耐盐乳酸菌的筛选及其诱变育种与耐受性研究

为缓解红酸汤工业化生产中主要原料辣椒脱盐工序带来的营养风味流失及水污染问题,从传统发酵辣椒制品中筛选出1株耐盐乳酸菌L-14,经鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum),在80 g/L NaCl条件下培养24 h活菌数达(8.20±0.118) lg CFU/mL,产酸量为(7.770±0.033) g/L。对其进行二轮紫外诱变以提高其耐盐产酸性,并比较突变菌株与原始菌株在耐酸、耐胆盐、耐人工模拟胃肠液、耐盐(NaCl)等耐受能力,得到1株突变菌株L14U2-3,在80 g/L NaCl条件下培养24 h产酸量为(8.989±0.095) g/L,较原始菌株提高15.69%,且连续传代10代产酸量无显著差异。突变菌株L14U2-3较原始菌株L-14,在pH 2.0时培养3 h存活率提高4.09%;在3 g/L胆盐下处理24 h活菌数提高5.32%;经胃肠液处理后,2株菌活菌数分别为(6.73±0.10)、(6.68±0.11) lg CFU/mL,无区别;在80 g/L NaCl下培养24 h菌株L14U2-3的活菌数为(8.89±0.003) lg CFU/...     

降胆固醇乳酸菌鉴定及其在体外模拟胃肠环境中抗性研究

一株源于四川泡菜的具有降胆固醇能力的乳酸菌p5经形态学、生理生化特征和16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum p5).在体外模拟胃肠环境中的抗性研究结果表明,p5具有较强耐酸能力,pH值为2.0时,2h活菌数保持在106cfu/mL;pH值为2.5时,4h内活菌数仍可保持在106cfu/mL,pH值为3.0～3.5时,p5 6h内活菌数可保持在106cfu/mL;p5具有耐高浓度胆汁盐的能力,在0.1%胆汁盐MPS中,p5表现出生长趋势,在0.2%～0.5%胆汁盐MRS中,p5活菌数下降急速,但6h后活菌数能保持在105cfu/mL;p5对肠炎沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等肠道致病菌有明显抑制作用.p5可望作为食品工业用菌种的资源.     

小麦提取物对乳酸杆菌胆盐耐受力的影响

模拟人十二指肠高胆盐环境,研究小麦提取物对乳酸杆菌胆盐耐受力的影响,探讨作为生产益生菌食品的小麦基质对乳酸杆菌的保护作用。将约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3、SNZ10,罗伊氏乳酸杆菌MNZ8、KNZ4 株菌,在含有小麦提取物的10g/L 胆盐溶液,pH7.0 的磷酸盐缓冲液中作用4h,检测其活菌数。未添加小麦提取物的对照4 株乳酸杆菌活菌数显著下降(P ＜ 0.05),其中MNZ8 对胆盐最为敏感,活菌数下降1.74 lg(CFU/ml),KNZ4 的耐受力最强,活菌数下降1.16 lg(CFU/ml);添加小麦提取物后,4 株乳酸杆菌的胆盐耐受力均显著提高(P ＜ 0.05),但对不同菌株提高程度有差异,其中,JJB3 胆盐耐受力提高最明显,其活菌仅减少了0.11 lg(CFU/ml)。葡萄糖和游离氨基氮(FAN)的浓度与乳酸杆菌耐胆盐能力的提高呈正相关关系,但葡萄糖的保护作用显著高于游离氨基氮。小麦提取物对4 株乳酸杆菌耐受模拟十二指胆盐环境具有较好的保护作用,对约氏乳酸杆菌JJB3 保护作用最好。     

