缺的问题。     

余热锅炉加药排污系统智能化改造设计

某炼油厂制氢装置利用烟道气和转化气的高温位余热发生中压蒸汽,其余热锅炉的加药排污系统采用人工手动调整的运行模式,炉水质量波动大,难以较好的控制,致使过热段换热管束发生堵塞,引发爆管风险,造成装置紧急停工.因此提出在原有系统上增设在线分析仪、连排自动控制装置以及变频器等措施实现加药排污的智能化控制,改造后不仅能有效减轻人...     

自动连续油井加药技术

油井加缓蚀剂防腐一直采用周期性加药方式，大部分药量在2-3d内随产出液采出，无法保证防腐效果。针对这个问题研究了油井连续加药技术，开发的油井连续加药装置能够满足各种生产方式油井的加药要求。连续加药期间利用缓蚀剂浓度检测技术对部分油井进行了跟踪监测，证明了该装置连续加药能够保证油井产出液具有持续、有效的缓蚀剂浓度。装置获国家专利，专利号：ZL 00237665.2     

余热发电锅炉给水加药系统的改造

我公司锅炉给水采用化学除氧，设置了联氨及吗啉加药装置。在生产中，由于没有安装在线溶解氧及pH值检测装置，根据总承包单位的要求，机组运行时两种加药装置加药数量固定，联氨每两天加12kg；吗啉每天加2次，每次7kg。     

超稠油脱水自动控制技术

本文针对超稠油集输联合站脱水工艺流程中关键环节提出自动加药控制系统。系统采用建立数据模型,利用下位机来实现数据自动采集和自动加药控制,利用上位机来实现数据实时显示、查询、报表、报警等功能,从而实现自动控制加药功能。脱水加药自动控制系统有效地改变了原油的脱水质量,并节省了加药量,实现了原油脱水科学化管理,降低成本,取得明显的经济效益和社会效益。     

平朔东露天选煤厂煤泥水处理系统改造实践

东露天选煤厂为解决煤泥水系统存在的煤泥沉降浓缩效果差、循环水浓度高等问题,采取了调整浓缩机来料粒度组成,增设自动加药装置及相关电气自动控制设备等措施,实现了清水洗煤,降低了产品水分,提高了精煤产率。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.