Sol-Gel法制备金云母/羟基磷灰石复合材料的研究

以熔融法制备可加工生物玻璃陶瓷的基础配方及分相机理为基础，采用溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了金云母和羟基磷灰石粉体，并由复合工艺制备了金云母／羟基磷灰复合材料。通过DTA、XRD、SEM等对粉体及材料进行了分析，结果表明：采用溶胶-凝胶法可制备出以钠金云母为主晶相的粉体，将该粉体与溶胶-凝胶法制备的羟基磷灰石粉体进行混合可制备出可加工性生物活性材料。     

Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2系统玻璃的分相行为和力学性质

研究了成分(摩尔%)为75SiO_2,12. 5CaO,12. 5Na_2O 和80SiO_2,10CaO,10Na_2O 的玻璃在650℃或(及)760℃热处理不同时间的分相行为。描述了不稳分解、成核生长两种分相及成分在不混溶区边界附近的玻璃形貌。在成核生长分相的区域发现一种典型的受高粘度阻滞的奥氏成熟(Ostwald-type Ripening)现象。在不混溶区边界附近因高温挥发或表面析晶发生的成分微量波动足以使分相行为显著改变。用超声波测定了弹性模量、剪切模量、压缩模量及泊松比。用三点及四点法测定了玻璃抗弯强度;还测定了 Tg 和密度。不稳分解和成核生长两种分相机理对性质的影响不同。此外,性质还与分相程度密切相关。     

溶胶—凝胶法制备微孔玻璃膜

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了以Ｎａ２Ｏ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２为基质玻璃、孔径在４￣６ｎｍ的多孔玻璃膜。对制备过程中的工艺条件进行了讨论，并用ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ、ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ和ＮＭＲ探讨了凝胶－玻璃膜转变过程中的物理化学变化和结构变化。结果表明：要获得均匀透明的溶胶必须控制硼酸和硝酸钠的含量，而盐酸和乙醇的中入量对溶胶的稳定性有显著的影响。凝胶干燥过程中的温度和相对湿度对制备完整的凝胶膜有较大的影响。溶胶向凝胶转变     

热处理温度对CeO_2-TiO_2复合薄膜性能的影响

以普通钠钙硅玻璃为基板,以Ti[O(CH2)3CH3]4和CeCl3.7H2O作为前驱物,在合适的Ce/Ti摩尔比例下,采用溶胶-凝胶法和提拉工艺制备CeO2-TiO2复合薄膜。热处理后的镀膜玻璃呈金黄色,但各个试样的颜色随着热处理温度的改变而有所区别。通过测试镀膜玻璃的色品坐标、透过率等,以探讨不同的热处理温度对CeO2-TiO2薄膜性能的影响。     

Bi-Si-B-O系溶胶-凝胶玻璃及其熔融-淬火玻璃的结构对比

采用溶胶-凝胶法（Sol-Gel）和熔融-淬火法分别制备了Bi-Si-B-Zn-Al-O系玻璃粉体,运用XRD、SEM、EMAX、IR、DSC/TG等手段对粉体进行了表征,并初步探讨了同体系不同制备方法下两种玻璃粉体的微观结构的异同.结果表明,两种玻璃粉体均呈玻璃态,溶胶-凝胶粉体颗粒较易破碎,球磨12 h后可得到1～10 μm范围的颗粒,其元素含量与实验设计比例较为接近;两种粉体玻璃网络结构相似,主要以［BiO₃］三角体、［SiO₄］四面体、［BO₄］四面体构成基本网络骨架;熔融-淬火玻璃结构中［SiO₄］四面体趋向于架状,使得粉体结构更加稳定,玻璃转化温度略高于溶胶-凝胶玻璃且均小于600℃.     

热处理对多孔玻璃孔径的影响

采用Na2O-B2O3-SiO2系统制备基体玻璃.经分相和酸浸析等处理方法.制得多孔玻璃.采用氮吸附静态容量法,测得多孔玻璃的氮吸附等温线、比表面积和孔分布曲线.讨论分相时间和温度对多孔玻璃的孔径和孔隙率分布的影响.总结了多孔玻璃的孔径随着热处理的温度和时间的变化规律.     

正交试验法研究定形复合相变材料的制备工艺

为制备适用于调温纺织品领域的定形相变材料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了复合相变材料,其中定形材料为以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体通过溶胶-凝胶法制得的二氧化硅凝胶,以月桂酸/十六醇二元低共熔物为相变材料.采用正交试验法研究了溶胶-凝胶法制备复合相变材料的工艺条件.各因素影响复合相变材料的控温能力次序为:酯PCM比>酯水比>pH>反应温度...     