植物乳杆菌最适生长底物解析及高密度培养工艺

为提高植物乳杆菌的增殖浓度,分别测定菌株在添加不同氮源、不同缓冲盐、不同浓度的MnSO4和不同促生长物质时菌株的生长浓度。结果表明,酵母类氮源是植物乳杆菌的最适氮源,缓冲盐在恒pH培养时对菌株生长无促进作用,锰浓度与最高活菌数呈正相关,在以酵母浸粉为氮源时植物乳杆菌培养不需要添加其他生长因子。进一步优化菌株的最适pH值和碳氮比,基于可耐受渗透压,优化恒pH培养和恒pH自动反馈补料培养基和培养工艺,得到各菌株的最适培养策略。3株菌的最适氮源添加量为40~45 g/L,MnSO4的最适添加量为0. 25 g/L,最适碳氮比为对数生长期生长速率被抑制时的碳氮消耗比。恒pH 5. 5自动反馈补料培养植物乳杆菌X1,活菌数达到4. 1×10^10CFU/mL;恒pH 5. 5分批培养植物乳杆菌N8,活菌数达到2. 9×10^10CFU/m L;恒pH 6. 0分批培养植物乳杆菌N9,活菌数达到6. 2×10^10CFU/mL。该研究结果的应用将显著提高植物乳杆菌的工业化生产效率。     

直投式酸奶发酵剂的研制

直投式酸奶发酵剂是新型工业化生产菌种,其活菌数高,使用简单。以嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌为菌种,通过筛选最佳缓冲剂、营养因子及优化冷冻干燥保护剂配方,对直投式酸奶发酵剂加工酸奶过程中活菌数指标进行研究。结果表明,当缓冲剂Ⅱ体积分数为2%,营养因子为2%番茄汁、6%胡萝卜汁、8%马铃薯汁,冷冻干燥保护剂为20 mL/L甘油、8 g/L葡萄糖、20 g/L抗坏血酸时,制备出的直投式酸奶发酵剂,0 d时活菌数为4.22×10~9 CFU/mL,7 d时活菌数为2.73×10~9 CFU/mL,30 d时活菌数为6.57×10~8 CFU/mL,90 d时活菌数为3.69×10~8 CFU/mL。该发酵剂制作的酸奶,凝乳时间为4 h,21 d时活菌数为(4.11±0.05)×10~7 CFU/mL,品质较好,所得到的冻干型直投式菌种适用于酸奶的开发。     

酸白菜腌制过程中优势乳酸菌及菌群演替规律研究

以陕西杨凌地区大白菜为原料,切碎,添加2.5%食盐,在22 ℃进行半厌氧自然发酵酸泡菜。发酵过程中在不同时间取泡菜液,测定泡菜pH值、乳酸菌落和菌落总数变化,分离鉴定优势乳酸菌株,检测酸白菜微生物多样性,探究酸白菜腌制过程中菌群的演替变化规律。结果表明:泡菜自然发酵,从第0天到第7天,pH值从初始的6.0降到4.2,乳酸菌数由4.65 lg(CFU/mL)增至7.86 lg(CFU/mL),菌落总数由9.11 lg(CFU/mL)减至8.65 lg(CFU/mL)。在不同发酵阶段共分离鉴定出27株乳酸菌,分别为10株明串珠菌,7株魏斯氏菌,4株乳酸乳球菌,4株弯曲乳杆菌和2株戊糖片球菌。泡菜发酵起始优势乳酸菌种属为魏斯氏菌,发酵中期优势乳酸菌逐渐变成乳酸乳球菌,肠膜明串珠菌演替成优势乳酸菌。整个泡菜发酵阶段异型乳酸发酵菌种占据主导地位,发酵中、后期(5 d后)同型乳酸发酵菌种参与泡菜发酵。     

3株植物乳杆菌LPL04、LPL05、LPL14的益生特性

对广东省微生物种质资源库保藏的3株野生植物乳杆菌LPL04、LPL05、LPL14进行体外实验,对其耐酸、耐胆盐、抑菌、降胆固醇能力进行探讨,为接下来的菌种优化提供方向。通过活菌计数测定3株植物乳杆菌耐酸、耐胆盐能力,通过抑菌圈法测定3株植物乳杆菌抑菌特性,通过邻苯二甲醛法测定植物乳杆菌的胆固醇降解能力。结果表明,其中植物乳杆菌LPL05耐酸能力最强,p H2.5条件下2 h活菌数达2.0×107 cfu/m L,存活率为72.9%;LPL04耐胆盐能力最好,0.3%胆盐水平下2 h活菌数依然达到2.05×107 cfu/m L水平,存活率为36.6%;LPL04对藤黄微球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有良好的抑制效果;LPL14在体外降解胆固醇量最大,降解量为17.86μg/m L;3株菌均有良好的益生菌潜力。     

