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地下水生物固锰除锰技术通过鉴定 由中国市政工程东北设计研究院承担的建设部“八·五”科技攻关项目85-05-02“地下水生物固锰除锰技术”课题于1996年7月12日在长春通过了由建设部科技司主持的鉴定。 经过与会专家的广泛深入讨论,一致认为:通过生产性除锰滤层的微生物接种、培养和成熟过程中的计数,以及成熟滤砂与未成熟滤砂的灭活实验,得出了除锰滤层的成熟过程是微生物群落繁殖和平衡过程的结论,发现了微生物不仅附着在滤砂表面,同时也包埋在滤料空隙的铁泥之中,证明了Mn~(2+)的氧化是以细菌为主的生物固锰除锰作用,从而确立了生物除锰的机制。从成熟滤料中分离出了Mn~(2+)的氧化菌并进行了活性定位;用此机制设计与运行的除锰水厂,可在2～3个月内达到锰滤层的成熟,并使滤后水Mn~(2+)含量稳定在痕量的程度。根据查新报告,国内外对地下水     

微生物法地下水除锰经验点滴

保加利亚的 Danube、Mariyza 和 Tundja 等河流阶地地下水含 Mn~(2+)达3mg/L,同时还含铁、亚硝酸盐和硫化氢。并常有锰氧化菌存在。从1982年起开始研究用微生物法除锰,试验分别在水源地和处理厂进行。水源地试验:原水水质如下,水温8～25℃,pH 6.9～7.3,DO 0.1～2.2mg/L,锰1.0～1.25mg/L,铁0.2mg/L,氨氮0.4 mg/L,游离CO_2 8～14 mg/L,磷酸盐约0.02～0.04 mg/L,硫化氢0.4 mg/L,硝酸盐4～5 mg/     

重金属螯合剂O-黄原酸化-N-苄基壳聚糖去除水中锰的性能研究

制备了重金属螯合剂O-黄原酸化N-苄基壳聚糖(RXCTS),考察了其对水样中Mn~(2+)的去除性能;通过正交试验法确定了RXCTS处理含锰水样的最佳絮凝水力条件,并研究了Mn~(2+)初始浓度、水样pH值以及共存无机阳离子(Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+))、无机阴离子(Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-))、浊度对RXCTS去除Mn~(2+)性能的影响。结果表明:RXCTS去除Mn~(2+)的最佳絮凝水力条件为:快搅时间2min,快搅速度140r/min,慢搅时间15 min,慢搅速度30r/min;RXCTS对不同初始浓度的含Mn~(2+)水样均有很好的去除效果,最高去除率可达100%;体系初始pH值对Mn~(2+)的去除率影响较大,Mn~(2+)去除率随着pH值的升高而升高;水样中共存的无机阳离子、无机阴离子对RXCTS去除Mn~(2+)的促进或抑制作用不明显;水样中存在致浊物质时,RXCTS可同时去除Mn~(2+)和浊度。     

地下水除铁除锰机理的革新与应用

本文对我国地下水除铁、除锰技术进行了总结和评述.作者认为:在去除机理上,主要是活性滤膜内铁锰细菌所起的生物吸附氧化作用,而不是MnO_2的催化作用;单纯的曝气接触氧化工艺只能除铁,不能除锰.而生物接触滤池可同时去除铁锰.对铁、锰共存的水质,设计时应重点考虑锰的去除.     

石英砂滤层生物膜法一级除铁除锰工艺研究

进行石英砂滤料生物膜一级除铁除锰工艺试验研究.主要考察工艺参数(滤层厚度、进水流量、反冲洗操作、保养时间等)和进水水质(铁锰浓度、溶解氧含量、pH、水样来源等)对除铁除锰效果的影响.结果表明,生物膜的培养成熟时间约45 d,随着除锰能力逐渐增强,除铁能力逐渐下降,原因可能是余氯抑制滤层生物膜内铁细菌生长所致.适宜的除铁除锰工艺参数为:滤层厚度100 cm,进水pH 6.5～7,总铁<1.41 ml/L,M_n~(2+)<2.48 mg/L流量0.80 L/min,DO>3 mg/L,脉冲式反冲洗周期4 d,反冲洗强度15 m~3/(m~2·h),反冲洗时间5 min,缓冲时间1.5 h,滤池停用保养时间可达20 d.     

