酸性体系H_2O-NaBr混合溶剂中煤的电化学脱硫研究

对贵州地宗高硫煤在酸性条件下 ,H2 O- Na Br混合溶剂中电化学脱硫规律进行了研究 ,讨论了电解电流、温度、煤浆浓度、Na Br浓度、p H值及电解时间等主要因素对煤的脱硫率的影响 ,获得无机硫脱除率为 5 6 .71% ,有机硫脱除率为 38.0 3% ,硫的总脱除率为 4 5 .6 2 %的较好效果     

碱性体系中煤中有机硫的电化学脱除研究

以高硫煤为原料,用化学法将其无机硫脱除后,再以此作为电解煤样,在碱性条件下研究了煤中有机硫的电化学脱硫规律。讨论了电解电流、煤浆浓度、NaOH浓度等主要因素对煤中有机硫脱硫率的影响,并确定了适宜电解脱硫条件:NaOH质量浓度4.0mol/L,煤浆质量浓度0.04g/mL,反应温度70℃,电流强度1.0A,电解时间5h,获得了有机硫脱除率为32.50%的较好效果。     

硝酸预处理对正丙醇脱除煤中有机硫的影响

用1:4硝酸脱除无机硫后,通过正交实验确定了1:1正丙醇水溶液脱除涪陵高有机硫煤的最佳条件.分析了煤样的粒径、溶浆浓度、萃取时间及萃取温度对有机硫脱除率的影响.结果表明:用1:4硝酸脱除无机硫后,1 : 1正丙醇水溶液对高硫煤中有机硫的脱除率高,反应条件温和,容易实现.最佳脱硫条件为:煤样粒径0.12 mm,煤浆浓度0.083 g/mL,萃取时间90 min,萃取温度87 ℃,煤样的有机硫脱除率最高可达52.29%.     

煤中砷的超声波和微波辐照氧化脱除研究

用超声波和微波辐射法在氧化反应体系下,对晋源煤进行了脱砷的研究,主要考察了煤浆浓度、煤的粒径、处理时间、氧化剂的浓度、超声波功率以及溶液酸度等因素的影响.实验结果表明:超声波和微波结合氧化剂可得到较好的脱砷效果,砷的脱除最高可达90 %以上.在各影响因素中,煤浆浓度越低、氧化剂的浓度越高、酸度越大和超声波的功率越大,脱砷的效果越好.     

酸性条件下电解脱硫对煤质的影响

为研究HCl电解质体系中电化学脱硫对煤质的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析方法对原煤和脱硫后煤样进行成分分析,研究煤中矿物化学成分、矿物元素含量、黄铁矿分布形态、煤表面官能团变化等。结果表明,在电解质为HCl,电流密度0.044 A/cm2,煤浆质量浓度0.02 g/m L,电解质浓度0.75 mol/L,煤粒度小于0.5 mm的条件下,电化学脱硫法可有效脱除煤中硫,全硫脱除率为76.32%,其中有机硫、无机硫脱除率分别为62.32%和82.80%,基本实现无机硫和有机硫的同步脱除;煤中灰分较脱硫前降低了9.38%,精煤发热量增加了0.70 MJ/kg,表明电化学脱硫法基本不破坏煤的原有结构,有助于改善煤质。     

不同脱硫剂脱除煤中硫的研究

在不同的条件下,考察了不同脱硫剂对煤中全硫和各形态硫的脱硫效果.结果发现,次氯酸钠和双氧水等氧化类脱硫剂对煤中无机硫的脱除效果明显,而甲醇和N,N-二甲基乙醇胺等萃取类脱硫剂对煤中有机硫的脱除效果较好;此两类脱硫剂具有协同效应,配合使用可以增强煤中硫的脱除效果;另外,超声波和微波的辐照作用可以增强有机硫的脱除效率.     

四氯乙烯溶剂法脱除煤中有机硫的研究

在对多种有机溶剂萃取煤炭脱硫效果进行比较研究的基础上，实验筛选出脱硫效果最好的四氯乙烯作为萃取脱硫的溶剂．采用单因子法考察了煤的粒度、煤浆浓度、苹取反应温度、萃取反应时间等因素对脱硫率的影响，依据单因子实验结果，优选出了有机溶剂萃取脱除原煤中有机硫的最佳工艺条件：用四氯乙烯做溶剂，煤浆浓度为２０ ｍＵｇ，煤粒度为０．０７４ ｍｍ，萃取反应时间１５０ ｍｉｎ，草取反应温度 １２０ ℃，原煤的有机硫脱除率可达 ５０．２％．     

煤氯化铜氧化脱硫的研究

在间歇式压力釜内,以氯化铜为脱硫剂,系统考察了时间、温度、添加剂等反应条件对脱硫的影响,并对加氨的作用机理、氯化铜溶液的循环使用进行了初步的探讨。试验结果证明:氯化铜溶液既能脱除无机硫,也能脱除有机硫。在最佳条件下脱硫率达91％,氯化铜的回收率达83.5％。比较有效的添加剂为氨水和氯化铁。由于氨的弱碱性、溶胀性及与铜离子的络合性,加氨有效地提高了脱硫效率。因此氯化铜有可能成为更具实际意义的工业性的脱硫剂。     