双歧杆菌优良菌株的筛选及耐消化道逆环境性能

以改良MRS培养基作为选择性培养基,初筛得75 株严格厌氧且菌落呈蓝色的双歧杆菌疑似菌株。在pH3.0和含3.0 mg/mL胆盐的改良MRS培养基中培养20 h,得到吸光度较高的11 株,并选出耐酸耐胆盐较好的NCU712、NCU701、NCU708进行生理生化鉴定,NCU712基本符合长双歧杆菌的特征。经16S rDNA分子生物学鉴定菌株NCU712为长双歧杆菌。并在模拟人体消化道逆环境下对菌株NCU712的耐受力进行初步研究。结果表明：在pH 3.5以上的人工胃液中,NCU712活菌数随着作用时间的延长而略有上升;pH 2.5时菌株NCU712的D值为30.42 min;pH 3.0时D值为92.97 min,作用2.5 h活菌数保持在107 CFU/mL以上;人工肠液作用4.0 h后,活菌数保持在108 CFU/mL以上;3.0 mg/mL胆盐中培养24 h后,活菌数下降1（lg（CFU/mL））。说明NCU712对人体胃肠道耐受性良好。     

植物乳杆菌NCU116在模拟人体消化环境中的耐受力

模拟人体消化道环境,即在人工胃液、人工肠液、胆盐和高盐环境下对植物乳杆菌NCU116的耐受力进行研究。结果表明：植物乳杆菌NCU116在pH1.5和pH2.5的人工胃液中培养3h,存活率分别达到了32.62%和45.76%,在pH3.5以上的人工胃液中能保持很高的存活率;在人工肠液中作用4h,存活率达到了49.63%;牛胆盐环境中培养24h后的NCU116活菌数随牛胆盐质量浓度(0.03～1.00g/mL)的增加而降低,但活菌数均保持在107CFU/mL以上;NaCl高盐环境中培养24h后的活菌数随NaCl质量浓度(1～8g/100mL)的增加而稍有降低,当NaCl质量浓度为8g/100mL时,活菌数仍在108CFU/mL以上。这表明植物乳杆菌NCU116对人工胃液、人工肠液、胆盐和高盐具有较好的耐受力,在食品和保健品工业中具有良好的应用前景。     

乳酸菌与酵母菌混合发酵及冻干菌粉的研究

试验研究了Lactobacillus plantarum P-8与Saccharomyces cerevisiae QH2-2高密度混合发酵培养基、发酵条件优化及其冻干菌粉的制备。通过对氮源、发酵温度以及接菌工艺的优化证实以大豆蛋白粉为氮源,30℃同时接菌能获得更高的L.plantarum P-8和S.cerevisiae QH2-2活菌数(分别为5.98×10~9 CFU/mL和3.15×10~7 CFU/mL),较优化前分别提高了2.11倍和3.09倍。在此基础上,上发酵罐对发酵条件进行优化证实同时接菌(L.plantarum P-8 6%和S.cerevisiae QH2-2 1%),30℃下前7 h通空气,7 h后不通气条件下,L.plantarum P-8活菌数可达到1.66×10~10~ CFU/mL,S.cerevisiae QH2-2活菌数可达到6.21×10~7 CFU/mL,较上发酵罐前分别提高了2.77倍和1.97倍。L.plantarum P-8和S.cerevisiae QH2-2混合发酵液经冷冻干燥获得L.plantarum P-8的活菌数2.91×10~11 CFU/g,S.cerevisiae QH2-2的活菌数1.10~×10~9 CFU/g。上述菌种的混合发酵为益生菌发酵剂和微生态制剂的制备提供了参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press