关于地下水除铁、除锰机理的讨论

本文对曝气、过滤去除水中Fe~(2+)、Mn~(2+)的两种机理即铁质、锰质活性滤膜起主要作用的化学理论和锰质滤膜生物化学理论,及两者的认识过程进行了综述和讨论对比。     

空气接触氧化法除锰

地下水中锰的存在形态与铁相似,即常以二价重碳酸锰Mn(HCO_3)_2的形式存在。重碳酸锰是强电解质,在水中能完全离解,所以二价锰在地下水中实际上是以二价锰离子M_n~2+的形态存在的。用氧化剂将二价锰氧化成高价锰(三价和四价),则锰在水中的溶解度便大大降低,能由水中沉淀析出,可用沉淀、过滤的方法去除。空气中的氧是最经济的氧化剂,但它对二价锰的氧化速度受水的pH值的影响极大,只在pH>9.5时,二价锰的氧化速度才比较快。在天然含锰地下水的pH条件下(pH=5～8),水中二价锰的氧化极其缓慢,所以,若不人为地提高水的pH值,以     

地下水除铁除锰技术新进展

锰难氧化去除是地下水除铁除锰工程应用面临的最大技术难题。针对这一问题 ,分析了常规除铁除锰技术的局限性 ,论述了近年来该领域的新发展方向———生物法除锰的研究现状及技术特点 ,阐明了生物法技术今后所要解决的关键问题     

高锰酸钾氧化法去除饮用水中微量的丙烯酰胺

本文系统地研究了高锰酸钾去除水中游离丙烯酰胺方法,考察了蒸馏水,以及黄河高浊度水为本底时的氧化效果。探讨了水中腐植酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)、Fe~(2+)、NO_2~(2-)、S~(2-)、Mn~(2+)等对氧化效果的影响。并对去除机理进行了探讨。结果表明高锰酸钾能够有效地去除水中微量丙烯酰胺。     

地下水除铁除锰现代观

本文较系统地介绍了国内外地下水除铁除锰技术的发展,以及各种工艺的原理和优缺点,最后简要介绍了作者近年研究成功的生物氧化除锰新技术。     

红球菌Rhodococcus sp-1对地下Mn(Ⅱ)生物去除特性的研究

利用传统的细菌分离方法,从地下水生物除锰滤池中分离、纯化出一种细菌,经LBB法检测其具有Mn(Ⅱ)氧化能力,利用Sherlock~?细菌鉴定系统初步确定其属于红球菌属(Rhodococcussp.).对红球菌Rhodococcus sp-1菌株的Mn(Ⅱ)生物去除特性进行研究,结果表明:Rhodococcussp-1茵株在接种20 h左右达到生长稳定期,Mn(Ⅱ)的去除量趋于稳定,可达到12 mg/L,具有很强的地下水Mn(Ⅱ)生物去除能力;同时Rhodococcus sp-1菌株的生长可以改变其培养环境的pH,使pH升高.为锰生物氧化机理和特性的研究提供了优势菌株,同时为后续的锰氧化细菌固定化和酶学研究奠定了基础.     

Removal of arsenic from groundwater by arsenite-oxidizing bacteria

The presence of arsenic in groundwater has been of great public concern because of its high toxicity. For purification of arsenic-contaminated groundwater, bacterial oxidation of arsenite, As(III), with a chemical adsorption process was examined in this study. After As(III) oxidation to arsenate, As(V), arsenic is easily removable from contaminated groundwater because As(V) is more adsorptive to absorbents than As(III). By acclimation to As(III) of high concentrations, a mixed culture of heterotrophic bacteria with high As(III)-oxidizing activity was obtained from a soil sample that was free from contamination. With initial concentration up to 1,500 mg l(-1) As(III), the mixed culture showed high As(III)-oxidizing activity at pH values of 7-10 and at temperatures of 25-35 degrees C. The mixed culture contained several genera of heterotrophic As(III)-oxidizing and arsenic-tolerant bacteria: Haemophilus, Micrococcus, and Bacillus. Activated alumina was added to the basal salt medium containing 75 mg l(-1) As(III) before and after bacterial oxidation. Arsenic removal by activated alumina was greatly enhanced by bacterial oxidation of As(III) to As(V). The isotherms of As(III) and As(V) onto activated alumina verified that bacterial As(III) oxidation is a helpful pretreatment process for the conventional adsorption process for arsenic removal.     