丙二醇-氢氧化钾脱除煤中有机硫的研究

以重庆万盛高硫煤作为研究对象,选用硝酸预处理去除无机硫,并采用单因子法考察了煤浆浓度、反应时间、反应温度、丙二醇与氢氧化钾的配比对煤中有机硫脱除率的影响.结果表明,对于粒径小于0.075 mm的煤样,丙二醇-氢氧化钾脱除煤中有机硫的适宜条件为:煤浆浓度0.05 g/mL,反应时间90 min,反应温度180℃,丙二醇与氢氧化钾的配比为1∶1.在此条件下,有机硫从0.72%降到0.35%,脱除率为51.4%.     

正丙醇脱煤中有机硫的研究

对重庆市涪陵高硫煤在正丙醇溶剂中的脱有机硫规律进行了研究．采用单因子法考察了粒径、煤浆溶剂体积与煤样质量比、时间及温度等因素对脱硫的影响,优选出正丙醇脱除原煤中有机硫的最佳条件为：煤粒粒径100目～120目,煤浆溶剂体积与煤样质量比为16,反应时间为90min,反应温度为30℃,在最佳条件下,测得煤样的有机硫脱除率在42．82％～60.70%之间。     

煤种及活化条件对活性焦脱硫性能的影响

在流化床上制备活性焦(AC)并考察了煤种及活化条件(活化温度、活化时间及活化介质中水蒸汽浓度)对其脱硫性能的影响. 结果表明彬县煤是制备脱硫用活性焦的较佳煤种，在活化温度为800~900℃、活化时间为20~60 min、水蒸汽浓度为30%~80%(j)的范围内，制得的活性焦碘值为573~805 mg/g、苯甲酸吸附量为0.24~0.26 mmol/g、硫容(SO2)为174~275 mg/g.     

煤的化学氧化脱硫技术及其研究

以贵州省某煤矿炼焦煤为原料,采用了Fe3+、H2O2、HNO3等氧化剂进行了氧化脱硫处理,发现在较为温和的实验反应条件下,HNO3-HAC体系能够有效地脱除原煤中的大部分无机硫与部分有机硫,进而系统地考察了反应物用量、时间、温度等条件对脱硫效果的影响,结果表明,在HNO3-HAC溶液中,95℃左右反应1h,实验煤样全硫脱除率能够达到60%,有机硫脱除率可以达到50%以上。     

The influence of process parameters on desulfurization of Mezino coal by HNO3/HCl leaching

Coal desulfurization prior to usage is a preprocessing in order to achieve clean fuel and reduce environmental impacts such as acid rain. Desulfurization of Tabas Mezino coal was conducted with two consecutive steps of froth flotation at ambient temperature followed by leaching at various conditions. Reducing the ash content of Mezino coal by 35.7 wt.% and its total sulfur content by 36.9% using froth flotation process was successful. HCl and HNO₃ were used, separately, to leach the floated coal, and the effectiveness of each acid on Mezino coal desulfurization was investigated. Nitric acid was found to be much more effective than HCl and the effects of reaction time, acid concentration and temperatures as well as stirring speed were studied as major parameters in the nitric leaching process. Taguchi orthogonal experiment with the above mentioned parameter elements; one at three levels was used to optimize the experiment parameters by the analysis of variances. Applying of the Taguchi technique significantly reduced the time and cost required for the experimental investigation. The findings indicated that acid concentration, with a high contribution, had the most dominant effect on desulfurization performance, followed by temperature, stirring speed and time. Accordingly, the optimum condition was obtained as, temperature: 90 °C., acid concentration: 30%., and stirring rate: 1000 rpm. The total sulfur and ash removal after flotation and leaching at optimum condition reached to 75.4 and 53.2% respectively that is a remarkable result compared to the previous works.     

不动杆菌对高硫煤脱硫特性的条件优化

采用BBD（Box—BehnkenDesign）响应面法设计实验,利用实验室保存的菌株ND（Acin咖6口c衙sp．ND）研究了煤浆质量分数、菌种接种量、煤样粒度等因素对高硫煤中有机硫脱除率的影响。结果表明：菌株ND在煤浆质量分数20％、接种量50％（OD600=1．2）、煤样粒度0．125—0．097mm的条件下,经30℃,160r／min摇床培养8d后,高硫煤中有机硫脱除率达71．3l％;其中各因素对煤样有机硫脱除率影响的主次顺序为：煤样粒度〉煤浆质量分数〉接种量,煤样粒度和煤浆质量分数的交互作用显著,而煤样粒度与接种量及接种量与煤浆质量分数的交互作用不显著。最后通过对比脱硫前后煤样的红外光谱分析了有机硫的脱除机理,脱硫后煤的碳骨架变化小,但煤样的硫特征峰明显减弱,说明菌株ND能打断煤中S—O和-S-S-键,使之变为可溶性硫成分以实现有机硫的脱除。     

