萃取精馏及进展

萃取精馏是一种特殊精馏方法 ,适用于近沸点物系和共沸物的分离。萃取精馏按操作方式可分为连续萃取精馏和间歇萃取精馏 ,间歇萃取精馏是近年发展起来的新的萃取精馏方法。萃取精馏的关键是溶剂的选择 ,以往萃取精馏采用的溶剂是单一溶剂 ,近年来人们开始研究使用混合溶剂 ,取得了良好效果     

萃取精馏技术及其在分离过程中的应用

对萃取精馏技术及其在分离过程中的研究与应用进行了讨论。从萃取精馏的基本原理与操作类型、溶剂的物理特性与筛选方法等方面进行了介绍,同时列举了萃取精馏技术在一些物系分离中的应用。最后指出了萃取精馏技术的研究方向。     

Extractive distillation: Advances in conceptual design,solvent selection,and separation strategies

Extractive distillation(ED) is one of the most promising approaches for the separation of the azeotropic or closeboiling mixtures in the chemical industry. The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent development of key aspects in the ED process involving conceptual design, solvent selection, and separation strategies. To obtain the minimum entrainer feed flow rate and reflux ratio for the ED process, the conceptual design of azeotropic mixture separation based on a topological analysis via thermodynamic feasibility insights involving residue curve maps, univolatility lines, and unidistribution curves is presented. The method is applicable to arbitrary multicomponent mixtures and allows direct screening of design alternatives. The determination of a suitable solvent is one of the key steps to ensure an effective and economical ED process. Candidate entrainers can be obtained from heuristics or literature studies while computer aided molecular design(CAMD) has superiority in efficiency and reliability. To achieve optimized extractive distillation systems, a brief review of evaluation method for both entrainer design and selection through CAMD is presented. Extractive distillation can be operated either in continuous extractive distillation(CED) or batch extractive distillation(BED), and both modes have been well-studied depending on the advantages in flexibility and low capital costs. To improve the energy efficiency, several configurations and technological alternatives can be used for both CED and BED depending on strategies and main azeotropic feeds. The challenge and chance of the further ED development involving screening the best potential solvents and exploring the energy-intensive separation strategies are discussed aiming at promoting the industrial application of this environmentally friendly separation technique.     

异丙醇-环己烷萃取精馏过程模拟与优化

利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus对异丙醇-环己烷共沸物系的双塔连续萃取精馏过程进行了模拟计算与优化。首先根据溶剂相似相溶原理,先初选出糠醛和硝基苯作为备选溶剂,再通过汽液平衡试验及ChemCAD模拟筛选,确定糠醛为最适宜溶剂,选择NRTL模型作为物性方法,使用RadFrac模块进行模拟计算,并利用灵敏度分析模块对各工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,最适宜工艺方案为：萃取精馏塔理论塔板数为30,原料在第26块板进料,溶剂在第12块板进料,物质的量回流比为1.8,溶剂质量比为3∶1;溶剂回收塔理论板数为15,进料位置在第10块板,物质的量回流比为1.0。分离效果可达到环己烷质量分数为99.74%,异丙醇质量分数为99.61%。模拟和优化结果为分离过程的优化操作和设计提供了依据。     

萃取精馏的研究进展

萃取精馏是化学工业中重要的分离方法之一。根据分离过程“流”和“场”的观点,将影响萃取精馏分离过程的因素归结构为“流”的影响即萃取精流程安排和萃取精馏塔的塔板结构,以及“场”的影响即萃取剂或溶剂的选择,本文对这些影响因素分别进行了介绍和论述。     

丙酮-四氢呋喃-水混合物的清洁分离工艺的概念设计

引言 四氢呋喃（THF）既是一种性能优良的贵重有机溶剂,又是一种重要的有机合成中间体,因此在制药、涂料、皮革等领域应用广泛．当四氢呋喃用作溶剂时,由于其不被消耗,往往需要进行回收．但四氢呋喃易与水、丙酮等其他极性溶剂形成共沸物,而生产中又常需要四氢呋喃的纯度足够高,进而增加了分离提纯难度．     

焦化苯加氢精制工艺萃取溶剂分析评价

介绍了国内焦化粗苯精制工艺情况,从溶剂的角度分析了不同工艺的特点,对萃取精馏技术中的溶剂NFM、SUL-COS应用进行了比较,提出了工艺选择的建议。萃取精馏工艺投资低,设备单元数少,产品污染风险小,回收率和产品纯度高,能耗和操作费用低,原料适应性宽,更适合焦化苯精制工艺使用。     

The economics of ethanol production by extractive fermentation

Extractive fermentation is a processing strategy in which reaction and recovery occur simultaneously in a fermentation vessel through the use of a water-immiscible solvent which selectively removes an inhibitory product. We have developed an ethanol extractive fermentation process incorporating continuous operation, the ability to ferment concentrated feedstocks, and greatly reduced energy and water use. This article provides a detailed economic assessment of this process relative to current technology for an annual capacity of 100 million litres of ethanol. Extractive fermentation provides significant economic advantages for both grass roots and retrofitted plants. Producing anhydrous ethanol without distillation is a prospect.     