Comparison of surface functional groups and metal uptake efficiency of rice husk harvested from different climatic zones

Rice husk (RH) is a very effective natural adsorbent for fast removal of heavy metal cations from water solutions. Application of RH for removal of some heavy metal ions, such as Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Pb and Cd from water solutions has been studied and different maximum adsorption capacities and a variety of optimized conditions were reported in the literature. In this work, the efficiency of RH harvested from different climatic regions was studied. For this proposal, different RH samples were collected from three different climatic regions of Iran (nominated as RH1 to RH3); their removal efficiencies of heavy metal cations of Ni(2+), Cu(2+) and Cd(2+) were investigated and compared. The adsorption data at optimum conditions could be assessed well by both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Statistical analysis of the results of adsorption isotherms showed that different RH samples have different efficiencies in uptake of these heavy metal ions. The RH samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Boehm titration, which indicated that amounts of functional groups differed between RHs that are grown in different climatic conditions.     

影响反硝化除磷与厌氧氨氧化耦合的因素

氧对厌氧氨氧化菌有毒,但在颗粒污泥和生物膜中的厌氧氨氧化菌对氧有较高的耐受能力,并且聚磷菌能消耗影响氧氨氧化菌生长的氧。厌氧氨氧化菌的生长无需有机物的参与,聚磷菌释磷需要吸收有机物,少量有机物的加入对厌氧氨氧化菌的活性影响不大。亚硝酸盐是厌氧氨氧化菌氧化氨的电子受体,较高浓度的亚硝酸盐对反硝化聚磷有抑制作用,但合适浓度的亚硝酸盐(该浓度可以通过驯化来提高)可以作为反硝化聚磷菌吸磷的电子受体。厌氧氨氧化过程中有硝酸盐生成,反硝化聚磷菌能利用这部分硝酸盐。另外,两类菌都适宜于中温略偏碱性的环境。因此,通过创造同时对厌氧氨氧化菌和反硝化聚磷菌有利的微生态环境,发挥两者在脱氮除磷方面的协同耦合作用,达到高度脱氮除磷,是极有前景的废水厌氧(缺氧)处理研究方向。     

Potential application of manganese coated sand in the removal of Mn(II) from aqueous solutions.

The aim of this study was to explore the applicability of manganese coated sand (MCS) in the presence and absence of sodium hypochlorite for the removal of Mn(II) (2 mg/L) from aqueous solutions. Sand itself is widely used as a filter media for the treatment of wastewaters and it was reported that during the treatment, Mn(II), which is present in the wastewater, is to be deposited on the surface of sand in the form of manganese dioxide. The present investigation dealt with various MCS samples, prepared in the laboratory by various doses of Mn(II) (i.e. from 0.05 to 0.2 mol/L) and the samples were obtained from the pilot plant and naturally coated in the water treatment plant for the removal of Mn(II) in the batch and column studies. Moreover, it was realised that the role of hypochlorite is multifunctional as it not only enhances the uptake of Mn(II) on the surface of MCS through oxidation of Mn(II) into Mn(IV) and hence the formation of manganese dioxide, but it was also supposed to disinfect the bacteria or harmful pathogens from the waste/surface waters. The results obtained clearly inferred that various MCS samples used for the removal of Mn(II) from aqueous solutions showed comparable removal efficiency. However, the presence of sodium hypochlorite greatly enhanced the removal of Mn(II) as more than 80% Mn(II) was removed in the presence of sodium hypochlorite at around pH 6.5. Similarly, while comparing the column data it was again noted that the breakthrough points occurred after the 4,100 and 6,500 bed volumes, respectively, in the absence and in the presence of sodium hypochlorite (2 mg/L).     

