有关美国药典24版药用水的几个问题

自从 1 82 0年美国颁布第 1版药典以来 ,迄今已有 1 80多年的历史 ,其间不断更新版本 ,有关药用水的内容随着科学技术的进步而逐步更新 ,其中尢以近 2 0年来的变化为大。 2 0 0 0年颁布的美国药典 2 4版 (以下简称 USP2 4 )除了在正文中收载几种药用水的各论以外 ,还在通则中收载了“药用水”(Waterfor Pharmaceutical Purposes)、“总有机炭”(TotalOrganic Carbon)和“水的电导率”(Water Conductiv-ity)等有关章节。在“药用水”一章中 ,首次详细描述了药用水的生产工艺、水质指标与检测方法、药用水的微生物污染及其控制和药用水生…     

高效广谱抗菌剂2，4，4’-三氯-2’-羟基二苯醚的合成与应用

系统查阅了国内外资料,综述了高效广谱抗菌剂2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羟基二苯醚的应用概况、市场前景和主要合成路线,重点分析比较了4条有工业化前景的合成路线的工艺过程和特点,提出了适合我国开发生产的合成工艺。     

中国药典、欧洲药典和美国药典中头孢噻肟钠原料质量控制标准与方法的比较

文章比较了中国药典、欧洲药典和美国药典中对头孢噻肟钠原料质量控制标准与方法的异同,重点比较了含量测定和有关物质检查中的高效液相色谱法,初步讨论了规定条件下的色谱柱选择与使用问题。     

中国药典、欧洲药典和美国药典中头孢丙烯原料质量控制标准与方法的比较

文章比较了中国药典、欧洲药典和美国药典中对头孢丙烯原料质量控制标准与方法的异同,重点比较了含量测定和有关物质检查中的高效液相色谱法,初步讨论了规定条件下的色谱柱选择与使用问题。     

欧、美、日药典中关于明胶的规定对比

本文对现行版的欧洲药典(EP7.0)、美国药典(USP34)和日本药典(JP16)中关于明胶(Gelatin)的规定进行了对比阐述。     

2005年版《中国药典》中抗生素质量标准呈现新特点

首先新版药典中抗生素收载品种发生了一些变化，新增了76个抗生素品种及制剂；对2000年版已收载的183个抗生素品种及制剂中的132个品种的方法或项目进行了修订。     

《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版中防己薄层色谱鉴别研究

(目的)探讨完善《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版中防己的薄层色谱鉴别项。(方法)以防己对照药材、粉防己碱、防己诺林碱为对照,采用硅胶GF254薄层板,以乙酸乙酯-丙酮-甲醇-5%氨水(体积比7∶1∶0.7∶0.3)为展开剂,置紫外光灯(254 nm)下检视。(结果)展开剂可选用低毒的乙酸乙酯代替三氯甲烷,防己对照药材色谱斑点清晰,分离度好,比原标准显示出更多鉴别信息。(结论)为《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版中防己质量标准的进一步提高完善提供参考依据。     

美国对重新使用杀虫脒的有关规定

一只大吨位的棉花杀虫剂,由于对健康可能有威胁,两年前它的生产者从市场上把它去掉了,现在把人与该化合物接触减小到最低限度这样严格限制的使用的条件下重新采用它。它曾用于防治整个棉区棉铃虫的。美国环保局已批准改变该农药的使用方法以使对人的危险缩小到最低限度。有关使用杀     

钠钙硅酸盐玻璃广谱防发霉粉的研制

以玻璃广谱发霉机理为指导,以玻璃用防发霉材料国家行业标准和企业个性要求为衡量,以玻璃客观存在的物理的、物理化学的、生物物理的、生物化学的和其它污诱型的广域霉变事实为依据,以原料稳定、环境保护、生产安全、成本可行和方便撒粉为出发点,研制出符合玻璃广域霉变实际的可起广域霉变防护的钠钙硅酸盐玻璃广谱防发霉粉。     

Claramines: A New Class Of Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents With Bimodal Activity

The emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and pathogens has created an urgent need for the development of new antibiotics. Herein we report our investigations into the broad‐spectrum activity of an easily prepared water‐soluble polyaminosterol compound, namely claramine A1, against both drug‐sensitive and drug‐resistant Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacterial strains. We also report its peculiar mechanism of action, which differs from that of all the other well‐known classes of antibiotics, toward Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. Given their low cytotoxicity, this class of compounds based on claramine A1 could constitute an effective response to combat the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and nosocomial diseases.     

Antimicrobial Catanionic Vesicular Self-Assembly with Improved Spectrum of Action

A catanionic mixture based on three components, N-dodecyldiethanolamine, decanoic acid and azelaic acid, was prepared and investigated from a physico-chemical point of view and for its antimicrobial activity. The spontaneously formed vesicles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and electron microscopy. These experiments showed spherical vesicles with an average diameter of 200 nm and a zeta potential of +22 mV. The antimicrobial activity of the vesicle dispersion against different strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acnes and Candida albicans), was evaluated and compared with the activity of the components separately. The synergistic effect of these bioactive self-assembled catanionic vesicles on the spectrum of activity and on the cytoplasmic membrane is discussed.     