萃取精馏分离甲醇-苯

采用萃取精馏的方法分离甲醇-苯的共沸物系。首先采用UNIFAC基团贡献理论并结合经验选取萃取剂,最终确定萃取剂为氯苯。对常压下甲醇 苯物系应用UNIFAC模型计算各组分的汽液相组成,并进行汽液平衡实验验证,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。通过间歇萃取精馏实验进一步考察验证所选萃取剂的分离效果。结果表明,氯苯能够打破甲醇-苯的共沸,进而分离甲醇和苯。溶剂物质的量之比为1、回流比为3、填料塔理论板数为30、溶剂回收段理论塔板数为4时产品甲醇回收率达到98%,说明氯苯能够作为萃取剂分离甲醇-苯二元共沸物系。最后,对甲醇-苯物系的连续精馏过程应用Aspen Plus进行了模拟计算,并且考察了回流比、萃取剂进料流率等参数对产品纯度的影响规律,为进一步实验研究及工业应用提供理论和实践基础。     

萃取精馏技术与工业应用进展

萃取精馏是近沸点混合物分离的主要方法,而萃取精馏性能受选取的溶剂、工艺流程及设备结构影响。结合国内外萃取精馏技术中溶剂选取方法、萃取工艺及设备改进方面取得的研究进展,介绍了近年来萃取精馏技术的应用新情况,特别是石化行业为了达到生产产品的升级,采用萃取精馏技术解决油品脱硫、芳烃工艺改进、裂解汽油中副产品的分离等生产难题,为石油化工、炼油行业带来了明显的经济效益。     

萃取精馏复合溶剂的复配选择

提出按溶剂之间复配形成氢键的情况和修正的UNIFAC模型相结合的方法选择分离共沸体系的萃取精馏复合溶剂。准确测量了共沸体系与萃取精馏单溶剂和复合溶剂的汽液平衡数据,结果表明采用的萃取精馏单溶剂和复合溶剂的选择方法具有较好的准确度,模拟值与实验值比较,相对偏差均小于9%。通过综合比较得到分离乙酸乙酯-乙醇、乙醇-水和环己烷-苯3个共沸体系的最佳复合溶剂及配比。在最佳复合溶剂组成下,原共沸体系的相对挥发度达到最大值,该值优于组成复合溶剂的单溶剂所达到的分离效果。在最佳复合溶剂组成下,改变原料体系组成,复合溶剂组成对原料体系相对挥发度的影响趋势基本相同,这表明复合溶剂在萃取精馏塔内不同原料组成下均能较好地增加体系的相对挥发度,为工业上在萃取精馏过程中使用复合溶剂提供了理论依据。     

Ethanol dehydration by extractive distillation

Experiments and process simulation enable favourable operating conditions to be determined for the extractive distillation of ethanol—water, with ethylene glycol as a solvent. The solvent molar rate to feed molar rate ratio S/F = 0·6 and the reflux ratio R = 0·5 were determined in order to achieve at least 99·5 mole % purity of ethanol. Other parameters examined include feed concentration, purity of solvent, and number of plates. Extractive distillation can be used to achieve high purity of ethanol at low energy consumption and under simple operating conditions.     

萃取精馏分离苯/环己烷共沸体系的控制策略

将常规萃取精馏、差压热耦合萃取精馏以及隔壁塔萃取精馏技术应用于以糠醛为萃取剂的苯和环己烷共沸物分离过程。在稳态模型的基础上,利用Aspen Dynamics软件进行控制研究,对三工艺流程提出了若干控制策略。结果表明,对于常规萃取精馏过程,再沸器热负荷与进料量比值控制结构在降低控制过程超调量方面表现出明显优势;对于差压热耦合萃取精馏过程,带有压力-补偿控温策略的方案控制效果更佳;而对于隔壁塔,则选择了无隔板下方气液分离比控制的结构来作为较优的控制策略。     

BP-4生产废液处理的工艺研究

通过研究,确定利用萃取精馏法分离BP-4生产废液的最佳工艺条件:以甲苯为萃取剂,四氟鲍尔环为填料,回流比控制在5∶1,萃取剂滴加速率为5∶1,萃取剂配比为2∶1。以此工艺路线分离所得的碳酸二甲酯纯度为98.8%,异丙醇纯度为98.5%。     

Conceptual process design of extractive distillation processes for ethylbenzene/styrene separation