煤中黄铁矿的电化学脱硫及动力学研究

为了降低煤的脱硫费用和提高脱硫效率，以硫酸为介质，以硫酸锰为脱硫催化剂，在以石墨为电极的无隔膜电解池中研究了煤的电化学催化脱硫。研究表明，在特定的电解电位下，煤中无机硫脱硫率随着锰离子的浓度增加，煤浆浓度的降低和电解温度的提高而提高。进而对这些数据进行了动力学分析。结果表明：煤中黄铁矿脱硫速率与煤中活性黄铁矿（易接近）和惰性黄铁矿（难接近）及脱硫反应有关，脱硫模型符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood近似，脱硫表观活化能为10.44kJ/mol。     

Supercritical desulfurization of high rank coal with alcohol/water and alcohol/KOH

A high rank coal with total sulfur of 4.90% was extracted employing alcohol/KOH and alcohol/water under supercritical conditions both in a semi-continuous reactor and in a batch reactor. In the semi-continuous reactor it was found that supercritical desulphurization is mainly taking place within about one hour at 400°C. Pretreatment of coal with KOH up to 5% concentration was favourable for sulfur removal, but greater KOH concentration and longer soaking time brought about the opposite results. When the ethanol concentration was 95 vol % the organosulfur removal achieved the maximum. Ethanol/KOH solution as supercritical solvent enhanced the desulfurization process, in which the inorganic sulfur was removed preferentially. In the batch reactor it was found that there was reincorporation of both organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur. KOH addition can improve the sulphur removal greatly. When KOH/coal ratio was greater than 0.5, the tendency for sulfur removal was gradually slow.     

An extremely rapid, convenient and mild coal desulfurization new process: Sodium borohydride reduction

The present work describes the desulfurization of coal using mildly reductive method. Both a Yanzhou and a Yanshan coal (referred to as YZ and YS coal, respectively), were treated in an aqueous media employing sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) as reducing agent, which is a well known hydrogen storage. Reaction variables investigated include concentration of reductant, time, pH of initial media, temperature, stirring rate and particle size. The calorific values and ignition temperatures of the coal samples before and after treatment were determined. Results show that the total sulfur removal improved with the increase in the concentration of NaBH₄, shaking rate and temperature and with the decrease in the particle size. Meanwhile, decreasing the particle size from − 250 to − 109 μm increased the organic sulfur removal by more than six times for either of the coal samples. Considering economic rationality and operational convenience, the desulfurization conditions determined were 1.6 mM of NaBH₄ concentration, − 109 μm of particle size, neutral pH of initial media, 1 min of treated time, 100 rpm of shaking rate, 30 °C of temperature. This led to 23.8% and 59.0% reduction in the pyritic, 70.4% and 100% reduction in the sulfate, and 11.0% and 15.0% reduction in the organic sulfur, giving 31.3% and 40.8% reduction in the total sulfur for the YZ coal and the YS coal, respectively. Moreover, this resulted in the increase in the calorific values by 3.4-6.9% and the decrease in the ignition temperatures by 2-21 °C for the coal samples. The desulfurization method described here is extremely rapid, convenient, inexpensive and mild, and therefore, has considerable technological interest.     

硫酸铁氧化浸出脱除煤中硫研究

采用硫酸铁溶液氧化浸出法脱除贵州某矿煤中的硫,考察了硫酸铁溶液浓度、浸出温度、浸出时间及液固比对脱硫率的影响. 实验结果表明,在浸出温度100℃,浸出时间8 h,硫酸铁溶液浓度1 mol/L,液固比10:1时,能有效脱除煤中硫份,脱硫率达到48.56%. 脱硫前后煤样的对比分析结果表明,硫酸铁氧化浸出煤中硫的同时,不仅没有破坏煤中的有效成分,而且提高了煤样的热值,提升了煤的质量.     

CO2辅助好氧菌煤炭脱硫工艺的实验

生物脱硫技术具有环境和过程友好等特点,在煤炭脱硫领域具有重要的应用开发前景。本文主要研究了嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans）和嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌（Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans）混合菌群对高硫煤生物的脱硫工艺,分别考察了空气氧化环境、CO₂辅助气氛下的脱硫效果。实验结果表明,A. ferrooxidans和A. thiooxidans混合菌群在空气氧化环境下具有良好的脱硫能力,两种嗜酸好氧菌表现出一定的协同作用,无机硫脱除率可达70%;而CO₂辅助能够显著提高有氧条件下菌群的脱硫效率,无机硫脱除率可达90%以上。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱技术（XPS）等表征手段对脱硫后的煤炭结构变化和发酵脱硫机制进行研究,引入的CO₂一方面为两种好氧菌在发酵条件下提供碳源,促使菌群快速生长增殖;另一方面部分CO₂溶于水使发酵溶液中碳酸根离子浓度发生改变,实现降低发酵脱硫产物黄钾铁矾在煤粒表面的沉积密度,促进生物脱硫过程的进行。