The Effect of Functional Finishes and Laundering on Textile Materials Part II: Characterization of Liquid Flow

The effect of finishes and laundering on the liquid flow in cotton and polyester-fiber fabrics is investigated. The liquid flow can be categorized into vertical wicking and demand wettability. Since the liquid flow in fibrous materials is affected by the pore size, based on the Washburn equation, the effect of fabric pore size and pore-size distribution was also studied.

The presence of the three different finishes (durable-press, stain-repellent, and antistatic) and laundering changed the vertical-wicking and demand-wettability phenomena owing to changes in the surface energy of fibers and/or changes in pore characteristics. However, the results from vertical wicking and demand wettability did not always agree. The vertical-wicking test was more sensitive to finishing treatments and responded in a more predictable way. In general, changes in liquid flow in finished fabrics can be predicted from the surface energy of the fiber in the fabrics and the pore size and pore-size distribution in the fabrics, as expressed by the Washburn equation. To assess the relationship between liquid flow in fabrics and the surface properties of fibers quantitatively, however, it is necessary to have specific information on the number of pores in a fabric, in addition to the data on the pore-size distribution.     

The Progressive Deterioration of Textile Materials Part IV: The Effect of Accelerotor Abrasion on the Comfort Properties of Fabrics

An investigation is reported in which the changes in various physical and mechanical properties of a range of fabrics made from different fibres after subjection to abrasion in the Accelerotor tester for various periods of time were observed. As expected, abrasion causes disintegration of fibre, yarn, and fabric structures, but differences are found in its effect on the various properties studied between the different fabrics.     

纳米材料主要特性及其在纺织领域的应用

个绍了纳米材料的概念及纳米材料的表面效应、小尺寸效应、量子尺寸效应、量子隧道效应、物理效应和化学效应等特性。指出利用纳米材料的特殊性能可以制作抗紫外线、抗老化、高强耐磨、抗菌、抗静电等功能性纤维,开发多功能、高附加值的功能性织物。     

纺织新材料及染整加工特性(中)

介绍了近年来国内外开发的纺织新材料：新型天然纤维（天然彩棉、天然彩丝、原竹纤维、蜘蛛丝等）;再生纤维素纤维（Lyocell、高湿模量纤维、竹浆粘胶纤维）;再生蛋白质纤维（牛奶蛋白纤维、大豆蛋白纤维、蚕蛹蛋白纤维等）;其它再生纤维（甲壳胺纤维、海藻纤维）;新型功能性合纤（超细纤维、复合纤维、吸湿排汗纤维、易染性涤纶纤维、聚乳酸纤维等）的基本特性.     

农用纺织被覆材料及其性能

简介国外农用纺织被覆材料的原料、结构、特性及用途。     

功能性织物整理材料的现状及其在皮革中的应用前景

介绍了目前织物防紫外线、保暖、抗菌防臭功能性整理材料的研究状况,展望了将它们应用于皮革中的技术和前景.     

气相氟化作用在纺织材料表面改性上的应用

本文着重介绍了气相氟化作用在纺织材料表面改性上的应用现状。结果表明，这种利用低氟浓度和高流通速度的方法可以在纺织材料表面产生出令人满意的表面效果。这种改性具有长期的稳定性，设备投资适中，因此可以广泛应用于各种预处理工艺。     

我国保健食品原料的特点及安全学问题

我国保健食品有悠久的历史,尤其是以含有中药以及药食两用原料为主研制而成的具有中医特色的保健食品在我国养生保健中发挥着越来越重要的作用。因此,这类原料的安全性已成为十分重要的食品安全问题,现就我国保健食品原料的特点及安全学问题作一综述。     

壳聚糖在织物功能性整理中的应用(一)

阐述甲壳质／壳聚糖的制备、结构和性能，探讨了壳聚糖在织物功能性整理方面的应用，包括抗菌、消臭、聚酯抗静电和羊毛防缩整理等。     

Modelling of Textile Structural Composites Part I: Processing-science Model for Three-dimensional Braiding

This paper demonstrates a unified approach to the design, analysis, and manufacturing of three-dimensional braids for structural composites. The linkage between manufacturing and performance is accomplished through a processing-science model. By combining a topological model of the braiding process with geometrical and mechanical models, a process structure/properties relationship for 3-D braid-reinforced composites is created to form a communication link between structural-design engineers and textile-materials engineers.     

家庭滚筒洗衣机脱水转速对纯棉衬衫外观性能的影响研究

家庭洗涤时,洗衣机脱水转速对服装水洗尺寸变化率及外观平整度影响显著,因而脱水转速的设定对洗衣机参数优化影响重要.本文选取常见纯棉衬衫,在滚筒洗衣机脱水转速分别为400r、600r、800r、1000r条件下洗涤,分别测试其尺寸变化率、外观平整度、最终含水率等指标,并且通过显微镜观察衬衫洗涤前后纱线直径的变化.结果发现,随脱水转速的增大,衬衫纱线的直径增大,最终含水率降低;1000r洗涤后纯棉衬衫纵横向的尺寸收缩率最小,而400r、600r洗涤后织物的外观平整度高于1000r洗涤.研究成果可为纯棉衬衫家庭滚筒洗涤时脱水转速的设置提供依据.     

