Al-18%Si合金在梯度强磁场中凝固时初生硅的行为

研究了Al-18%Si合金在10 T梯度强磁场下加热至半固态和全熔态后的凝固过程,观察了初生硅的分布和形态,测定了其冷却曲线.结果表明:在磁场的磁感应强度和磁场梯度的乘积Bz·dBz/dz为正时,初生硅向上部聚集;而在Bz·dBz/dz为负时,初生硅向下部聚集;在强磁场下,加热至全熔态冷却下来的凝固组织中初晶硅的形态发生了明显的改变,由板片状转变为块状,初晶硅显著细化.对强磁场细化初晶硅的机制进行了探讨.     

脉冲磁场作用下Al-5%Cu合金的时效机理

在Al-5%Cu合金时效处理过程中施加脉冲磁场,观察脉冲磁场对Al-5%Cu合金时效后组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明：在时效过程中施加脉冲磁场,加快了Cu原子的扩散,缩短了时效的时间,降低了时效温度,使基体内部Al2Cu低熔点相的弥散度进一步得到提高,使时效后的合金组织更加细化。     

强磁场下Al-Ni合金凝固初生相Al3Ni的取向行为

进行了10T强磁场下Al-(8%~12%)Ni(质量分数)合金凝固实验,考察了初生相Al3Ni的取向行为。结果表明,加磁场后纤维状初生相Al3Ni在垂直于磁场方向的平面上定向排列聚集,形成层间距基本相同的分层组织。X射线衍射结果表明,施加磁场后,Al3Ni晶体发生了取向,其〈00l〉晶向转向磁场方向。在合金两相区中,当磁感应强度和温度提高到一定值时,初生相的取向程度显著增加,其定向排列因子Г也随之增加。此外,还对晶体在磁场中的取向行为进行了热力学分析。     

复合静磁场下BiMn合金凝固中的电迁移

为强化电迁移技术的效果,在金属液两端施加恒定电场的同时施加了一个与电流方向平行的稳衡磁场,考察了在磁场作用下BiMn合金中MnBi相的电迁移情况。实验结果表明,在磁场的作用下,MnBi相可以在10A/cm2的电流密度下向阴极发生迁移;当施加的电流密度一定时,MnBi相的偏移率随着磁感应强度的增大而增大,且存在一个临界值;当磁感应强度一定时,只有当电流密度达到一定的值时才能使析出相稳定迁移。     

Effect of high magnetic field on solidification microstructure evolution of a Cu-Fe immiscible alloy

The liquid phase separation behavior and the evolution of the solidification microstructure of a binary Cu₅₀Fe₅₀ alloy were investigated under the conditions of without and with a 10 T magnetic field, with different undercooling during the solidification process. Results show that the combined effect of Stokes motion and Marangoni convection leads to the formation of the core-shell structure under the condition without the magnetic field. In addition, specific gravity segregation is reinforced by increasing the undercooling, resulting in Fe-rich phase drifts towards the sample edge. In the 10 T magnetic field, the Fe-rich phase is elongated in the parallel direction of the magnetic field under the action of demagnetization energy due to the difference of static magnetic energy and surface energy. In the vertical direction, through the action of Lorentz force, the convection in the melt is inhibited and Fe-rich phase becomes more dispersed. Meanwhile, the diffusion of the two phases and the coagulation of the Fe-rich phases are also restrained under the magnetic field, therefore, the phase volume fraction of the Fe-rich phase decreases at the same undercooling in the 10 T magnetic field. The magnetic field inhibits the segregation behavior in the vertical direction of the magnetic field, and at the same time, improves the gravitational segregation to a certain extent, which has a very important impact on microstructure regulation.

     

Grain refinement of Sn-Pb alloy under a novel combined pulsed magnetic field during solidification

The combined pulsed magnetic field (C-PMF) obtained by simultaneously imposing pulsed and static magnetic field during solidification has been proposed to refine the solidification structure. Compared to the imposition of a single pulsed magnetic field, a more refined structure can be observed under C-PMF. The key factors to affect grain refinement under C-PMF consisted of the vibration frequency characterized by the static magnetic field, pulsed discharge voltage, and the vibration frequency characterized by the pulsed discharge frequency. The microstructure revealed that the grain size decreased with the increasing static magnetic field. The pulsed discharge voltage had an optimum value for obtaining fine grains. Furthermore, when the pulsed discharge frequency was equal to the intrinsic frequency of the liquid metal in a filled cylindrical vessel, resonance vibration occurred in the liquid surface, and grain refinement was promoted.     

