SIFT在高分辨率SAR图像自动配准中的性能分析

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的自动配准长期以来都未能很好的解决,特别是高分辨率SAR图像其配准的关键是稳健的特征提取与特征匹配算法。在光学图像配准中,最常用的特征点提取算法是Harris算子,而近年来SIFT(尺度不变特性变换)算法也因其优越的性能成为当前比较流行的算法。探讨了Harris和SIFT特征提取算法在高分辨SAR图像自动配准中的应用,并选取4对有代表性的SAR图像进行了配准实验,对2种特征提取算法的运行时间、所提取匹配点对的正确率以及特征点的提取精度进行了比较。通过定性及定量分析,在同轨获取的高分辨率SAR图像配准中,SIFT均能实现精确配准,其适用性及精度均优于Harris。     

基于SIFT的图像配准方法

针对大尺度图像配准和不同传感器图像配准问题,介绍了一种基于SIFT的图像配准方法。首先提取图像中适应尺度变化的不变特征点,在提取过程中加入多尺度Harris检测算子,提高了匹配点对的重复率,通过聚类和归一化互信息准则对候选匹配点对的角度、尺度和位置特征进行迭代筛选,删除错误的匹配点对,最后得到正确的匹配点对,对图像进行配准。实验结果表明：该方法能处理相似变换的图像配准。     

基于改进Harris-Laplace算子的图像校正研究

文章提出了一种基于改进Harris-Laplace检测算子的图像校正方法。首先用Harris-Laplace检测算子提取特征点,并对尺度进行进一步优化筛选,然后用类SIFT的方法描述特征点,最后根据描述符选出两幅图像的匹配点对,进行图像校正。将本算法应用于数字水印中,先对遭受旋转、平移和缩放等几何攻击的水印图像进行配准校正,再提取水印。仿真结果表明,可以较好地提取出数字水印,说明该算法具有较好的配准效果。     

基于改进OS-SIFT的可见光与SAR图像自动配准

针对尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法配准可见光和合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像时性能较差的问题,提出了一种基于改进光学-SAR图像的SIFT(OS-SIFT)可见光和SAR图像配准算法。首先,利用非线性扩散滤波构建可见光和SAR图像的非线性扩散尺度空间,并采用多尺度Sobel算子和多尺度指数加权均值比算子分别计算可见光和SAR图像的一致性梯度信息。然后,用图像分块策略剔除尺度空间第一层后对尺度空间进行分块,在一致性梯度信息的基础上提取Harris特征点,得到稳定且均匀的点特征。基于梯度位置和方向直方图模板构建描述符并对其进行归一化处理,以克服影像间的非线性辐射差异。最后,利用欧氏距离进行特征匹配,并采用快速抽样一致性算法剔除误匹配。实验结果表明,相比联合位置、尺度和方向的SIFT算法和OS-SIFT算法,本算法的匹配率有明显提高,均方根误差也相对较低。     

连接向量特征匹配的暗场图像配准方法

利用损伤点之间的位置关系,根据光学元件损伤暗场图像的特点设计了一种基于连接向量特征匹配的配准方法。该方法首先对基准图像及待配准图像分别进行图像预处理,提取损伤点轮廓的中心坐标作为损伤点的位置值。然后构建损伤点连接向量,求出主方向并计算主方向下的连接向量特征,使用连接向量匹配获得匹配点对,最后利用RANSAC算法对匹配点对进行仿射变换参数计算。该方法具有旋转不变性,尺度不变性以及较高的配准准确度。实验对比分析了该方法与SIFT算法的计算效率及配准精度,结果表明在暗场图像条件下文中方法更有效且为背景单一,灰度信息较少同时要求较高的配准速度的场景下的图像配准问题提供了解决方案。     

基于区域选择和特征点匹配的图像配准算法

提出了一种新的基于圆形区域和Harris角点检测的图像配准算法.该方法采用Harris算子检测特征点信息,自动选取有效特征点,充分利用圆形区域的旋转不变性和互信息量最大原则进行特征点匹配,避免了传统的图像配准算法计算数据量过大、特征点匹配不准确等问题.仿真结果表明,该方法能在27.8 s内完成配准过程,优于传统的图像配准方法;在旋转角度上有0.07°的误差,但并不影响平移距离的正确配准.     

基于SIFT算法的医学CT图像配准

医学CT图像的配准一直以来都是医学图形分析与处理中的研究热点之一,对临床诊断具有非常重要的作用。SIFT算法是一种快速、有效的图像匹配算法,该算法是基于图像的光照、旋转、尺度以及仿射变换不变性,在基于特征点的医学CT图像配准中具有较高的实用价值。针对医学CT图像配准时匹配特征点数目较少,从而导致估算图像变换参数时精度较低的情况,本文采用结合边缘点集匹配的SIFT算法进行医学CT图像配准,取得了良好的效果。     

透视变换模型的Harris图像配准

针对图像末制导系统的图像配准问题,提出了一种透视变换模型下基于增强旋转不变性Harris算法的快速图像配准方法.首先,将Harris算法进行了旋转不变性的增强,利用增强后的Harris算法提取摄像系统中每帧图像的角点,采用基于归一化互相关(Normalized Cross Correlation,NCC)匹配算法进行角点的粗匹配;然后,利用随机抽样一致(Random Samples Consensus,RANSAC)算法对粗匹配的角点进行迭代筛选,剔除错误的匹配点,并将保留下来的精确匹配角点带入透视变换模型,计算出稳定的可反映图像平移、旋转和尺度变换信息的透视变换矩阵;最后,利用得到的变换矩阵对图像进行配准.实验表明,该方法对平移、旋转、尺度变化、视角变化以及光照变化和模糊变化均具有良好的不变性,可以快速高效地实现高精度的图像配准.     

基于FPGA的图像多尺度特征点提取及匹配

对于图像的多尺度特征点提取及匹配存在提取特征有限、算法复杂度高、处理速度慢的问题,提出了一种利用多尺度Harris角点方法提取图像中物体边界特征点,采用二维高斯拉普拉斯算子检测图像斑点信号,并基于SIFT特征描绘子计算特征描绘子相似度来完成匹配的方法.该方法充分利用FPGA的并行性特点,通过降低多尺度Harris角点检测、斑点提取和SIFT特征描绘子生成算法的复杂度,在FPGA中实现了图像多尺度特征点的快速提取及匹配.通过对多组图片进行对比测试验证,该方法相对于软件实现方法具有处理速度快,而图像主要特征点不丢失的特点.     

改进Harris-SIFT算法在水下图像匹配中的应用

针对尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法实时性差、错匹配多,以及Harris角点检测算法精度不高、速度偏慢的问题,提出了一种运用改进Harris-SIFT算法对水下拍摄的双目图像进行特征点提取与匹配的方法。利用改进的Harris算法对两幅图像进行角点检测,然后为特征点分配方向,并生成SIFT特征描述子,完成匹配。实验结果表明,该算法实时性强、匹配率高,并能较好地反映水下物体的形状特征。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks