炭膜处理印染废水的研究

以海南椰壳为原料,一次炭化后,加入粘结剂成型,再炭化,制得植物基炭膜,研究了所制炭膜处理印染废水的过程。重点考察了炭膜制备了工艺条件对炭膜分离性能的影响以及不同炭膜改性方法的效果,并且初步探讨了炭膜处理印染废水的机理。     

热缩聚煤沥青压型制备分子筛炭膜 (IV)活化法在炭膜制备上的应用

在破沉积法和表面涂层法制备分子筛炭膜的基础上，在氧化气氛下对所制得的分子筛炭膜进行适当活化，可以大大提高分子筛炭膜对H_2／CO_2的分离性能．实验结果表明，在750℃通入CO_2／N_2的混合气（体积比为1：4），对前述两种方法制得的分子筛炭膜活化30min，H_2／CO_2的分离系数由活化前的11．5上升到27．8，H_2的渗透速率略有提高，CO_2稍有下降．与其它几种膜材料H_2／CO_2的分离性能相比，活化制得分子筛炭膜有很大的优越性．     

原料粒度对煤基炭膜孔结构的影响

通过炭膜的孔径分布及ＳＥＭ结果分析，研究探讨了原料煤的颗粒度对煤基炭膜孔结构性能的影响。结果表明，不同原料粒度制得的炭膜具有不同的外观形态和孔隙结构。原料的颗粒度越小、越均一，所制得的炭膜平均孔径越小，孔隙结构越发达。因此，通过调节原料粒度可制得具有不同孔径和分布的炭膜。     

热缩聚煤沥青压型制备分子筛炭膜：（Ⅳ）活化法在碳膜制备上的应用

在碳沉积法和表面涂层法制备分子筛炭膜的基础上，在氧化气氛下对所制得的分子筛炭膜进行适当活化，可以大大提高分子筛炭膜对Ｈ２／ＣＯ２的分离性能。实验结果表明，在７５０℃通入ＣＯ２／Ｎ２的分离系数由活化前的１１．５上升到２７．８，Ｈ２的渗透速率略有提高，ＣＯ２稍有下降，与其它几种膜材料Ｈ２／ＣＯ２的分离性能相比，活化制得分子筛炭膜有很大的优越性。     

炭材料生产中煤沥青流变性能的调节

煤沥青流变性能对炭材料生产影响极大,煤沥青流变性能的合适调节及相应工艺参数的优选对于提高炭材料质量有着重要的作用。文章讨论了混捏、成型、焙烧和浸渍过程中影响煤沥青流变性能的因素,分析了工艺参数变化对煤沥青流变性能的调节作用,提出了改善煤沥青流变性能的措施。     

沥青基炭膜的制备研究

以煤沥青为原料经热处理、预氧化和炭化等工艺制备了炭膜,研究了制备条件对炭膜性能的影响及其气体分离的机理。结果表明,制备炭膜的最佳条件是热处理温度３７０℃,时间１２０ｍｉｎ;预氧化温度２２０℃,时间１２０ｍｉｎ,炭化温度９００℃。炭膜的气体分离机理是努森扩散,在高压差时伴有粘性流。     

改性聚酰亚胺膜用于甲醇/甲基叔丁基醚的渗透汽化分离

本文以己二酸对聚酰胺羧酸进行改性，制得改性聚酰亚胺膜，用于甲醇／甲基叔丁基醚的渗透汽化分离。研究了制膜液浓度、己二酸含量、原料液组成及温度等条件对膜分离性能的影响，并分析了膜的结构与特征基团的光谱图。     

自发泡法制备沥青基泡沫炭工艺对其结构性能的影响

在众多的炭材料中,泡沫炭以其优异的物理和化学性能被广泛地应用于化学工程、航天航空、生物工程等领域。沥青基泡沫炭更是成为了泡沫炭材料领域的研究热点。本文就近年来自发泡法制备沥青基泡沫炭的工艺进行综述,分析总结了原料、发泡温度等工艺条件对沥青基泡沫炭结构及性能的影响,简述其形成机理,对沥青基泡沫炭将来的发展进行了展望。     

热缩聚煤沥青压型制备分子筛炭膜(Ⅲ)─—表面涂层法制备分子筛炭膜

表面涂层法是制备分子筛炭膜的有效方法、以酚醛树脂的乙醇溶液作为涂层液对炭膜基板进行处理，制得适合H2/CO2分离的分子筛炭膜。结果表明，适宜的涂层液浓度为30％（Vol），涂层处理四次制得分子筛炭膜。H2与CO2的渗透速率分别为2．66×10－5和2．22×10－6cm3（STP）／cm2·s．cmHg，二者的分离系数可达到11．7。     