磁场对AZ80镁合金凝固组织的影响

研究了在直流磁场及频率为10 Hz、30 Hz交流磁场作用下AZ80镁合金凝固组织、合金元素在晶内含量及合金硬度的变化。结果表明,AZ80镁合金经交流磁场处理后,晶粒明显细化,晶界变窄,夹杂物的尺寸显著减小;经直流磁场处理后,晶粒大小没有明显变化,但晶界变窄,夹杂物的尺寸减小。无论经交流磁场还是直流磁场处理后,Al和Zn在晶粒内部的含量均比未经磁场处理有了明显增加。此外,经磁场处理后,合金硬度有一定程度的提高。初步阐明了这些现象产生的原因。     

强磁场对Bi-Mn合金半固态凝固过程中MnBi析出相组织的影响

在Bi-6%Mn合金从高于355℃(升温过程中MnBi化合物磁性转变温度)的固液两相区凝固过程中,研究了MnBi析出相组织在无磁场和强磁场条件下的演化过程.结果表明:在无磁场条件下MnBi析出相形态在340℃(MnBi相顺磁-铁磁转变温度)附近发生突变,由较规则的六方块状变为沿ab面长大的不规则片状;10 T磁场条件下析出相形态突变的温度提高到355℃左右.另外,10 T磁场能够控制析出相晶粒以c轴平行磁场取向、定向聚合和熔合长大,使析出相的最终形态又趋向较规则的六方块状.     

Alignment behavior of MnBi phase in Bi-Mn alloy solidified in static magnetic field

1　INTRODUCTIONRegularstructuresinmaterialsarealwayspre paredtoimprovetheirproperties .Itiswellknownthatpowderedferromagneticmaterialscanbeorientedinastaticmagneticfield .Inrecentyearshighmag neticfieldwasappliedtoinducealignmentofparticlesinsomenonferromagneticmaterialswithanisotropicmagneticsusceptibilityinroomtemperature ,suchasparamagneticYBa2 Cu3O7ceramic[1] anddiamagneticgraphite[2 ] .Ifthematerialshavearesidualanisotropyintheirmagneticsusceptibilityatahightemperature ,theycanbetex…     

交流磁场对过共晶Al-2.89%Fe合金中含铁相分布的影响

在交流磁场作用下,过共晶Al-2．89％Fe（质量分数,％）合金中含铁相向样品的中心处富集．这是由于Al3Fe相的磁化率大于熔融铝的磁化率,使得Al3Fe相与铝基体相比受到指向试样轴线处更大的电磁力,从而聚集在试样中心．X射线衍射结果表明,在无磁场和交流磁场条件下,含铁相中只含有A13Fe相．交流磁场改变了析出相的分布,但没有改变析出相的类型．     

原位生成TiC对快速凝固Al-8Fe合金显微组织的影响

通过对不同TiC粒子含量的快速凝固Al-8Fe合金条带显微组织的观察发展：随着TiC含量的增加，合金的显微组织产生明显的细化，使快凝合金条带的耐浸蚀区所占的比例增大，并在一定程度上抑制了初生Al6Fe块状相的生成，当TiC含量达到10％（质量分数）时，出现了大尺寸TiC颗粒聚集现象，同时生成少量初生Al6Fe块状相。     

Morphology and distribution of Al3Fe phase in hypereutectic Al-Fe alloy solidified under magnetic field

In this study,the (low) DC and AC magnetic fields and the high magnetic field were applied separately during the solidification process of Al-2.89％Fe alloy.The influences of these magnetic fields on the morphology and distribution of Al3Fe phase in Al-2.89％Fe alloy were investigated.The microstructure and macrostructure of the samples were observed using an optical microscope.The results show that the majority of the primary Al3Fe phase particles in the hypereutectic Al-2.89％Fe alloy is gathered at the bottom of the sample under DC and AC magnetic fields or without magnetic field.The primary Al3Fe phase becomes coarse when the alloy solidifies under DC magnetic field,while it are refined and accumulated towards the center of the sample under the AC magnetic field.When the high magnetic field of 12 T is applied,the primary Al3Fe phase distributes throughout the sample homogeneously because the magnetic force acting on the primary Al3Fe phase balances with the gravity force; and the long axis of the Al3Fe phase aligns perpendicularly to the magnetic field direction.Also,the mechanism of the effect of magnetic fields is discussed.     

