滑油磨粒信号的变分模态分解和概率密度估计

航空发动机磨损产生的磨粒会随润滑油在管路中流动,由于磨粒尺寸小且航空发动机工况复杂,如何实现滑油磨粒检测信号的特征提取成为系统的关键技术。提出一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)和概率密度估计的微弱信号处理方法,用于滑油磨粒检测信号处理。利用VMD获取检测信号的特征直流分量,明确直流分量的概率密度分布,以其分布均值估计滑油磨粒形成的电容值。经过仿真分析和实验验证,使用该方法能使检测系统有效分辨500μm的滑油磨粒,表明该方法能有效提高检测系统信噪比,消除噪声对微弱信号检测的干扰,改善滑油磨粒电容成像检测的性能。     

航空发动机滑油磨粒在线监测

航空发动机轴承部件磨损是导致发动机失效,引起飞机重大事故的主要因素之一。分析了航空发动机突发性剧烈磨损的疲劳磨损失效机理,陈述了磨粒尺寸和数量表征磨损程度的关系,系统介绍了各种航空发动机滑油磨粒在线监测技术,讨论了各技术方法的原理、技术特点、典型参数、典型应用、最新研究成果及技术适应性。滑油磨粒在线监测技术,能有效发现航空发动机突发性剧烈磨损,及时预警失效,避免出现重大事故,具有重大工程应用价值。     

基于图像特征的船用在线铁谱系统可测性评价方法

磨粒分析是船舶动力装备健康监测的重要手段之一,但船用润滑油因污染严重导致润滑油劣化,进而影响铁谱磨粒分析的有效性。为了验证在线铁谱在船舶发动机磨粒监测的有效边界条件,以长江航道局吸盘3号挖泥船3号机油底壳滑油为样本,通过分析润滑油的劣化程度定量确定了在线铁谱系统失效边界。采集不同污染程度的滑油油样,通过在线铁谱获取未沉积磨粒和沉积磨粒的两组图像。通过对磨粒图像的分析,研究磨粒浓度对磨粒图像分割精度的影响,获得磨粒浓度与铁谱磨粒图像有效性之间的关系,并构建亮度和平均梯度2种铁谱图片可测性评估方法。实验验证表明,2种方法均能有效分辨有效图片和无效图片,为铁谱图片的有效分析和铁谱实时在线分析奠定了可靠性基础。     

航空滑油两相流沉淀模型研究

对飞机实际使用中的滑油数据进行了分析，在此基础上提出飞机一次飞行后滑油从高温运动状态到静止状态的两相流中金属磨粒沉淀模型，为飞机日常保障中如何选取最佳的采样时机提供了依据。     

滑油金属磨屑在线电磁检测传感器的仿真研究

因循环着的润滑油液中包含了与系统工作状态直接相关的大量信息,所以在线滑油金属磨屑传感器的研究对机械故障的监测尤为重要。文中利用Maxwell软件建立反向螺旋传感器模型,检测分析滑油中半径为50~300μm磨粒通过时的电感特性,从而得出不同情况下的电感图。着重分析了双磨粒的电感情况,比较直观地反映了磨粒对磁场的影响,为提高传感器的检测灵敏度提供了理论依据。     

基于巨磁电阻传感器的油液铁磁性磨粒检测研究

针对油料原子发射光谱仪对大于10μm的磨粒检测效率不高,不能有效反映油液磨粒浓度的问题。通过检测经特定磁场磁化和聚集后油样中铁磁性磨粒剩余磁场的大小,来反映油样中铁磁性磨粒浓度大小的方法,利用巨磁电阻磁场传感器,设计一种油液铁磁性磨粒检测装置。该检测装置对同一油样的检测具有较好的重复性;对浓度和尺寸分布均不同的铁磁性磨粒油样,其检测结果并没有因尺寸分布的不同而出现明显的差别。该油液磨粒检测装置可以克服原子发射光谱仪对铁磁性大磨粒检测效率不高,不能有效反映油样铁磁性磨粒浓度的缺点。     

含污染物油润滑条件下的磨粒磨损研究

概述了含污染物油润滑条件下的磨损试验方法，分析了磨粒尺寸、磨粒含量；材料硬度和材料表面粗糙度等试验参数对含污染物油润滑条件下材料的磨损性能的影响，结果表明其磨损机理主要是点蚀、犁削和熔着磨损，并提出了解决措施。     

新型超声磨粒传感器检测能力实验研究

搭建测试实验系统对设计新型超声磨粒传感器的磨粒检测能力进行实验分析。利用不同尺寸范围的模拟磨粒对传感器的尺寸检测能力进行实验测量。结果表明,该传感器能够有效检测45~220μm的磨粒,检测尺寸上限约为220μm,且具有检测更小磨粒的能力。通过理论计算并与Spectro LNF Q~(200)磨粒自动分析仪进行磨粒浓度检测对比实验表明,该传感器能够有效检测磨粒数量浓度高达14 000个/m L的油液。     

基于梳状式电容传感器的滑油磨粒检测方法

航空发动机旋转部件的磨损是影响其寿命的重要因素,而滑油内磨粒的参数能直接反映部件的磨损状态,磨粒监测已是发动机智能诊断的关键技术。提出一种梳状式电容传感器,采用内置多平行板电极结构,分析磨粒检测机理,通过数值模拟分析结构优化方向,确定最佳参数。搭建实验平台进行试验,结果表明,当铁磨粒直径从0.3 mm增至0.9 mm时,电容差值从3 Ff增至17 Ff;当磨粒个数从1增至4时,差值与数量近似成正线性关系,最大增幅在200%～350%左右;电源频率从10 kHz增至100 kHz时,差值降幅在36%～67%。研究表明梳状电容传感器内部电场均匀度较好,利于提高结果一致性与磨粒检出率,可在10 mm管路中检测200μm以上的磨粒,具有较好的区分度,可为航空发动机滑油磨粒监测研究提供技术支持。     

润滑油磨粒浓度的时序分析与在线建模

润滑油中的磨粒通过其浓度,尺寸,形状等特征反映出丰富的来自相对运动表面的摩擦学信息。因而,磨粒分析一直是人们进行机器工况监测和故障诊断的一个重要领域,其中,润滑油中磨粒的浓度作为机器磨损状态最为敏感的因子而成为在线铁谱仪进     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.