永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测方法

永磁同步电机(PMSM)转子初始位置的准确预测,对电机启动过程的控制有着重要的影响,而在无传感器下精准辨识转子初始位置对电机控制有着诸多好处。提出了一种基于脉冲电压矢量法的高精度永磁同步电机初始位置预测方法。该方法在分析了永磁同步电机转子位置对磁路饱和程度影响的基础上,通过在电机任意两相中加入正反向脉冲电压,测量无电流相的感应电压,获得感应电压幅值与转子位置的关系。利用测试数据训练神经网络来拟合这种关系,构成转子初始位置估算装置。通过仿真实验表明,这种方法可以克服采用电机集中参数模型所带来的各种误差,具有极高的预测准确性。     

内置式永磁同步电机转子初始位置估计方法

针对现有内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)转子初始位置估计方法设计复杂与计算量大的问题,提出了基于旋转高频信号注入和傅氏算法的改进方法。使用移相和傅氏算法从响应电流中提取转子位置初步估算值,利用磁路饱和特性获得转子磁极方向,综合其结果得到转子初始位置,并对死区效应等非线性因素对该方法的影响进行了分析。在此基础上提出使用移位代替移相滤波器(通过选择适当的PMW频率和注入信号频率)、平均滤波等方法改进算法实现。在实验平台上完成验证实验,实验结果表明本文提出的方法能够快速且准确地估算出IPMSM转子初始位置(误差小于6°电角度),并且该方法相比传统方法更容易实施、计算量更小,适合工程应用。     

转子微动状态下永磁同步电机初始位置检测

针对表贴式永磁同步电机在无位置传感器情况下难以检测出转子初始位置这一问题,研究了一种基于转子微动的初始位置检测方法.通过分析向定子绕组中注入极低频旋转电压时的电流响应,得出了在电机处于微动状态时可从静止坐标系电流响应中提取出转子初始位置信息的结论,并根据电流响应增幅的变化倍数来获得微动状态下的注入电压信号幅值,进一步提...     

内置式永磁同步电机转子初始位置估计方法

针对无位置传感器永磁同步电机控制系统起动运行困难的问题,提出一种基于混合信号注入的内置式永磁同步电机改进转子磁极初始位置估计方法.采用注入高频旋转电压信号的方法检测磁极位置,设计一种通过PI跟踪观测器对所构建磁极位置误差信号进行控制的方案,当误差调节至零时将获得磁极位置初判值,降低了算法的复杂性.以磁极位置初判值为矢量角,往定子绕组注入2个方向相反的脉冲电压矢量,通过比较直轴电流大小可以简单、有效地判断出磁极极性,实现对位置初判值进行校正,从而获得转子初始位置估计值.应用所提出的估计方法对一台22kW内置式永磁同步电机进行实验,得到转子位置电角度平均估计误差为4.6°.     

一种电动自行车用无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

本文提出了一种用于电动自行车的无位置传感器无刷直流电机转子位置信号的检测方法.本文所有测量电压的参考电位为电源的负母线.高速下通过比较电机的交流虚拟中点与直流虚拟中点,得到反电势的过零点;低速下将电机的交流虚拟中点电压与负母线电位进行比较,得到反电势的过零点.再将反电势的过零点延迟30°电角度即可获得无刷直流电机绕组换相所需要的转子位置信号.该方法具有扩展速度范围的优点.由于不必对检测信号进行滤波,不但省去了滤波电路,同时消除了滤波电路带来的相移问题.文中对该检测方法的原理进行了详细介绍,并通过实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

内嵌式永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测(英文)

针对内置式永磁同步电机的无感器运行问题,提出一种转子初始位置估计方法。通过对内嵌式永磁同步电机的定子绕组施加合适的电压脉冲,检测未通电相的端电压就可以获得转子的位置信息。利用磁饱和效应对凸极性的影响来区分南北极,从而区别2个稳定区,转子初始位置估计方法的分辨率为30°电角度。以DSP控制的永磁同步电机系统为试验平台,对所提出的方法进行了试验验证及试验结果分析,结果表明,提出的方法能够可靠而有效的估计初始转子位置。     

Initial rotor position estimation of a SRM drive installed in an electric vehicle