In the current styrene production process the distillation of the close-boiling ethylbenzene/styrene mixture to obtain an ethylbenzene impurity level of 100 ppm in styrene accounts for 75–80% of the energy requirements. The future target is to reach a level of 1–10 ppm, which will increase the energy requirements for the distillation even further. Extractive distillation is a well-known technology to separate close-boiling mixtures up to high purities. The objective of this study was to investigate whether extractive distillation using ionic liquids (ILs) is a promising alternative to obtain high purity styrene. Three ILs were studied: [3-mebupy][B(CN)₄], [4-mebupy][BF₄], and [EMIM][SCN]. Extractive distillation with sulfolane and the current conventional distillation process were used as benchmark processes. The IL [4-mebupy][BF₄] is expected to outperform the other two ILs with up to 11.5% lower energy requirements. The operational expenditures of the [4-mebupy][BF₄] process are found to be 43.2% lower than the current distillation process and 5% lower than extractive distillation with sulfolane extractive distillations. However, the capital expenditures for the sulfolane process will be about 23% lower than those for the [4-mebupy][BF₄] process. Finally, the conclusion can be drawn from the total annual costs that all studied extractive distillation processes outperform the current distillation process to obtain high purity styrene, but that the ILs evaluated will not perform better than sulfolane.     

Optimization of the Design and Operation of Extractive Distillation Processes

The achievement of the optimal operating point of extractive distillation systems involves determining the values of the process variables, such as the solvent flowrate, the reflux ratio of the extractive, and recovery columns. From the point of view of design, the optimum involves defining the number of stages of extractive and recovery columns, as well as the feed stage positions of these columns. The above-mentioned columns are coupled through a recycle stream, which makes obtaining the optimal operating and design points a more complex task. This study arose from a new procedure for the analysis of extractive distillation columns, in which the solvent mole fraction in the solvent feed stage is the primary variable to be analyzed. The procedure allows for determining the values of the process and design variables that provide the global minimum for the total annual cost and the specific energy consumption of the extractive distillation processes (extractive and recovery columns). Furthermore, it is possible to determine the minimum solvent flowrate and the minimum reflux ratio for separation. Obtaining anhydrous ethanol using ethylene glycol as solvent is the case study of this work.     

A simulation study on selection of optimized process for azeotropic separation of methanol and benzene: Internal heat integration and economic analysis

This work provides an insight into the separation of azeotropic mixtures by using two different techniques: pressure swing distillation and extractive distillation. Both methods are used to separate an azeotropic mixture of methanol and benzene. This mixture exhibits a minimum boiling azeotrope at temperature 57.97 °C and pressure 1 bar with mole fractions of 0.61 and 0.39 for methanol and benzene, respectively. However, the azeotropic point in methanol and benzene mixture is pressure sensitive, which can be shifted by changing pressure with a process called pressure swing distillation. Extractive distillation with suitable solvent is another method to separate such kind of mixture. Both methods are rigorously simulated and optimized for minimum heat duties. Internal heat integration is applied too for increasing energy efficiency. New optimization techniques are carried out with process simulator Aspen HYSYS V8.4 and results reveal the best method for separation of methanol and benzene azeotropic mixture.     

加盐萃取精馏分离乙醇—水体系的研究进展

乙醇在化工、医药和电子等领域有广泛的应用,燃料乙醇作为可再生能源,已成为世界各国新型能源研发的重点。加盐萃取精馏是在溶盐精馏和萃取精馏的基础上发展起来,目前加盐萃取精馏是分离乙醇—水体系的重要方法。本文将分别介绍溶盐精馏和萃取精馏,以及加盐萃取精馏分离乙醇—水体系的研究现状及发展前景。     

Effect of thermodynamic parameters on prediction of phase behavior and process design of extractive distillation

Extractive distillation was investigated for separation of the minimum azeotrope of n-propanol/water,via the Aspen Plus simulation platform.Experimental data of n-propanol/water,which could pass the thermodynamic consistency test,were regressed to get suitable binary interaction parameters (BIPs) by the UNIQUAC thermodynamic model.The azeotrope system was heterogeneous in the simulation with built-in BIPs,which was contrary to the experimental data.The study focused on the effect of thermodynamic parameters on the prediction of phase behavior,and process design of extractive distillation.N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and ethylene glycol were used as solvents to implement the separation.Processes with built-in and regressed BIPs were explored,based on the minimum total annual cost (TAC).There were significant differences in the phase behavior simulation using different thermodynamic parameters,which showed the importance of BIPs in the design and optimization of extractive distillation.     

常规间歇萃取精馏分离苯-环己烷的研究

通过一个常规间歇萃取精馏实验装置,考察了不同萃取剂在不同回流比及萃取溶剂加入速率情况下对分离苯-环己烷共沸体系的影响。结果表明,二元混合溶剂能够解决单一溶剂的选择性与溶解性相矛盾的问题;且在同等条件下,综合性能优于单一溶剂;随着溶剂加入速率和操作回流比的增加,产品的产量逐渐提高,尤其重要的是混合溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术与简单溶剂间歇萃取精馏技术相比并不复杂。