多孔玻璃制造中的应力分析

对多孔玻璃制备中的应力进行了分析，产生应力的主要原因是：分相玻璃热膨胀系数不匹配；离子交换；毛细管力和水合力的作用。分相玻璃在浸析过程中由于组成、分相制度、冷却速度的不同，而使多孔玻璃受到拉应力或压应力，通过改善浸析条件可制得具有一定强度、没有裂纹的多孔玻璃。     

纳米二氧化钛的制备及其应用研究进展

研究了纳米二氧化钛的制备及其在塑料制品中的应用。根据反应体系的物理形态不同,其制备方法可分为气相法、液相法和固相法三大类,其中气相法包括化学气相沉积法和物理气相沉积法;液相法包括溶胶凝胶法、水热法和液相沉积法;固相法又包括固体混合法和直接焙烧法两大类。塑料制品中添加二氧化钛具有杀菌消毒作用。     

螯合剂在氧敏传感器钛酸锶薄膜制备中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SrTiO3薄膜，制备稳定的溶胶要求有适合的浓度和粘度，而且为有效控制膜厚及性能的重复性，溶胶必须长期稳定，采用螯合剂螯合来控制溶胶，使溶胶稳定。首次对溶胶凝胶法中两种不同螯合剂柠檬酸和乙酰丙酮的螯和作用机理进行详细讨论，通过红外光谱、X射线衍射以及扫描电镜分析比较，采用乙酰丙酮为螯合剂制备得到的钛酸锶薄膜氧敏响应性高。     

Laser-induced phase transformation in chalcogenide glasses investigated by micro-Raman spectrometer

A 488 nm continuous wave （CW） laser was employed in Raman spectrometer to both induce and characterize phase transformation in chalcogenide glasses. Laser-induced Raman inactive changes, structural evolution, and crystallization were observed at laser-irradiated region in GeS2-Sb2S3 glasses. The composition dependence of laser-induced phase transformation was discussed in terms of thermal stability and microstructural modification. It is strongly suggested from these results that fabrication of passive and active chalcogenide glass waveguides, such as refractive index change and nonlinear optical crystal line, is controllable by selecting appropriate glass composition, and convenient by using common CW lasers.     

Structure of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 system low-melting sealing glass

Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system glass is a kind of lead-free low melting sealing glasses. The structure of Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system low-melting sealing glass was investigated by DSC, FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The results show that with the increase of B_2O_3 content, the transition temperature Tg and softening temperature T_f of Bi_2O_3-ZnO-B_2O_3 system low-melting sealing glasses increase, which leads to the liquid phase precipitation temperature increasing and promotes the structure stability in the glass. With increasing the heat treatment temperature, a large number of liquid phases appear in samples and the sinter efficiency of the samples increases. The FT-IR spectra of the glasses show the presence of some bands that are assigned to vibrations of Bi-O bond from [BO_3] pyramidal and [BiO_6] octahedral units and B-O from [BO_3] and [BO_4] units. With the decrease of B_2O_3 content, the crystallization tendency of the glass increases. In glass samples B_1 and B_2, crystallization starts at 460 ℃ and 540 ℃, respectively. Both of them precipitate Bi-(24)B_2O_(39) phases.     

石英砂粒度对高硅氧纤维母体玻璃中B_2O_3挥发机理的研究

SiO2-B2Ox-Na2O系统是熔制高硅氧玻璃纤维常用的母体玻璃系统,该系统玻璃在熔化过程中常产生B2O3严重挥发的现象．作者采用石英砂、硼酸、纯碱为原料高温熔制高硅氧玻璃,分析了石英砂对高硅氧玻璃中B2O3挥发的影响．研究结果表明：石英砂粒度越小,高温熔制过程组成中的B20。挥发越小,粒度为300～360目的石英砂可以有效地将B2O3。挥发量降低到4％．     

FORMATION AND SOME PROPERTIES OF THE As_2Te_3-PbTe-XI_2(X=Pb,Hg) CHALCOHALIDE GLASSES

The As_2Te_3-based chalcogenide-halide glasses,which are strong candidates for infrared optical fibers,are studied.This paper investigates the glassforming regions of two quasi-ternary As_2Te_3-based systems.The glass-forming abilities are studied by differential thermal analysis(DTA).For the studied compositions,the glass transition temperatures (T_g) of As_2Te_3-PbTeHgI_2 glasses are higher than those of As_2Te_3-PbTe-PbI_2 glasses and As_2Te_3-HgI_2 glasses.With a wider infrared transmission range and the improvements in the thermal properties of the HgI_2 doped glasses, As_2Te_3-based glasses may lead to far-IR optical fiber development.     

