面向低碳制造的冰箱CMF设计碳足迹核算研究

目的 构建冰箱CMF低碳设计碳足迹核算系统,为企业实现冰箱CMF设计低碳制造和节能减排提供工具支持。方法 以产品碳足迹核算流程为依据,确定家用冰箱CMF设计过程中的碳排放源,综合考虑冰箱面板加工过程中的碳排放影响因素,建立碳足迹核算模型,并基于计算和数据管理两个维度,构建冰箱CMF低碳设计碳足迹核算系统。结果 成功构建了冰箱CMF低碳设计碳足迹核算系统。结论 通过对冰箱CMF设计方案进行碳排定量分析,按照碳评价结果,对冰箱CMF设计方案进行优选,并对生产工艺过程进行绿色低碳优化,从而对冰箱的低碳设计决策产生前瞻性的指导意义。     

基于碳足迹分布的机电产品创新设计方法简

 随着以低碳经济为核心的产业革命逐渐出现,产品的低碳设计与制造已成为企业提升竞争力的重要因素之一．从机电产品碳足迹分布出发,提出了一种基于碳足迹分布的机电产品低碳创新设计方法．通过建立机电产品结构属性分层模型,以材料利用率、回收率和拆卸等级作为机电产品的碳排放属性,采用层次分析法探索碳排放分布的规律．根据得到的碳排放分布情况确定产品低碳设计要素,根据创造性模板法对低碳设计要素进行改进,实现对机电产品的低碳创新设计．最后以磨咖啡机为例证明了方法的实用性和可行性．     

LED照明产品生命周期碳排放评价研究

基于生命周期评价(LCA)理论,参考英国PAS 2050"碳足迹"标准作为LED产品生命周期碳排放量的计算准则,建立产品的低碳评估办法,初步对评价程序包括选择产品、功能单位确定、系统边界确定、数据收集、碳排放计算等进行了探讨,为LED照明产品生命周期碳排放评估提供参考。     

印刷服务碳足迹评价方法及碳排放计算器的开发

以印刷服务业为研究对象进行了碳足迹评价,建立了适用于印刷服务的碳足迹评价模型,并在此基础上开发了一款碳排放计算器。通过对4家典型书刊印刷企业的实地调研,完善了实施碳足迹评价的数据收集方案,获得了来自于行业的实际初级数据和次级数据,包括印前、印刷、印后加工3个阶段的碳排放系数,为碳排放计算器的研发打下基础。基于生命周期法的印刷服务碳足迹评价方法能够较好地确定印刷服务的碳排放源,研发的碳排放计算器有助于印刷企业计算企业内部的"碳成本"消耗情况。60多家印刷企业的试用结果表明,该碳排放计算器的企业满意度高达83%,实现节能减排30%,管理成本下降3.6%,企业平均利润上升2.5%。这一结果表明,所研发的计算器能较好地反映印刷服务的碳排放水平,从而有利于指导行业有效开展低碳减排工作,为客户在全行业内比较产品和服务时提供比较精确的计算方法。     

商业宣传册印刷品碳足迹计算方法

目的研究商业宣传册印刷品的碳足迹具体计算方法与步骤,提出现阶段在计算印刷产品碳足迹中存在的难题与解决方案,给国内商业印刷品或出版印刷品的碳足迹计算提供参考,确定节能减"碳"关键控制点,促进国内印刷工业的可持续发展。方法结合商业印刷企业的实际生产数据,以大卖场宣传册为例进行印刷品碳足迹量化研究。结果得出宣传册从原材料到成品的部分生命周期的碳排放当量,并对影响因素进行了比较分析。结论案例中的单本宣传册碳足迹为0.17 kg,其中纸张碳足迹占55%,其他原材料碳足迹占15%,生产过程碳足迹占22%。     

以蜂窝包装为例——我国包装产业绿色低碳材料研究

由温室气体排放所导致的地球气候暖化已经威胁到人类的生存与发展,研究和开发具有低碳特征的绿色包装材料正成为我国包装产业的发展之路和大势所趋。本文通过产品生命周期评估方法分析了塑料包装材料以及蜂窝纸包装材料的碳足迹,发现蜂窝纸包装不仅可以大大减少碳排放,而且可以作为一种碳存储的方法和手段。用蜂窝纸包装材料替代传统的塑料包材是一条绿色低碳的技术路径,在达成资源节约和环保的同时,可以大幅度减少二氧化碳的排放,为我国包装业发展绿色低碳之路提供一个切实可行的解决办法和技术方案。     

