阿托伐他汀对脑梗死急性期患者IL-6及血脂的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对脑梗死急性期患者IL-6及血脂的影响。方法 70例患者随机分成对照组及治疗组各35例,对照组予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予阿托伐汀。4周后比较2组患者治疗前后血清IL-6及血脂浓度的变化。结果治疗后,2组血清IL-6及血脂浓度变化比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀可降低脑梗死急性期患者的IL-6及血脂水平,对治疗脑梗死急性期疗效显著。     

氟伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏CTGF表达的影响

目的观察氟伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达的影响。方法用链脲佐菌素复制糖尿病大鼠模型,成模后给予氟伐他汀治疗。采用ELISA法检测尿微量白蛋白浓度;Western blot和RT-PCR法检测大鼠肾皮质CT-GF蛋白及mRNA的表达水平;免疫组化法检测肾小球内CTGF和FN的表达。结果氟伐他汀治疗组大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率、肾脏肥大指数(KHI)、肾皮质中CTGF的mRNA及蛋白表达、肾小球内CTGF和FN的表达较糖尿病组大鼠均明显降低。结论氟伐他汀能降低肾小球内CTGF及FN的表达,减轻肾小球肥大,起到抑制和延缓糖尿病肾病进展的作用。     

氟伐他汀对大鼠急性心肌梗死后左室重构的影响

目的研究氟伐他汀对急性心肌梗死大鼠左室重构影响。方法雄性Wistar大鼠47只随机分为心梗组、心梗用药组、假手术组和假手术用药组,结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支建立心肌梗死模型,术后心梗用药组及假手术用药组饲氟伐他汀10mg·kg-1.d-1,心梗组和假手术组不予处理。5周后测左室血流动力学参数。结果与假手术组比较,心梗组及心梗用药组大鼠左室收缩压、左室压最大上升速率及左室压最大下降速率均明显下降(P<0.05),心梗组较心梗用药组下降更明显(P<0.05)。结论氟伐他汀能阻止大鼠心肌梗死后心室重构。     

氟伐他汀钠的电化学行为和测定

研究了在pH值为5.10的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液中,氟伐他汀钠在玻碳电极上的电化学行为,并依此建立了氟伐他汀钠的微分脉冲伏安测定法。在微分脉冲伏安模式下,于 0.64 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)电位处产生一灵敏的阳极氧化峰,用循环伏安法、线性扫描极谱法、微分脉冲伏安法等手段研究了其电化学行为和机理。结果表明,该峰电流值与氟伐他汀钠的质量浓度在2.0~40 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,其最低检测限为0.24 mg/L,该法应用于来适可胶囊中氟伐他汀钠含量的测定,回收率达到98.0%~101.2%,并讨论了氟伐他汀钠在玻碳电极上的电极过程。     

阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂患者炎症因子的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对高血压合并高血脂患者炎症因子的影响。方法入选62例高血压合并高血脂患者,在常规降压治疗基础上加服阿托伐他汀20mg,睡前服用,1次/d。另入选58例单纯高血压患者和60例正常体检者分别为单纯高血压组和正常对照组。治疗时间12周。检测治疗前后3组研究对象血压、血脂、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)等因素的变化。结果治疗前高血压合并高血脂组的血压和血脂明显高于正常对照组,经降脂和降压治疗后血压与血脂显著下降(P<0.05)。高血压合并高血脂组各炎症因子的水平明显高于单纯高血压组和正常对照组(P<0.05),阿托伐他汀治疗后各炎症因子的水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论阿托伐他汀可改善高血压合并高血脂患者的炎症状态。     

调血脂药物阿伐他汀的合成路线

阿伐他汀是一个高效、安全的调血脂药物,具有广阔的市场前景.作者综述了其经典的合成方法有Paal-Knorr法、不对称还原羰基法、消旋体苯乙胺拆分法、选择性醇醛缩合法等方法.为阿伐他汀的工业化发展和创新打下基础.     

