提高尾油质量加氢裂化技术通过评议

提高尾油质量加氢裂化技术是中石化石科院为拓宽燕山石化乙烯原料来源和解决化工原料短缺问题而开发的新型中压加氢裂化技术。该技术2005年1月19日通过了中国石油化工股份有限公司科技开发部组织的评议。评议意见认为，该技术所配套开发的催化剂RN-32具有高的脱氮活性，其相对脱氮活性比RN-2高20％～38％，加氢裂化催化剂RHC-1具有选择性开环性能强的特点，     

提高尾油质量加氢裂化技术通过评议

据报道，提高尾油质量加氢裂化技术是中石化石科院为拓宽燕山石化乙烯原料来源和解决化工原料短缺问题而开发的新型中压加氢裂化技术。该技术2005年1月19日通过了中国石油化工股份有限公司科技开发部组织的评议。评议意见认为该技术所配套开发的催化剂RN-32具有高的脱氮活性，其相对脱氮活性比RN-2高20％～38％，加氢裂化催化剂RHC-1具有选择性开环性能强的特点，     

天津石化加氢裂化装置压减柴油措施及应用

介绍了加氢裂化催化剂级配技术,该技术可以在降低冷氢量与装置能耗的同时,最大限度地提高不同产品的质量。天津石化180万吨/年加氢裂化装置催化剂级配工业应用结果表明,采用抚顺石油化工研究院新开发的高效加氢裂化催化剂级配技术,加氢精制催化剂换用FF-46,加氢裂化反应器换用FC-52/FC-32/FC-80加氢裂化催化剂级配体系,当正常生产方案时,重石脑油与航煤收率分别提高3.87%和8.47%,柴油收率降低5.81%,航煤与尾油质量均提高;采用压减柴油方案时,航煤与尾油收率分别提高1.01%和7.12%,尾油BMCI值虽有所增加,但仍能满足生产要求,达到了压减柴油目标。     

FC-32A加氢裂化催化剂的工业应用

介绍了FC-32A催化剂在扬子石化2.0 Mt/a加氢裂化装置的工业应用结果,包括催化剂的装填,标定期间的产品收率与主要性质以及装置的能耗结果。结果表明,标定期间重石脑油收率为28.63%,较设计值低5%;航煤收率为19.44%,较设计值高6%;柴油收率为29.56%,较设计值高4%;加氢尾油含有50%柴油馏分,其收率为14.07%,但BMCI值不大于15,仍然是优质的蒸汽裂解制乙烯原料。     

高氧化铁加氢裂化催化剂产品预测

在中试加氢裂化装置中,采用FRIPP的常规加氢裂化催化剂的制作方法,制备加氢裂化催化剂,并且在制作加氢裂化催化剂的过程中浸入5%的铁元素。对高氮和低氮VGO原料油进行中型试验,研究了产品中轻石脑油、重石脑油、航煤馏分、柴油馏分及尾油馏分产品产率及产品性质随转化深度的变化规律。结果表明：反应总压14.7 MPa、裂化催化剂体积空速0.92 h-1、氢油比800∶1等条件下,高氮VGO与低氮VGO相比,达到相同转化率的条件,反应温度相差10℃左右,其中轻石产率均较低;重石产率、航煤产率提高幅度均较大;柴油波动幅度均较大;尾油产率下降幅度均较大,氢耗提高幅度均较小,催化剂选择性均较好。此外,在达到相同转化率的情况下,高氮与低氮原料油重石芳潜均较高,均是优质的重整原料;航煤烟点相差较大,低氮原料油航煤烟点稍好一些;柴油凝点相差稍大,低氮原料油柴油凝点稍好一些,柴油十六烷指数相差不大,均较高;尾油黏度指数相差不大,均较高,尾油凝点相差不大,尾油BMCI值相差较大。以上述数据为基础,结合六级总动力学模型,实现了各馏分收率、重石脑油芳烃潜含量、航煤烟点、柴油凝点、尾油BMCI值等产品产率及性质的预测...     