强磁场下过共晶铝硅合金凝固过程中初晶硅的迁移行为

研究了在磁场梯度约为25T/m条件下不同磁场强度以及磁场强度约为5T时不同磁场梯度对半熔态Al-18Si合金凝固过程中初晶硅迁移行为的影响。结果表明:当磁场强度大于2.3T时,初晶硅开始迁移,但没有偏聚;当磁场强度达到6.6T时,初晶硅发生迁移并聚集,产生明显的聚集层;且随着磁场强度的进一步增大(磁场强度分别增至7.7和9.9T),聚集层的厚度基本保持不变;当磁场强度不变,随着磁场梯度的增大,初晶硅的偏聚量增加,晶粒尺寸变小。并对磁场强度影响初晶硅迁移的机制进行了探讨。     

Mn含量对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织的影响

研究了含Mn量对共晶Al-2％Fe合金组织的影响。结果表明，在Al-2％Fe合金中加入Mn后，其组织中出现了先析相(FeMn)Al6，且随着Mn量的增加，先析相的数量增加,当Mn量增加到一定程度后，先析相出现发达的分枝。文中还对Mn的影响机理进行了探讨。     

行波磁场对定向凝固Sn-Cd合金界面形貌的影响

对直径为4 mm的Sn?0.65%Cd合金在行波磁场中进行定向凝固,结果发现其界面形貌是丰富多样的。在向上的行波磁场上,随着磁场强度的增大(B≤10.3 mT),平界面和胞状界面交替转变。当加载向下的弱强度的行波磁场(B=3.2 mT)时,界面形貌由浅胞状向深胞状转变。当磁场强度进一步增大时,界面两侧呈现微弱的不一致,但是在强的磁场下界面形貌大致趋向于平界面(B≤10.3 mT)。这种界面的不稳定性可能归因于行波磁场驱动的流动。另外,在向上的行波磁场中界面形状几乎是水平的,但是在向下的行波磁场中界面形状是倾斜的。     

Microstructure refinement of AZ31 alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied to the solidification of the AZ31 alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined to 107 μm. By quenching the AZ31 alloy, the different primary α-Mg microstructures are preserved during the course of solidification. The microstructure evolution reveals that the primary α-Mg generates and grows in globular shape with pulsed magnetic field, contrast with the dendritic shape without pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, the Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

Effect of a high axial magnetic field on the microstructure in a directionally solidified Al–Al2Cu eutectic alloy

The effect of a high axial magnetic field (up to 12 T) on the microstructure in a directionally solidified Al–Al₂Cu eutectic alloy has been investigated experimentally. The results show that a high magnetic field decreases the eutectic spacing and degenerates the lamellar structure into a wavy one at a low growth speed. X-ray diffraction, selected-area electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy analyses indicate that the field changes the preferred orientation. The Al₂Cu crystal is oriented with the 0 0 1-crystal direction along the solidification direction (i.e., the magnetic field direction). At a pulling velocity of 0.5 μm/s, the magnetic field (B  4T) is responsible for the segregation; which consists of Al striations on the longitudinal section and Al-rich zones on the transverse section. The effects of the field may be attributed to the orientation of the Al₂Cu and the Al crystals and the decrease of the diffusion coefficient caused by the magnetic field.     

Effects of high magnetic field on modification of Al-Si alloy

1INTRODUCTIONAmong Al-Si alloys,the Al-Si eutectic alloyhas the best foundry capability.The mechanicalproperties of Al-Si eutectic and hypoeutectic alloyhighly relates to the shape,size and distribution ofSi phase in eutectic structure.Coarse acicular-likeeutectic Si dissevers Al matrix badly to inducestress concentration and debase the mechanicalproperties,especially the tenacity.Modification isthe process to change the shape and size of eutecticSi,namely to change the shape of eutec…     

Bi-Mn合金在强磁场中凝固时MnBi相织构组织的演化

在3种不同凝固条件下,制备了Bi-Mn合金,研究了合金中MnBi相织构组织随磁感应强度和凝固时间的演化.结果表明,合金从265～355℃的固液两相区凝固时,随1.0T磁场中凝固时间的延长,取向棒状MnBi晶粒沿磁场方向聚合长大,长径比增大约50%;合金从355～446℃的固液两相区凝固时,随外磁场强度的增大(最大达10.0 T)和凝固时间的增加,取向片状MnBi晶粒沿磁场方向聚合长大,形成疏松不规则的粗大棒状晶粒;合金从完全熔化状态凝固时,以0.15℃/s的速度冷却可以获得MnBi相织构组织,以0.015℃/s或更小的速度冷却则不能;延长磁场中Bi-Mn合金的凝固时间不能有效提高材料的剩磁性能.     

Microstructure refinement of AZ91D alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ91D magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied in the solidification of AZ91D alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of AZ91D alloy is refined to 104 μm. Besides the grain refinement, the morphology of the primary α-Mg is changed from dendritic to rosette, then to globular shape with changing the parameters of the pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface by the magnetic pressure, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, primary α-Mg dendrites break into fine crystals, resulting in a refined solidification structure of the AZ91D alloy. The Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.