In this paper an estimation method of the initial rotor position at a stand still condition for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives is proposed. In the SRM, a rotor shaft is connected to an incremental encoder, thus, only an initial position should be detected to realize smooth start up operation. The proposed method is injecting voltage pulses to all windings and detecting the current and estimating the position based on a simple relation between inductance profile and phase current. With an accurate estimated rotor position, the motor can start smoothly under heavy load. The proposed method is implemented in a 6‐stator‐pole and 4‐rotor‐pole, 1.5 kW switched reluctance motor installed in an electric vehicle. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effects of rotor bar and end-ring faults over the signals of a position estimation strategy for induction motors

The effect of rotor faults, such as broken bars and end-rings, over the signals of a position estimation strategy for induction motor drives is analyzed using a multiple coupled circuit model. The objective of this analysis is to establish the possibility of using the estimation strategy signals for fault diagnosis in variable-speed electric drives. This strategy is based on the effect produced by inductance variation on the zero-sequence voltage, when exciting the motor with a predefined inverter switching pattern. Experimental results illustrate the feasibility of the proposal.     

Initial rotor position estimation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using optimal voltage vector

The initial rotor position estimation is a serious problem affecting sensorless drives of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper presents an estimation method of initial rotor position for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. The principle of the estimation is based on the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. The estimation is performed using the variation of the current response caused by the magnetic saturation when the voltage vector is applied to the motor. This method can be performed without motor parameters and any additional hardware. Decision method of the optimal voltage vector applied to the motor is also proposed to accurately implement the estimation. Experimental results show that the initial rotor position can be estimated without rotating the rotor by using the optimal voltage vector. It is found that the average of the estimation error is ±1.34 electrical degrees, and the estimation is completed within 15.2 ms in the test motor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 69–76, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20062     

Initial rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine using carrier-frequency injection methods

This work presents a method using carrier-frequency injection to estimate the initial rotor position and magnetic polarity for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine. A nonsaturating inductance model of the machine provides no information about the polarity of the rotor magnet because the position observer based on this model is locally stable at both poles. To distinguish the polarity of the rotor magnet, the magnetic saturation effect can be used. The Taylor series can be used to describe the nonlinear magnetic saturation relationship between the current and the flux linkage in the d-axis rotor reference frame. The second-order term produces the second harmonic component of the carrier frequency, and the sign of its coefficient identifies the polarity of the rotor magnet being tracked. Both simulation and experimental results show good response of the position observer at several rotor electrical positions using either a rotating vector in the stationary reference frame or a oscillating vector in the estimated rotor reference frame.     

A periodic burst injection method for deriving rotor position insaturated cage-salient induction motors without a shaft encoder

This paper describes a new method for estimating the incremental rotor position for an induction machine without using a shaft sensor. The method assumes a saturated induction motor having an engineered cage saliency spanning one pole pitch. The voltage-source inverter driving the machine is also used to inject a high-frequency signal which is needed to detect position. The paper discusses two ways in which this can be achieved. This method has been proven successful with a loaded machine at low speeds and overcomes problems associated with saturation     

一种新型无刷直流电机转子位置检测方法

提出一种新的基于假中性点电压交流分量积分过零点的转子位置检测方法。通过对假中性点电压信号特性的分析,提出假中性点电压交流分量积分过零点对应电机换相时刻。该方法低速检测范围更宽,实现简单,不要求无刷直流电机具有理想的梯形波磁场,在直流母线电压低的中小功率应用场合尤其具有技术优势。实验验证了方法的有效性。     

Sensorless rotor position estimation at standstill of cylindrical brushless dc motors using opened phase voltage change caused by eddy currents

A rotor position estimation of a cylindrical brushless dc motor at standstill has been difficult to obtain. Therefore, torque control of a motor has been difficult at starting of the motor, and realization of the position estimation at standstill has been sought. This paper proposes a simple processing of a rotor for which nonmagnetic materials are pasted on the rotor surface. This processing generates an eddy current on nonmagnetic materials and causes an opened phase voltage change according to rotor position. The experimental results using a microcomputer show that it is possible to estimate rotor position of the cylindrical motor despite a standstill by using the opened phase voltage change. ©�1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(1): 52–60, 1999     