Broad Spectrum Anti-Bacterial Activity and Non-Selective Toxicity of Gum Arabic Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commercialized nanomaterials and presumed to be biocompatible based on the biological effects of the bulk material. However, their physico-chemical properties differ significantly to the bulk materials and are associated with unique biological properties. The study investigated the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of AgNPs synthesized using gum arabic (GA), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄), and their combination as reducing agents. The AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The anti-bacterial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion and microdilution assays, and the cytotoxicity effects on Caco-2, HT-29 and KMST-6 cells using MTT assay. The GA-synthesized AgNPs (GA-AgNPs) demonstrated higher bactericidal activity against all bacteria, and non-selective cytotoxicity towards normal and cancer cells. AgNPs reduced by NaBH₄ (C-AgNPs) and the combination of GA and NaBH₄ (GAC-AgNPs) had insignificant anti-bacterial activity and cytotoxicity at ≥50 µg/mL. The study showed that despite the notion that AgNPs are safe and biocompatible, their toxicity cannot be overruled and that their toxicity can be channeled by using biocompatible polymers, thereby providing a therapeutic window at concentrations that are least harmful to mammalian cells but toxic to bacteria.     

Enhanced Antiviral Function of Magnesium Chloride-Modified Heparin on a Broad Spectrum of Viruses

Previous studies reported on the broad-spectrum antiviral function of heparin. Here we investigated the antiviral function of magnesium-modified heparin and found that modified heparin displayed a significantly enhanced antiviral function against human adenovirus (HAdV) in immortalized and primary cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses revealed a conformational change of heparin when complexed with magnesium. To broadly explore this discovery, we tested the antiviral function of modified heparin against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and found that the replication of HSV-1 was even further decreased compared to aciclovir. Moreover, we investigated the antiviral effect against the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and measured a 55-fold decreased viral load in the supernatant of infected cells associated with a 38-fold decrease in virus growth. The advantage of our modified heparin is an increased antiviral effect compared to regular heparin.     

广谱杀虫杀螨剂氟硅菊酯的合成综述

氟硅菊酯是一种广谱杀虫杀螨剂,对白蚁有良好的驱避效果,同时对哺乳动物和鱼低毒。总结了氟硅菊酯及其重要中间体的主要合成路线,并对各条路线作出了评述,从而选出一条适合工业化的路线。     

洗手液中三氯生含量的测定方法

建立盐辅助超声提取、高效液相色谱法测定洗手液中三氯生含量的方法。在硫酸铵条件下,以乙腈为提取剂,超声提取洗手液中的三氯生,并用高效液相色谱仪进行测定。在0.1~20μg/mL浓度范围内,三氯生峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系。三氯生的检出限(S/N=3)为0.02μg/mL,加标回收率在94.6%~97.3%之间,相对标准偏差为3.69%。该方法经济简便、重复性好,可用于测定洗手液中三氯生的含量。     

Pd催化水溶液中三氯新的加氢脱氯

以10mgw(Pd)=5%的Pd/C为催化剂,在35℃和1 01×105Pa下,ρ(三氯新)=4g/L的三氯新水/乙醇〔V(水)∶V(乙醇)=1∶1〕溶液20mL反应30min就100%脱氯。在乙醇中,三氯新加氢1h氯的去除率为68%。水的存在,改善了三氯新的反应环境,消除了NaCl在催化剂上的富集,使催化剂保持了较高的活性。在水溶液中,ρ(氯化物)=5g/L的碱金属或碱土金属氯化物的存在,对三氯新的加氢脱氯反应没有影响,这是因为这些无机氯化物在水中完全电离,离子化的无机氯化物不会堵塞反应孔道,也不会在催化剂表面吸附,因此不会阻碍三氯新的加氢脱氯。     

石油化工控制室设计新规范解读

本文将石油化工控制室设计规范、石油化工控制室抗爆设计规范、石油化工仪表系统防雷设计规范的新规范与老规范对比,罗列了石油化工控制室设计方面的主要区别和新增要求,便于设计人员更准确地了解和使用。     

Catalysis of an Essential Step in Vitamin B2 Biosynthesis by a Consortium of Broad Spectrum Hydrolases

An enzyme catalysing the essential dephosphorylation of the riboflavin precursor, 5‐amino‐6‐ribitylamino‐2,4(1H,3H)‐pyrimidinedione 5′‐phosphate ( 6 ), was purified about 800‐fold from a riboflavin‐producing Bacillus subtilis strain, and was assigned as the translation product of the ycsE gene by mass spectrometry. YcsE is a member of the large haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. It catalyses the hydrolysis of 6 (v_max, 12 μmol mg^?1 min^?1; K_M, 54 μm ) and of FMN (v_max, 25 μmol mg^?1 min^?1; K_M, 135 μm ). A ycsE deletion mutant of B. subtilis was not riboflavin dependent. Two additional proteins (YwtE, YitU) that catalyse the hydrolysis of 6 at appreciable rates were identified by screening 13 putative HAD superfamily members from B. subtilis. The evolutionary processes that have resulted in the handling of an essential step in the biosynthesis of an essential cofactor by a consortium of promiscuous enzymes require further analysis.