中低温煤焦油加氢改质工艺研究

在小型固定床加氢装置上,用加氢精制催化剂和加氢裂化催化剂对陕北的中低温煤焦油进行加氢改质工艺研究.着重考察反应温度、反应压力、氢油体积比和液体体积空速对加氢效果的影响,得到了优化的工艺条件:反应压力14 MPa,反应温度390℃,氢油体积比1 600:1,液体体积空速0.25 h-1.加氢改质产品切割得到汽油、柴油和尾油馏分,分别占产物质量的9.82%,73.12%和16.43%.汽柴油馏分经过简单处理后可以得到合格的产品,加氢尾油可以作为优质的催化裂化或加氢裂化原料.     

FC-20多产低凝清洁柴油加氢裂化催化剂的研制

FC-20催化剂是为满足国内北方市场对清洁低凝柴油的需求而开发的新一代高中油型加氢裂化催化剂。该催化剂以新型小晶粒改性β分子筛和纳米颗粒的无定形硅铝为主要酸性裂化组分,以金属钨镍为加氢组分,采用液相辅助混合技术制备,加氢组分与裂化组分能在催化剂中均匀分散,使得各组分可以充分发挥其催化性能,明显改善了催化剂的加氢性能和异构性能。反应性能研究表明,FC-20催化剂具有裂化活性适宜、加氢性能好、异构性能强、中间馏分油选择性高、柴油与尾油产品低温流动性好等特点,可以实现多产清洁低凝柴油和低倾点优质润滑油基础油原料的目的。     

F4412加氢裂化催化剂

F4412催化剂是新一代高抗氮高活性中油加氢裂化催化剂，该催化剂适用于减压馏分油一段串联加氢裂化工艺过程，以生产中国馏分油为主，兼产部分石脑油和可供作蒸汽裂解制乙烯原料的加氢裂化尾油，亦可将尾油经溶剂脱蜡，生产高粘度指数润滑油基础油，该催化剂具有高的加氢活性和好的抗氮性能，在裂化段进料氮含量50－100ug/g条件下使用时，仍具有相当高的裂化活性和稳定性，催化剂平均失活速率＜0.02℃/ d，运转周期达3年以上，而且加氢裂化产品质量优于已工业应用的同类催化剂，以F4412催化剂替换3824催化剂即能够在不断加反应器的条件下实现装置加工能力提高近50％的扩能改造目的，另外，F4412催化剂也适用诸如鲁宁管输油AGO与催化柴油混合油的中压加氢裂化（改质），可直接生产合格的3＃喷气燃料，同时兼产优质催化重整原料和优质轻柴油以及蒸汽裂解料。     

劣质催化柴油中多环芳烃选择加氢工艺评价

选取商品柴油加氢精制催化剂和催化柴油选择加氢裂化催化剂,采用N_2吸附-脱附、XRD、TPD、Py-IR等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,选择加氢裂化催化剂较加氢精制催化剂具有更大的比表面积和孔容,具有更多的中强酸量和较少的弱酸量,并具有更多的B酸中心。以中石化青岛炼化公司生产的高密度、低十六烷值的FCC柴油为原料,对商品加氢精制催化剂和加氢精制/选择加氢裂化组合催化剂进行FCC柴油中多环芳烃选择加氢工艺条件的考察,结果表明,加氢精制催化剂适宜的反应条件为370℃、1.25 h~(-1)、8.0 Mpa,加氢精制/选择加氢裂化催化剂适宜的反应条件为350℃、1.25 h~(-1)、8.0 MPa,组合催化剂的多环芳烃选择加氢效果较好。     

FC-38单段高中油型加氢裂化催化剂的首次工业应用

中国石化大连石油化工研究院（DRIPP）开发了以核壳型Al-SBA-15/Y复合分子筛为主要裂化组分,W-Ni为加氢组分的新一代单段高中油型加氢裂化催化剂FC-38。Al-SBA-15/Y复合分子筛将介孔SBA-15材料与改性Y分子筛进行复合,兼具微孔和介孔分子筛优势,既保证了裂化反应所需的酸性位,又提供了通畅的介孔通道,有效提升了催化剂的性能。结果表明,催化剂在首次工业应用周期内,活性稳定,各馏分产品质量均达到/超过炼厂要求,航煤馏分可直接作为优质3#喷气燃料,尾油粘度指数较上一周期提高6～7个单位,芳烃指数（BMCI）值也显著低于上周期,可作为优质的润滑油基础油原料或催化裂化原料。FC-38催化剂为炼厂提质增效提供有效助力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。