永磁同步电机转子磁位自检测复合方法

针对永磁同步电机转子磁位和速度检测问题,提出了将脉振高频电压信号注入法和模型参考自适应法有机结合的新型无速度传感器的复合方法,建立了无传感器矢量控制系统.通过设计速度切换器,实现了两种方法间的平滑切换.解决了单一方法不能在全速度范围内同时兼顾良好的动态、稳态性能的问题,使系统实现了包括初始磁位在内的转子位置和速度的精确检测和控制.仿真结果表明,该复合方法能可靠的实现永磁同步电机全速度范围内的起动和运行.系统具有优良的动态、稳态性能.     

基于传感器集成概念的永磁同步电机转子位置检测

在分析高频信号激励下永磁同步电机数学模型的基础上,提出了一种基于电机凸极跟踪的转子位置估算自检测方法;讨论了利用高频信号注入、外差法及转子位置跟踪观测器等转子位置检测原理,并应用这种位置检测方法建立了永磁同步电机无位置传感器矢量控制系统的仿真模型。仿真研究表明,上述凸极跟踪方法能在永磁同步电机全速范围(包括零速和极低转速)准确地观测出转子的位置,是一种基于传感器与电机集成概念的无传感器交流调速系统,具有较好的静、动态性能。     

基于MRAS的永磁同步电机无传感器控制研究

针对在永磁同步电机(PMSM)中安装传感器带的高成本、体积增大、可靠性降低、易受环境干扰等缺陷,提出了一种基于模型参考自适应理论(MRAS)的转速和转子位置的估算方法.以PMSM本体作为参考模型,电机的定子电流作为可调模型,以超稳定性与正性动态系统理论(Popov)为基础,设计了自适应律PI调节器参数,达到了可调模型稳定追踪参考模型的目的,实现了无速度传感器的转速和转子位置的准确估计.仿真结果表明,所提出的电机无位置传感器的控制方法能在转速突变、负载转矩扰动的情况下,快速、准确估算转速和转子位置,具有较强的动静态性能和鲁棒性.     

Sensorless initial rotor position estimation of surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents a method of estimating the initial rotor position of a surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor without a position sensor. The estimation is performed by using the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. This method is based on the principle that the d-axis current value for the voltage vector applied to the motor under some conditions increases as the voltage vector generated from the inverter approaches the N pole of the rotor. During the estimation process, the rotor is practically at standstill. The experimental results show that the average of the estimation error is /spl plusmn/3.8 electrical degrees.     

PM motors for direct driving optical telescope

This article details the task of developing the drive systems for VLT (Very Large Telescope) control. The project entails the realization and the coordinated operation of four 8 m diameter optical telescopes in Chile for the period 1995-1998. A direct drive system has been chosen as the optimal drive solution from a performance standpoint. It consists of a segmental dual axial air gap brushless motor which is an unusually large torque motor, which must be manufactured piecewise and assembled on-site. Furthermore, the torque motor must couple in the stiffest possible way to the relatively light telescope assembly, and the thermal perturbations to the environment must be minimized. Finally, in spite of their very large size, the torque motors must be controlled with a very high control bandwidth; the torque slew rate must be extremely steep. The authors describe the design of the drive system including motor torque ripple. Finite element analysis of the motor is also discussed     

永磁同步电机速度位置估算法综合分析及验证

依据基于非线性坐标变换后能观测规范形的高增益观测器内核(NTOCF-HGO),设计用于永磁同步电机速度实时估计的自适应增益调节律,使其满足全局状态估计收敛,且能根据电机实际工作状态进行状态估计的稳态及暂态调节.结合基于直轴电流微分差值修正( RPECM-DDC)的位置角估计算法,证明两套算法的交联收敛机制.分析得出转速及转角估算法对电枢绕组电阻具有参数变化状态估计鲁棒性,且可应对负载转矩变化对状态估计造成的影响.进行基于该估计算法的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制算法级及系统级仿真实验,结果表明该算法可实现一定初始估计误差角的无传感器稳定起动,具有较好的中低速稳态及暂态估计性能.