模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术的发展及软件应用

概括了模具CAD/CAE/CAM技术的优势和内容,概述了国内外常用的CAD/CAE/CAM软件,主要介绍了几种小型CAD/CAE/CAM软件、大型集成CAD/CAE/CAM软件以及有限元分析专业软件.随着模具CAD/CAE]CAM技术朝着集成化、网络化、标准化、专业化、开放性、虚拟化、专业化和智能化方向发展,其必将在产品设计与制造中发挥越来越重要的作用.     

数控应用技术协会成立

全国第一家数控应用技术协会于今年3月29日在上海CAD/CAM应用中心正式成立。它是由上海CAD/CAM应用中心和上海第四机床厂联合组建的,上海CAD/CAM应用中心是上海航天局所属的高技术科研服务机构。上海第四     

雷达柔性生产系统的设想

五、构成CIM的CAD/CAM CIM系统必须考虑计算机最大限度的活用,而CAD/CAM系统则对计算机的活用起主导作用。设计部门应用CAD,进行设计出图;制造部门应用CAM,进行种种制造方面的技术业务活动。雷达柔性生产系统CIM的CAD/CAM系统构成如下: CAD/CAM分硬件系统和软件系统两大部分。雷达生产系统CIM的CAD/CAM的硬件和软件系统分别作以下考虑: 1.CAD/CAM的硬件组成 CAD/CAM的硬件系统一般分以下三种:     

面向制造的箱体零件CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系统的研究与实现

CAD/CAPP/CAM集成是CIMS环境中一项极其重要的工程.本文在分析传统的CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系统的基础上,详细地叙述了面向制造的箱体零件CAD/CAPP/CAM集成系统的设计与开发.整个系统包括箱体零件的特征造型、制造性能评价、工艺设计及NC自动编程与仿真四个子系统.     

基于AutoCAD的常用CAD/CAM软件数据交换研究

探讨了AutoCAD、CAXA电子图板、Pro/E和MasterCAM四种软件的特点及四种软件之间数据交换的格式,并阐述了AutoCAD与常用CAD/CAM软件实现数据交换途径。     

CAD/CAM软件与技术人员的应用培训

本文对当前常见的几种CAD/CAM软件进行了介绍，提出了技术人员掌握并应用CAD/CAM技术的重要性，并就如何做好技术人员的CAD/CAM技术应用培训进行了探讨。     

逆向技术在模具设计制造中的应用

1.概述 在现代工业生产中,以模具为基本工装的成型加工,以其优质、高效、低消耗和低成本等优点,在国民经济中发挥着日益重要的作用。 随着CAD/CAM技术的飞速发展,近几年我公司的产品及模具的设计和制造水平提高很快,目前已由传统的人工设计单件制造,发展到了CAD/CAM智能化制造技术,CAD/CAM在缩短工程设计和制造流程方面所展现的能力已证明是模具发展的趋势。 在CAD/CAM中作为产品信息的来源主要有四种:设计思维、二维工程图、实物和产品电子信     

CAD／CAM一体化的应用与开发

文章概要地介绍了CAD/CAM系统的结构、CAD/CAM一体化的工作流程,提出实现CAD/CAM一体化的几种可行方案,并以具体零件机床为例,给出从设计到数控编程和机床加工的全过程。     

融合工艺知识的机械CAD/CAM课程教学改革

机械CAD/CAM课程是高职院校机械制造类专业的核心课程,目前机械CAD/CAM人才的综合应用能力相对薄弱,不能在企业发挥应有的作用。针对上述现状,提出了融合工艺知识的机械CAD/CAM课程教学改革模式,并实施了"小组讨论法"教学和教、学、做一体化教学,经实践证明,课程改革取得了很好的效果。     

基于Web的同步协同CAD/CAM系统的数据交换机制

基于Web的协同CAD/CAM技术是网络环境下数字化设计与制造的一个重要研究方向。本文结合同步协同CAD/CAM原型系统C SupermanCAD/CAM的开发 ,提出了一种在同步协同CAD/CAM系统中进行操作命令、三维几何数据和多媒体数据交换的解决方案 ,为面向 2 1世纪的新一代制造技术的实现提供了可靠的保证。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Immunohistochemical distribution of enkephalin, substance P, and somatostatin in the brainstem of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens

The brainstems of frogs contain many of the neurochemicals that are found in mammals. However, the clustering of nuclei near the ventricles makes it difficult to distinguish individual cell groups. We addressed this problem by combining immunohistochemistry with tract tracing and an analysis of cell morphology to localize neuropeptides within the brainstem of Rana pipiens. We injected a retrograde tracer, Fluoro-Gold, into the spinal cord, and, in the same frog, processed adjacent sections for immunohistochemical location of antibodies to the neuropeptides enkephalin (ENK), substance P (SP), and somatostatin (SOM). SOM+ cells were more widespread than cells containing immunoreactivity (ir) to the other substances. Most reticular nuclei in frog brainstem contained ir to at least one of these chemicals. Cells with SOM ir were found in nucleus (n.) reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis magnocellularis, n. reticularis paragigantocellularis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the optic tectum, n. interpeduncularis, and n. solitarius. ENK-containing cell bodies were found in n. reticularis pontis oralis, n. reticularis dorsalis, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the tectum. The midbrain contained most of the SP+ cells. Six nonreticular nuclei (griseum centrale rhombencephali, n. isthmi, n. profundus mesencephali, n. interpeduncularis, torus semicircularis laminaris, and the tectum) contained ir to one or more of the substances but did not project to the spinal cord. The descending tract of V, and the rubrospinal, reticulospinal, and solitary tracts contained all three peptides as did the n. profundus mesencephali, n. isthmi, and specific tectal layers. Because the distribution of neurochemicals within the frog brainstem is similar to that of amniotes, our results emphasize the large amount of conservation of structure, biochemistry, and possibly function that has occurred in the brainstem, and especially in the phylogenetically old reticular formation.     

Review on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens: Methodologies and applications

In recent years, microbial metabolomics, a new field that has attracted wide attention, provides a map of metabolic pathways and clarifies the interaction mechanism between microorganisms and hosts. Many microorganisms are found in the human intestine, oral cavity, vagina, etc. Probiotics could maintain the good health of the host, while pathogens and an imbalance of bacterial flora lead to a series of diseases of the body and mind. Metabolomics is a science for qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolites in an organism or biological system, which could provide key information to understand the related metabolic pathways and associated changes. This approach analyzes the final products of cellular regulatory processes, the level of which can be regarded as the ultimate response of the biological system to genetic or environmental changes. Microbial metabolomics has been widely used in different research fields, such as microbial phenotypic classification, mutant screening, metabolic pathways, microbial metabolic engineering, fermentation engineering monitoring and optimization, microbial environmental pollution, and so on. However, there are only a few reviews on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens. This review summarizes the main methodologies, including sample preparation, identification of metabolites, data processing, and analysis. Recent applications in microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens are also described. This paper first summarized the research progress and application of microbial metabolomics from two aspects: probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and pathogenic bacteria do not exist independently most of the time; hence, these were reviewed in the research field of coexistence of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria, which was subdivided into important microbial research fields closely related to human health, including the human gut, oral cavity, food, and nutrition-related microorganisms. Then, the main problems and trends associated with microbial metabolomics are discussed.     

Localization of sarcoglycan, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin molecules in normal skeletal myofiber: triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy.

In order to investigate the mode of existence of the sarcoglycan complex, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin in the normal skeletal myofiber, we examined the ultrastructural localization and mutual spatial relationship of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, dystrophin, and the individual components of the sarcoglycan complex by using triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy. Each molecule of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycans is located intracellularly or extracellularly near the muscle plasma membrane mostly in accordance with the sarcoglycan antigenic sites against which the antibodies were generated. The association of different two and/or three sarcoglycan molecules out of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycan molecules was frequently observed. Each molecule of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin was ultrastructurally noted along the cell surface of normal skeletal myofibers. Moreover, the close relation of a sarcoglycan molecule with beta-dystroglycan and dystrophin, and the association of nNOS with dystrophin were also confirmed ultrastructurally. Thus, this study demonstrated that the constituting molecules of the sarcoglycan complex, nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin existed in the form of a cluster at the normal muscle plasma membrane. The association of nNOS with dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins may form a macromolecular signaling complex at the muscle plasma membrane.     

可控式增压复合油缸设计及其性能分析

针对大压力、小压力行程的重型液压设备的结构尺寸大、油泵功率大、利用系数低、液压系统复杂等问题,提出一种压力随机可调、工作效率高、结构紧凑、性能稳定可靠的复合式高增压油缸结构。对比分析了复合缸液压机和普通单缸液压机的工作过程;论述了复合缸液压机的运行原理和设计要求;介绍了可控式增压复合油缸性能及应用。结果表明:通过增压缸将液压系统提供的压力油转换为增压油提供给主油缸,使其产生大的压力输出,可有效地减小设备主机尺寸;通过控制缸随时进行高低压转换,各阶段速度压力按需配置,实现成形工艺的最优搭配,成形周期缩短;可以提高油泵的利用系数,减小泵站装机容量;液压系统工作负荷低,性能稳定可靠,寿命长。     

救助打捞装备现状与发展

救助打捞是国家应急保障体系的重要组成部分,承担着我国海上人命、财产、环境救助、沉船沉物打捞及其他对海上运输和海上资源开发提供安全保障等多项任务。加强救助打捞装备技术研究,是提高救助打捞综合能力的根本,是国家发展战略的重要构成。救助打捞装备专业性强,具有在高海况和大深度条件下工作可靠的适应性特点,同时又是诸多陆上装备向海上和水下发展的延伸,存在相通之处。救助打捞装备交叉机械、电气、流体、微电子、材料等多学科,其关键共性技术又不仅仅局限于救助打捞领域,在海上运输、海洋油气开发、海洋勘探、军事等领域均有应用。以救助船舶、救助飞机、海上搜寻装备、溢油处置装备等代表性的救助装备和打捞工程船、攻千斤装备、水下作业装备、饱和潜水装备、起浮装备等代表性的打捞装备为对象,分析该领域国内外发展现状和趋势,提出救助打捞装备面临的关键技术问题,为我国救助打捞装备的发展战略研究提供参考。     