热缩聚煤沥青压型制备分子筛炭膜(Ⅲ)─—表面涂层法制备分子筛炭膜

表面涂层法是制备分子筛炭膜的有效方法、以酚醛树脂的乙醇溶液作为涂层液对炭膜基板进行处理，制得适合H2/CO2分离的分子筛炭膜。结果表明，适宜的涂层液浓度为30％（Vol），涂层处理四次制得分子筛炭膜。H2与CO2的渗透速率分别为2．66×10－5和2．22×10－6cm3（STP）／cm2·s．cmHg，二者的分离系数可达到11．7。     

煤沥青基碳纤维的制备及发展前景

通过对煤沥青的除杂和净化、中间相沥青的介绍,阐述了煤沥青基碳纤维的制备方法和生产工艺。同时对煤沥青基碳纤维市场前景的分析,表明了我国大力发展煤沥青基碳纤维的必要性。结果表明,进一步落实结构材料轻量化、制备高性能的煤沥青基碳纤维符合我国国情的发展需要。     

用活性炭吸附强化超滤过程脱除废水中染料的研究(英文)

In this study, orange G dye was efficiently removed from aqueous solution by ultrafiltration (UF) mem-brane separation enhanced with activated carbon adsorption. The powdered activated carbon (PAC) was deposited onto the UF membrane surface, forming an intact filter cake. The enhanced UF process simultaneously exploited the high water permeation flux of porous membrane and the high adsorption ability of PAC toward dye molecules. The influencing factors on the dye removal were investigated. The results indicated that with sufficient PAC incor-poration, the formation of intact PAC filtration cake led to nearly complete rejection for dye solution under opti-mized dye concentration and operation pressure, without large sacrificing the permeation flux of the filtration process. Typically, the dye rejection ratio increased from 43.6% for single UF without adsorption to nearly 100% for the en-hanced UF process, achieving long time continuous treatment with water permeation flux of 47 L·m 2·h 1. The pre-sent study demonstrated that adsorption enhanced UF may be a feasible method for the dye wastewater treatment.     

Preparation of semi-activated carbon fibers

Preparation of semi-activated carbon fibers (SACFs) using a precursor consisting of coal tar pitch and phenolic resin coated on glass fiber was investigated. Stabilization of the fiber structure by crosslinking both the phenolic resin and coal tar pitch was essential to achieving high surface areas during high temperature activation. The phenolic resin was cured by using aqueous catalyst (hydrochloric acid/formaldehyde) followed by oxidative stabilization of the pitch. A surface area of 1,206 m²/g based on the precursor was obtained through activation using carbon dioxide/steam at 880 ‡C. The pore size distribution was shown to be vary narrow using the Horvath-Kawazoe (HK) method.     

煤沥青基功能碳材料的研究现状及前景

我国煤沥青资源丰富,但深加工技术落后,产品附加值低,实现煤沥青高附加值利用是亟待解决的重大课题。本文介绍了以煤沥青为原料合成高性能功能碳材料的主要技术,重点阐述了以煤沥青为原料制备中间相沥青、多孔碳材料、碳纤维、二维纳米碳材料及碳基复合材料的研究进展。分析表明,高芳香性和高缩合度分子结构所引起的强π-π相互作用是阻碍煤沥青基高性能功能碳材料设计合成的瓶颈问题。通过催化聚合、氧化、共热解等技术手段可有效改善煤沥青分子结构及其物理、化学性质。结合模板复制、物理/化学活化、界面诱导以及催化石墨化等技术可实现多种功能性碳材料结构设计与表面化学性质调控。发展煤沥青分子结构调控新技术作为改善煤沥青基碳材料性能的重要策略,需要系统深入研究。     

炭化条件对多孔炭膜性能的影响

以石油沥青为原料,采用无粘结剂成型制备多孔炭膜,考察了炭化条件对炭膜的Ｈ２和Ｎ２气体渗透率和理想分离系数的影响,并用压汞法表征了炭膜的孔径分布,结果表明：炭化温度是影响炭膜性能的关键因素,制备的炭膜具有均匀性孔径分布,平均孔径为１５３ｎｍ。     