Bi2O3-B2O3体系玻璃的形成结构与性能研究

采用熔融急冷法制备了Bi2O3 摩尔分数为25%～60%的Bi2O3 - B2O3 体系玻璃,对玻璃的形成能力、基本结构和性能进行了研究.X射线粉末衍射分析结果表明该体系的成玻性能较好,成玻范围较宽;FT-IR分析结果表明玻璃中含有[BO3]和[BO4]结构基团.利用差热分析（DTA）确定该体系玻璃的特征温度,以及特征温度随组成的变化;根据Brewster定律测量并计算了玻璃的折射率;根据阿基米德定律测试玻璃的密度和显微硬度,发现玻璃的显微硬度随着体系中Bi2O3含量的增加而减小,而密度随着体系中Bi2O3含量的增加而增加.     

Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3体系玻璃的形成结构与性能研究

采用熔融急冷法制备了Bi2O3摩尔分数为25%~60%的Bi2O3-B2O3体系玻璃,对玻璃的形成能力、基本结构和性能进行了研究。X射线粉末衍射分析结果表明该体系的成玻性能较好,成玻范围较宽;FT-IR分析结果表明玻璃中含有[BO3]和[BO4]结构基团。利用差热分析(DTA)确定该体系玻璃的特征温度,以及特征温度随组成的变化;根据Brewster定律测量并计算了玻璃的折射率;根据阿基米德定律测试玻璃的密度和显微硬度,发现玻璃的显微硬度随着体系中Bi2O3含量的增加而减小,而密度随着体系中Bi2O3含量的增加而增加。     

SIZE EFFECTS OF WINDOW GLASSES IN TALL BUILDINGS

A certain strength is required for thewindow glasses in tall buildings due to the high windpressure.The strength for large size glasses is gener-ally deduced from the testing results of specimens withsamll sizes by the Weibull statistics theory.By a greatdeal of experiments the authors have studied the thick-ness,span and width effects of flat glasses of onbending strength under biaxial stresses.Compared withthe Weibull theory,the accuracy of strength is deter-mined and a modification is made for the volume ef-fect proposed by Weibull.The size effect of Weibullmodulus is investigated as well and the reasonable spec-ification for flat glass strength is suggested.     

氟铝酸盐玻璃的研制

氟铝酸盐玻璃是一种新型的透红外氟化物玻璃。本文研究了RF_2-AlF_3-YF_3系统玻璃的形成能力,报导了玻璃的折射率、密度、特征温度和粘度等物理性质和化学组成的关系。并且在非等温条件下,用差热分析法研究了在熔体冷却和玻璃再加热过程中的晶化动力学;用x射线衍射方法确定了失透玻璃中的晶相。实验结果表明氟铝酸盐玻璃具有从紫外0.2μm到中红外7μm宽的透光范围,低的折射率、高的阿贝数和其它好的物理化学性质,与氟锆酸盐玻璃相比这种玻璃还有较好的化学稳定性和较高的机械强度。     

玻璃瓶罐的喷涂法化学增强

本研究对硅酸盐瓶罐表面采用钾盐进行化学处理,探讨了盐的种类、比例、浓度、喷涂时间、热处理温度及时间等工艺操作因素的影响;分析了瓶罐生产线热端喷涂增强处理后的结果。认为采用KCl:KNO_3为3∶1的喷涂液以及K_2HPO_4喷涂液对瓶罐的增强效果较好,啤酒瓶耐内压强度得到显著提高。     

Effects of rare earth oxides on viscosity,thermal expansion,and structure of alkali-free boro-aluminosilicate glass

Effects of rare earth oxides(Y_2O_3,La_2O_3,and Er_2O_3) on the viscosity,thermal expansion,and structure of alkali-free boro-aluminosilicate glasses were investigated by the rotating crucible viscometer,dilatometry and FT-IR absorption spectra.The results showed that the melting temperature of alkali-free boroaluminosilicate glasses decreased from 1 697.55 to 1 662.59,1 674.37 and 1 640.87 ℃ with the introduction of 1 mol%La_2O_3,Y_2O_3 and Er_2O_3,respectively.However,the glass transition temperature T_g,dilatometric softening temperature T_d and coefficient of thermal expansion of alkali-free boro-aluminosilicate glasses increased when adding the rare-earth oxides.At high temperatures,incorporating rare earth oxides into glass resulted in the peak at about 1 085 cm~(-1) towards lower wavenumber and the absorption band in the region of850-1 260 cm~(-1) broader,which indicated that rare earths acted as network modifiers and increased the numbers of non-bridging oxygen in the glass melts.However,the rare earths had an opposite effect and accumulated the glass structure at low temperatures near T_g.