阿托伐他汀治疗100例不稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效观察

目的观察阿托伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效及其对血脂的影响。方法将200例病人随机分为实验组100例,对照组100例。2组均给予常规抗凝、抗血小板聚集、硝酸酯类等药物治疗;观察组加用阿托伐他汀10mg,每晚顿服。疗程均为4周。4周后2组对比疗效与血脂的变化。结果实验组总有效率分别为:94%,疗后观察组LDL-C下降,TC、HDL-C升高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组治疗后LDL-C、降低,TC、HDL-C升高(P<0.05),在降低血脂方面明显高于对照组。结论阿托伐他汀治疗不稳定心绞痛,疗效显著,可通过调脂及抑制炎症反应而对不稳定型心绞痛起治疗作用值得推广使用。     

匹伐他汀钙的合成

以3-(2'-环丙基-4'(4'-氟苯基)-喹啉3'-基)-丙烯醛为起始原料,经缩合、还原、水解、化学拆分等4步反应制得匹伐他汀钙.该方法反应条件温和,操作简便,适合工业化生产.     

HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂-瑞舒伐他汀的合成研究

以4-(4-氟苯基)-6-异丙基-2-(N-甲基-N-甲磺酰基氨基)嘧啶-5-甲醇为起始原料,经缩合、水解去保护、酯化、水解、成钙盐等反应,重新设计并优化了缩合工艺和纯化工艺,制得降血脂药瑞舒伐他汀钙,合成的目标化合物,总收率为34.3%,纯度达到99.5%以上.并通过质谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱对目标产物进行了结构表征....     

匹伐他汀中间体的合成工艺改进

以2-氨基-4'-氟二苯甲酮和3-环丙基-3-氧代丙酸乙酯为原料,在质子酸催化下缩合得到2-环丙基-4-(4'-氟苯基)-3-喹啉甲酸乙酯,再在-78 ℃条件下通过LiAlH4还原,得降血脂药匹伐他汀(Pitavastatin)的重要中间体2-环丙基-4-(4'-氟苯基)-3-喹啉甲醛,总收率64.4%.采用一步还原获得目标产物,省略了从酯还原成相应醇的过程,缩短了反应步骤,简化了操作.化合物的结构经MS、1HNMR确证.     

Association between Serum Soluble CD154 Levels and Mortality in Patients with Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Background: CD154 and its soluble counterpart (sCD154) are proteins of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and exhibit proinflamatory and procoagulant properties. Higher circulating sCD154 levels have been found in ischemic stroke patients than in controls. However, the association between circulating sCD154 levels and mortality in ischemic stroke patients has not been reported, and was the focus of this study. Methods: This was a multicenter, observational and prospective study carried out in six Spanish Intensive Care Units. We measured serum sCD154 from 50 patients with severe malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (MMCAI), defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) lower than 9, at the moment of the severe MMCAI diagnosis and from 50 healthy controls. The end-point of the study was 30-day mortality. Results: We found higher serum sCD154 levels in patients with severe MMCAI than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). We found higher serum sCD154 levels (p < 0.001) in non-surviving (n = 26) than in surviving MMCAI patients (n = 24). Multiple binomial logistic regression analysis showed that serum sCD154 levels >1.41 ng/mmL were associated with 30-day mortality (OR = 10.25; 95% CI = 2.34–44.95; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The new more important finding of our study was that serum sCD154 levels in MMCAI patients were associated with mortality.     

川芎嗪注射液对急性脑梗死患者血管性血友病因子和超敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的：研究川芎嗪注射液对急性脑梗死患者血管性血友病因子（vWF）及超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法：120例急性脑梗死患者随机分成两组,对照组：川芎嗪注射液10 mL,1次/天,连续14天,静脉滴注）;治疗组：银杏达莫20 mL,1次/天,连续14天,静脉滴注。检测治疗前和治疗后第14天患者血浆vWF及血清hs-CRP浓度的变化,测定治疗前、治疗第30天的NIHSS评分,判定两组的疗效。结果：在治疗第14天,川芎嗪注射液组的vWF浓度明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。治疗第14天时,与对照组相比,川芎嗪注射液组hs-CRP浓度下降明显（P〈0.01）。川芎嗪注射液组治疗的有效率及显效率明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论川芎嗪注射液能够直接降低血清vWF和hs-CRP的浓度,这可能是其治疗脑梗死的机制之一。     