低碳经济影响下的包装低碳设计模式研究

以低碳经济的发展及碳足迹计算为研究基础,分析了低碳设计模式是从原料的生产、加工、运输、使用、回收等完整生命周期的碳足迹为依据进行包装设计的新模式,包装低碳设计模式强调应用新技术、新方法、新材料、新能源的应用。在此基础上提出了以联系、系统、统筹的眼光,利用控制论、优化法、寿命法等设计方法,以碳足迹的科学计算和行业低碳标准为标准和依据的设计模式。     

低碳产品认证方法实证研究：中小型三相异步电动机

通过计算中小型三相异步电动机全生命周期碳排放并与国家标准中的碳排放基线进行对比,为形成既与国际接轨、又符合国情特点的低碳产品认证方法提供实证支撑。     

基于LCA的啤酒发酵罐绿色管理策略

目的为了减少啤酒发酵罐全生命周期的碳排放,研究切实可行的啤酒发酵罐绿色管理策略。方法运用生命周期评估和AHP分析方法对啤酒发酵罐的原材料收集阶段、制造阶段、运输阶段、使用阶段及回收阶段进行分析,得出啤酒发酵罐全生命周期碳排放指标的影响度。结果啤酒发酵罐全生命周期各阶段的碳排放指标影响度分别为0.0801,0.0477,0.3092,0.4811,0.0819。结论通过分析得出啤酒发酵罐全生命周期的各阶段间信息集成、信息互通及信息反馈机制较弱,使得啤酒发酵罐全生命周期内碳排放核算困难、资源能源利用率低,并提出了基于模块化的啤酒发酵罐绿色设计、基于互联网+的啤酒发酵罐智能制造系统及基于回收再利用的二氧化碳回收系统这3个啤酒发酵罐绿色管理策略。     

低碳认证的作用与意义

一、背景 当前,发达国家正在争推碳足迹标签,推行低碳产品认证制度。据悉,全球已有12个国家和地区,颁布了关于碳排放的法规,许多著名企业已将“低碳”作为其供应链的必需条件。     

Product low-carbon innovative design based on the carbon footprint information model北大核心CSCD

Aiming at further alleviating global warming and reducing carbon emission in product life cycle from source, low-carbon design has increasingly becoming an important direction of product design. Based on exploring the composition of decision making information and corresponding choice of design strategy in low-carbon design process, a carbon emission integrated product low-carbon design information model was established. Based on the analysis of information connotation within low-carbon design decision making, a double progressive positioning method of carbon footprint source features which was based on product structural tree and detailed design parameters was proposed, in which streamlined life cycle assessment (SLCA) using qualitative/semi-quantitative matrix approach was used to preliminarily screen the key structural units with high emission, then the key design features and parameters were stepwisely positioned by weight assigned relation digraph. With regard to design parameters related conflicts, TRIZ conflict resolution theory was used. Finally, a handled vacuum cleaner was used as an example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.     

减排和宣传的时延与低碳参考双重效应影响下供应链决策研究

考虑减排效果和低碳宣传效果的时延效应与消费者具有的低碳参考效应,针对由单个投入碳减排的制造商和单个投入低碳宣传的零售商组成的两级供应链,构建基于产品减排水平、低碳信誉和低碳参考的微分博弈模型。研究分散决策和集中决策下供应链的最优努力投入策略,并分析时延和参考双重效应相关参数对供应链决策和利润的影响。研究发现,集中决策下的最优努力投入高于分散决策的相应值,但集中决策下整体利润并非总是高于分散决策的相应值,两者利润差取决于减排效果和宣传效果的延迟时间;减排效果和宣传效果的延迟时间与参考效应的记忆参数和敏感参数均是制造商和零售商投入减排努力和低碳宣传努力的主要因素;减排效果和宣传效果的延迟时间存在相应阈值,影响产品的减排、低碳信誉和低碳参考的策略选择与供应链成员的利润优势。     