Effect of densification parameters on the low-energy tribological behavior of carbon/carbon composites

The low-energy tribological behavior was investigated in carbon/carbon composites fabricated by processing with different densification parameters. In the densification process, different impregnating precursors and carbonization temperatures were used to investigate the influence on physical and mechanical properties, microstructure and tribological behavior. Experimental results indicate that the density and hardness of resin-based specimens are higher than those of pitch-based specimens after four densification cycles. When increasing carbonization temperature in the specimens based on coal tar pitch, the open porosity increases whereas both the bulk density and the hardness decrease. When comparing the tribological properties of the specimens with different impregnating precursors, coal tar pitch specimens show lower and more stable friction coefficients and exhibit lower weight losses. This is because the pitch matrix is transferred to the preferred orientation structure carbon after carbonization. The different carbonization temperatures do influence the tribological properties; specimens carbonized at 700 °C exhibit the lowest weight loss and the most stable friction coefficient.     

Effect of activated carbons derived from different precursors on the hydrogen sorption properties of magnesium

The absorption-desorption characteristics towards hydrogen of obtained by ball milling under argon atmosphere magnesium based composites (containing respectively 95 wt% Mg and 5 wt% activated carbon (AC) derived from bean pods (BP), apricot stones (AS) and mixture of coal tar pitch and furfural (CTPF)), were investigated. Actually there is no substantial difference between the rate of hydriding and the absorption capacity for magnesium composite with AC derived from apricot stones, and for magnesium composite with AC derived from a mixture of coal tar pitch and furfural — the capacity is 6.13 wt% for the former and 5.98 wt% for the latter. More significant difference between the investigated composites was observed for the dehydriding process. The magnesium composite with synthetic carbon (from furfural and coal tar pitch) desorbs at 623 K and 0.15 MPa and the absorbed hydrogen about twice faster than magnesium composite with AC from bean pods. The activated carbon derived from a mixture of coal tar pitch and furfural has the highest specific surface area, and obviously this characteristic has important influence especially on the dehydriding kinetics of magnesium.     

CO2 separation by carbon molecular sieve monoliths prepared from nitrated coal tar pitch

The objective of the present work is to develop a simple procedure, which avoids the need of a binder, to obtain activated carbon monoliths from a waste precursor (coal tar pitch) suitable for CO₂ capture and/or separation. The main task of this process consists of a nitration process of the coal tar pitch. This nitration step over the coal tar pitch is characterised by different techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The nitration treatment produces the oxidation of the pitch molecules, leading to hydrogen consumption and generating oxygenated and nitrogenated surface complexes. As a consequence of this oxidation, nitrated coal tar pitch is an infusible material, which allows the carbonization of monolithic pieces avoiding their fusion. Decomposition of these surface complexes during the carbonization of monoliths generates narrow microporosity, which is suitable for CO₂ capture from gas streams at room temperature. The molecular sieving properties of these materials are studied by CH₄ and CO₂ adsorption kinetics.     

煤焦油低温萃取分离技术的开发与应用

介绍了枣庄矿业集团煤化工研究院有限公司与中国矿业大学联合研发的煤焦油低温萃取技术,利用1#溶剂、2#溶剂对煤焦油轻质、重质组分溶解度的不同,快速低能耗地将煤焦油分为轻质和重质两种组分,然后根据不同需要,将轻质组分和重质组分加工为不同产品。该技术克服常规煤焦油分离技术设备装置投资高、占地大、能耗高、环境污染严重等问题,为煤焦油加工探索出一条新的技术路线。     

基于视密度的煤气化渣水介质旋流炭-灰分离

煤气化利用过程中会产生大量气化渣,造成很大的环境污染,其综合利用势在必行。本文系统分析了煤气化渣不同密度组分的特性,明确了炭-灰分离是煤气化渣分质综合利用的前提与基础,并提出了基于视密度差异的炭-灰分离方法。以水介质旋流器为分选设备,通过单因素试验确定了主要工艺参数对炭-灰分离效果的影响规律,验证了水介质旋流分选对煤气化渣>0.074mm粒级炭-灰分离的可行性。借助Box-Behnken试验设计分析了旋流器锥体角度、底流口直径、溢流管插入筒体深度与产品灰分、产品产率及分选综合效率的定量关系,为煤气化渣炭-灰分离效果的预测及旋流器结构参数的选择提供了数据支持。本文研究内容对实现煤气化渣分质资源化利用具有指导意义。