血脂异常对脑梗死的影响

目的考察血脂异常对老年人脑梗死的影响。方法筛选100例脑梗死患者,年龄45～81岁,与100例健康受试者作对照,抽取受试者清晨空腹静脉血3mL,离心后将分离的血清置-25℃冰箱备用。采用双抗夹心ELISA法检测血清脂蛋白(a);氧化本科法检测血清总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG);磷钨酸镁沉淀检测高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C);低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)采用计算公式:LDL-C=TC-(TG/2.2 HDL-C);免疫比浊法检测载脂蛋白A、B(apoA、apoB)。结果脑梗死患者血清LPa、TC、TG、LDL-C、apoB水平显著高于对照组患者,血清HDL-C、apoA水平显著低于对照组,且患者组血清中各项脂质浓度异常发生率与对照组比较差异具有显著性,P<0.05。结论血脂异常与老年人脑梗死密不可分,调解血脂水平至正常对于预防和治疗老年人脑梗死具有重要义。     

Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

The role of lipids is essential in any phase of the atherosclerotic process, which is considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. The traditional lipid profile (including the evaluation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) is a well-established tool to assess the risk of atherosclerosis and as such has been widely used as a pillar of cardiovascular disease prevention and as a target of pharmacological treatments in clinical practice over the last decades. However, other non-traditional lipids have emerged as possible alternative predictors of cardiometabolic risk in addition to traditional single or panel lipids, as they better reflect the overall interaction between lipid/lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, this review deals with the lipid involvement characterizing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, discussing some recently proposed non-traditional lipid indices and, in the light of available knowledge, their actual potential as new additive tools to better stratify cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia as well as possible therapeutic targets in the clinical practice.     

低Hb水平对AMI患者短期预后的影响

目的了解血红蛋白水平对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者短期预后的影响。方法回顾性分析兰州大学第二医院1998年1月至2007年1月因AMI入院的临床资料,依据入院时患者血红蛋白水平分为二组:血红蛋白水平≤100g/L组195例,血红蛋白水平>100g/L组1256例,研究的主要终点是30d死亡率。结果二组患者30d总死亡率为11.7%,血红蛋白水平≤100g/L组有37例死亡(19.0%),其死亡率比血红蛋白水平>100g/L组明显增高(133例死亡,10.6%,P<0.001)。多元逻辑回归分析显示:当对其它因素校正后,低血红蛋白水平仍是30d死亡的独立预测因素(HR1.86,CI1.12～2.96;P=0.02)。结论低血红蛋白水平与急性心肌梗死30d死亡明显相关,可作为判断预后不良的指标,应考虑对这些患者采取特殊治疗策略。     

Effects of Rice Bran Oil Enriched with n-3 PUFA on Liver and Serum Lipids in Rats

Lipase-catalyzed interesterification was used to prepare different structured lipids (SL) from rice bran oil (RBO) by replacing some of the fatty acids with α-linolenic acid (ALA) from linseed oil (LSO) and n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from cod liver oil (CLO). In one SL, the ALA content was 20% whereas in another the long chain n-3 PUFA content was 10%. Most of the n-3 PUFA were incorporated into the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of triacylglycerol. The influence of SL with RBO rich in ALA and EPA + DHA was studied on various lipid parameters in experimental animals. Rats fed RBO showed a decrease in total serum cholesterol by 10% when compared to groundnut oil (GNO). Similarly structured lipids with CLO and LSO significantly decreased total serum cholesterol by 19 and 22% respectively compared to rice bran oil. The serum TAGs level of rats fed SLs and blended oils were also significantly decreased by 14 and 17% respectively compared to RBO. Feeding of an n-3 PUFA rich diet resulted in the accumulation of long chain n-3 PUFA in various tissues and a reduction in the long chain n-6 PUFA. These studies indicate that the incorporation of ALA and EPA + DHA into RBO can offer health benefits.     

Metabolism of Storage Lipids and the Role of Lipid Droplets in the Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Storage lipids, triacylglycerols (TAG), and steryl esters (SE), are predominant constituents of lipid droplets (LD) in fungi. In several yeast species, metabolism of TAG and SE is linked to various cellular processes, including cell division, sporulation, apoptosis, response to stress, and lipotoxicity. In addition, TAG are an important source for the generation of value-added lipids for industrial and biomedical applications. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a widely used unicellular eukaryotic model organism. It is a powerful tractable system used to study various aspects of eukaryotic cellular and molecular biology. However, the knowledge of S. pombe neutral lipids metabolism is quite limited. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the homeostasis of storage lipids and of the role of LD in the fission yeast S. pombe with the aim to stimulate research of lipid metabolism and its connection with other essential cellular processes. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of fission yeast in lipid biotechnology and recent achievements in the use of S. pombe in the biotechnological production of valuable lipid compounds.