An experimental study on the performance of air/water direct contact air conditioning system

Direct contact air conditioning systems, in which heat and mass are transferred directly between air and water droplets, have many advantages over conventional indirect contact systems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the cooling and heating performances of direct contact air conditioning system for various inlet parameters such as air velocity, air temperature, water flow rate and water temperature. The experimental apparatus comprises a wind tunnel, water spray system, scrubber, demister, heater, refrigerator, flow and temperature controller, and data acquisition system. The inlet and outlet conditions of air and water are measured when the air contacts directly with water droplets as a counter flow in the spray section of the wind tunnel, and the heat and mass transfer rates between air and water are calculated. The droplet size of the water sprays is also measured using a Malvern Particle Analyzer. In the cooling conditions, the outlet air temperature and humidity ratio decrease as the water flow rate increases and as the water temperature, air velocity and temperature decrease. On the contrary, the outlet air temperature and humidity ratio increase in the heating conditions as the water flow rate and temperature increase and as the air velocity decreases.     

“老板文化”对“企业文化”的作用——也谈“企业文化”建设的认知

优秀企业的成长、发展、壮大,与其优秀的＂企业文化＂建设不无关系。任何企业都是有文化的,不存在没有文化的组织,只有不同文化的组织。衡量企业文化的标准,只有显著程度、优劣和现实性,而不是有或无。只要有人群存在,他们的行为就构成一定的文化。企业老板,是企业文化的倡导者和缔造者。老板对企业文化建设的影响很大。＂老板文化＂是＂企业文化＂的奠基石。因此,企业要创建优秀的企业文化,企业领导层首先要有优秀的＂老板文化＂。而随着企业的发展,企业所有员工共同参与讨论并提炼企业文化,逐步走向民主与开放。这时的企业文化更多的融入了集体的智慧,老板文化的作用会逐渐减小,所以企业文化又不单是老板文化。     

Comparative assessment of force,temperature, and wheel wear in sustainable grinding aerospace alloy using biolubricant

The substitution of biolubricant for mineral cutting fluids in aerospace material grinding is an inevitable development direction, under the requirements of the worldwide carbon emission strategy. However, serious tool wear and workpiece damage in difficult-to-machine material grinding challenges the availability of using biolubricants via minimum quantity lubrication. The primary cause for this condition is the unknown and complex influencing mechanisms of the biolubricant physicochemical properties on grindability. In this review, a comparative assessment of grindability is performed using titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, and high-strength steel. Firstly, this work considers the physicochemical properties as the main factors, and the antifriction and heat dissipation behaviours of biolubricant in a high temperature and pressure interface are comprehensively analysed. Secondly, the comparative assessment of force, temperature, wheel wear and workpiece surface for titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, and high-strength steel confirms that biolubricant is a potential replacement of traditional cutting fluids because of its improved lubrication and cooling performance. High-viscosity biolubricant and nano-enhancers with high thermal conductivity are recommended for titanium alloy to solve the burn puzzle of the workpiece. Biolubricant with high viscosity and high fatty acid saturation characteristics should be used to overcome the bottleneck of wheel wear and nickel-based alloy surface burn. The nano-enhancers with high hardness and spherical characteristics are better choices. Furthermore, a different option is available for high-strength steel grinding, which needs low-viscosity biolubricant to address the debris breaking difficulty and wheel clogging. Finally, the current challenges and potential methods are proposed to promote the application of biolubricant.     

可展开固体反射面机构设计及运动学分析

针对传统固体反射面机构主反射面型面精度和收拢率较低的问题,设计了一种可展开固体反射面机构。首先,提出4种固体反射面机构可展单元构型并对其机构自由度进行分析,对比分析构型方案优缺点确定构型方案4作为可展单元基础构型,并对其结构和展开原理进行详细设计。通过D-H坐标变换建立该机构可展单元的运动学模型,根据几何约束条件建立机构位置矢量方程,利用向量封闭投影法解出各回转角间的关系,结合MATLAB软件编程对机构的位置、速度和加速度进行分析。应用ADAMS软件建立机构仿真模型,验证了机构运动学分析的正确性。最后根据机构中回转角的限制条件和结构尺寸关系,分析回转角和结构尺寸对可展开固体反射面机构收拢率的影响,确定2.2m可展开固体反射面机构的回转角和旋转角分别为78°和30°,中心圆盘半径、铰支座一孔纵向尺寸、切换连杆横向尺寸、纵向尺寸分别为245,8,40,18mm,收拢率为0.326,从而为可展开固体反射面机构的设计提供参考。