碳税情形下考虑低碳偏好的收益共享契约协调模型

研究考虑碳税和消费者具有低碳偏好情形的供应链碳减排的协调问题,得到实现供应链碳减排协调的必要条件。通过引入数量折扣策略,构建供应链碳减排的收益共享契约协调模型,解决纯粹的收益共享契约无法协调供应链碳减排的问题,并给出契约参数需要满足的条件。在消费者的低碳偏好以加法形式来影响市场需求时,通过模型优化,给出供应链的最优产品订购量和最优碳排放水平的确定方法。研究发现,在供应链协调时,供应商提供给制造商的批发价格是碳税的减函数,是碳排放水平的增函数;供应链系统的订购量与碳税成反比,而碳减排水平与碳税成正比,与碳减排系数成反比。     

Decarbonising product supply chains: design and development of an integrated evidence-based decision support system – the supply chain environmental analysis tool (SCEnAT)

Based upon an increasing academic and business interest in greening the industrial supply chains, this paper establishes the need for a state-of-the-art decision support system (DSS) for carbon emissions accounting and management, mainly across the product supply chains by identifying methodological shortcomings in existing tools, and proposing a supply chain (SC) framework which provide businesses with a holistic understanding of their supply chains and ensuring partners within supply chain collaborative networks have a shared understanding of their emissions. It describes the design and development of a DSS now known as supply chain environmental analysis tool (SCEnAT) in detail, putting its unique and innovative features into a comparative perspective vis-à-vis existing tools and software of different types. The methodological framework used to design and develop SCEnAT integrates different individual techniques/methods of supply chain (SC) mapping, SC carbon accounting, SC interventions and SC interventions evaluation on a range of key performance indicators (KPIs). These individual methods have been used and applied innovatively to the challenge of designing SCEnAT within the desired framework. Finally, we demonstrate the application of SCEnAT, especially the advantage of using a robust carbon accounting methodology, to a SC case study. The SCEnAT framework pushes the theoretical boundary by addressing the problems of intra-organisational approach in decision making for lowering carbon along the supply chain; with an open innovation, cutting edge, hybridised framework that considers the supply chain as a whole in co-decision making for lowering carbon along the supply chain with the most robust methodology of hybrid life cycle analysis (LCA) that considers direct and indirect emissions and interventional performance evaluation for low carbon technology investment and business case building in order to adapt and mitigate climate change problems. This research has implications for future sustainability research in SC, decisions science, management theory, practice and policy.     

Case-based reasoning for selection of the best practices in low-carbon city development

Cities emit extensive carbon emissions, which are considered a major contributor to the severe issue of climate change. Various low-carbon development programs have been initiated at the city level worldwide to address this problem. These practices are invaluable in promoting the development of low-carbon cities. Therefore, an effective approach should be developed to help decision makers select the best practices from previous experience on the basis of the impact features of carbon emission and city context features. This study introduces a case-based reasoning methodology for a specific city to select the best practices as references for low-carbon city development. The proposed methodology consists of three main components, namely, case representation, case retrieval, and case adaption and retention. For city representation, this study selects city context features and the impact features of carbon emission to characterize and represent a city. The proposed methodology is demonstrated by applying it to the selection of the best practices for low-carbon development of Chengdu City in Sichuan Province, China.     

考虑碳税征收的供应链纵向减排博弈研究

在低碳经济背景下引入碳排放税及消费者低碳偏好,对供应商主导的二级供应链减排博弈展开研究;进而通过逆向归纳法求得序贯行动的精炼子博弈纳什均衡,并采用数值实验展开分析。研究表明,在外生碳税下供应商和制造商都将采取减排策略,可求得最优产量与单位产品减排量,但征收碳税并不一定能够保证碳排放总量的降低;供应链中一方的减排行为将激励另一方增加单位产品减排量;企业减排成本系数越低,征收碳税对控制碳排放总量的效果越明显。     

基于对应分析及拓展的行李箱设计特性评价

目的 利用京东网上商城中的用户评价数据,对行李箱的设计特性进行分析,提出一种简便易行的产品设计特性量化评价方法,以支持企业产品开发决策。方法 通过对电商平台的评价数据进行筛选,组织专家和用户运用亲和图法归纳出行李箱的设计特性分类;利用SPSS软件对评价数据进行统计分析,计算出维得分,并得出二维对应分析图,对行李箱的设计特性进行定量化测度。结果 根据用户评价数据将行李箱设计特性分为外观、功能、安全、细节等4类;利用二维对应分析图中各样本坐标信息对样本设计特性进行定量计算,量化出各样本的设计特性。结论 利用电商平台的数据信息,通过对应分析图和设计特性度的计算,可将用户的评价数据转化为对产品设计特性的量化评价,为企业产品开发提供决策支持。