一株硫酸盐还原菌的分离及处理含铁锰废水的实验

通过实验分离并纯化出一株硫酸盐还原菌(编号为SRBd),初步鉴定为脱硫杆菌属(Desulfobacter);对SRBd菌株在不同菌液投加量、pH值、振荡强度及其碳硫条件下进行Fe2+、Mn2+去除特性实验,得出反应的最佳条件为:温度为37℃、pH值为6、震荡强度为100 r/min、COD/SO42-为2/1,在此最佳条件下对SO42-、Fe2+、Mn2+的去除率分别为88.16%、99.37%、59.18%,SRBd具有较好的铁锰去除能力,该研究成果可为生物法处理AMD提供一定的参考依据。     

桐乡市果园桥水厂深度处理工艺设计和运行

桐乡市果园桥水厂设计规模为 8万m3/d ,原采用常规水处理工艺 ,由于水质污染日趋严重 ,为使出厂水水质达到《生活饮用水卫生规范》的要求 ,确定增加原水生物预处理工艺和臭氧 +生物活性炭深度处理工艺。详细介绍了该预处理和深度处理工程中系统布置、设计参数、材料设备选择 ,以及运行成本分析等内容。运行结果表明 ,原水生物接触氧化预处理工艺主要去除氨氮 ,平均去除率达 70 %以上 ,部分去除色度、耗氧量等 ,并使锰指标达标 ,减轻后续处理流程的负担 ;在预处理池运行后 ,常规处理效率也得到提高 ;当深度处理稳定运行后 ,剩余氨氮去除率达 70 % ,CODMn去除率在 4 0 %左右     

地表水锰污染在水处理中去除研究进展

近年来,我国地表水锰污染现象日趋严重,呈现出季节性、突发性的特点。其主要成因包括外来污染源、岩石土壤的条件、地下水补给和内源性污染。相比于地下水,地表水除锰的研究长期以来未受到足够重视．但可以借鉴鞍为成熟的地下水除锰理论和技术,主要有沉淀法、氧化法、生物法等。其中沉淀法较为简单,处理效果不佳;氧化法技术成熟,应用广泛;生物法环保高效,但大多尚停留在实验阶段,是重点研究方向;其他诸如离子交换法、膜过滤法、吸附法在应用中也都存在一定的局限性。     

The membrane biofilm reactor: the natural partnership of membranes and biofilm.

Many exciting new technologies for water-quality control combine microbiological processes with adsorption, advanced oxidation, a membrane or an electrode to improve performance, address emerging contaminants or capture renewable energy. An excellent example is the H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which delivers H2 gas to a biofilm that naturally accumulates on the outer surface of a bubbleless membrane. Autotrophic bacteria in the biofilm oxidise the H2 and use the electrons to reduce NO3-, CIO4- and other oxidised contaminants. This natural partnership of membranes and biofilm makes it possible to gain many cost, performance and simplicity advantages from using H2 as the electron donor for microbially catalysed reductions. The MBfR has been demonstrated for denitrification in drinking water; reduction of perchlorate in groundwater; reduction of selenate, chromate, trichloroethene and other emerging contaminants; advanced N removal in wastewater treatment and autotrophic total-N removal.     

Enhanced degradation of paracetamol by UV-C supported photo-Fenton process over Fenton oxidation

For the treatment of paracetamol in water, the UV-C Fenton oxidation process and classic Fenton oxidation have been found to be the most effective. Paracetamol reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal are measured as the objective functions to be maximized. The experimental conditions of the degradation of paracetamol are optimized by the Fenton process. Influent pH 3, initial H(2)O(2) dosage 60 mg/L, [H(2)O(2)]/[Fe(2+)] ratio 60 : 1 are the optimum conditions observed for 20 mg/L initial paracetamol concentration. At the optimum conditions, for 20 mg/L of initial paracetamol concentration, 82% paracetamol reduction and 68% COD removal by Fenton oxidation, and 91% paracetamol reduction and 82% COD removal by UV-C Fenton process are observed in a 120 min reaction time. By HPLC analysis, 100% removal of paracetamol is observed at the above optimum conditions for the Fenton process in 240 min and for the UV-C photo-Fenton process in 120 min. The methods are effective and they may be used in the paracetamol industry.