棕色脂肪功能特性对肉品品质的影响

棕色脂肪组织是存在于哺乳动物体内的一种"消耗能量"的特殊脂肪,通过位于其线粒体内膜上UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1)的解偶联作用促进糖脂代谢,改善能量平衡.棕色脂肪功能特性虽在治疗代谢型疾病方向有深入研究,但对肉品品质的影响还处于初期研究阶段.本文综述棕色脂肪分化来源、功能特性及激活因素,阐述棕色...     

Quantifying Nonhomogeneous Colors in Agricultural Materials Part I: Method Development

ABSTRACT: Measuring the color of food and agricultural materials using machine vision (MV) has advantages not available by other measurement methods such as subjective tests or use of color meters. The perception of consumers may be affected by the nonuniformity of colors. For relatively uniform colors, average color values similar to those given by color meters can be obtained by MV. For nonuniform colors, various image analysis methods (color blocks, contours, and “color change index”[CCI]) can be applied to images obtained by MV. The degree of nonuniformity can be quantified, depending on the level of detail desired. In this article, the development of the CCI concept is presented. For images with a wide range of hue values, the color blocks method quantifies well the nonhomogeneity of colors. For images with a narrow hue range, the CCI method is a better indicator of color nonhomogeneity.     

Some Textile Applications of Finite-element Analysis Part I: Finite Elements for Aligned Fibre Assemblies

A new approach to the application of finite elements to aligned-fibre-assembly problems is introduced. This more rigorous application of finite-element analysis will allow the solution of a range of problems that have been impossible to solve by using previous approaches. Difficulties with non-linear material properties and large-scale deformations are overcome by defining the element stiffness matrix in a co-ordinate system based on the energy modes of the element deformation. It is shown how algorithms can be used to supply non-linear relationships for various types of deformation, simplifying the task of using complex material properties. The transformation of the element properties back to a conventional co-ordinate system to allow assembly of all of the elements in the structure is presented.

A two-dimensional element is developed to model aligned fibre assemblies. To maintain fibre continuity between finite elements, twelve degrees of freedom are required for each element. The deformation modes of this element are derived in terms of the conventional co-ordinate system. The results from the finite-element analysis are compared favourably with measurements taken from a deformed array of springs.

This paper is the first part of a series of two papers. Part II will investigate the application of finite elements to yarn mechanics.     

纺织材料应用起源探析

纺织材料广泛存在于自然界中,是易被获取和使用的一类物质,其应用起源的历史应该是久远的。已出土的石器时代的石器、陶器、骨器等,有很多能够从其形制、用途或装饰图案上反映出纺织材料的存在。以这些出土实物为旁证,对纺织材料在应用方面的起源方式进行分析探讨。从最初人类如何更好地满足生存需求的角度,结合纺织材料与生俱来的绑扎、遮盖、打结、系挂、铺垫等功能,认为纺织材料的起源主要有工具、标识、防寒舒适之需等几种可能。同时基于相关考古实物的所属年代,对纺织材料的起源时间作进一步的推测。     

Measurement of the Surface Prickle of Fabrics Part I: The Evaluation of Potential Objective Methods

Surface prickle of fabrics can be a factor limiting the use of the coarser types of wool in apparel or upholstery products. An investigation is reported in which, in order to find a method of measuring prickle, a selection of fabrics with a widely differing number and stiffness of protruding fibres was assessed for prickle subjectively and by three potential objective techniques: low-pressure compression-testing, laser-counting of protruding fibres, and a modified audio-pick-up method. It was found that the audio technique was the most effective of those explored. The mean integrated signal per contact (a parameter measured by the audio technique, indicative of the mean force per contact between a fibre and the stylus) was found to correlate well (r = 0.89) with the subjectively determined relative degree of prickle.     

甲醛对室内空气的污染与功能纺织品

介绍了家庭装修对室内空气造成的甲醛污染和几种常用处理方法的机理 ,并对近几年兴起的光催化技术和活性碳纤维处理技术与家用纺织品结合的可能性提出了看法。     

激光表面处理技术在纺织品上的应用

介绍了不同条件下的紫外激光对纺织品,特别是合成纤维的表面结构所产生的影响,并讨论了激光处理技术在纺织品上的一些应用。     

功能型个人护理用品水刺非织造表层材料的开发

文章针对当前个人护理用品表层材料卫生质量合格率不高、易致敏、吸湿透气率低的问题,选用竹纤维、聚乳酸纤维、PP/PE纤维,三者按适当的比例进行混合梳理成网,通过水刺加固、烘干定型,开发出一种具有抗菌、除味、透气好、易吸湿的功能性水刺非织造材料。     

低温等离子体技术在纺织品中的应用

等离子体是物质聚集态的第四态,是由极具反应活性电子、离子、自由基、激发态的原子、分子等活性粒子组成的集合体。中阐述了等离子体技术的特点、等离子体的性质、发生方法及对纺织材料（织物、纱线、纤维）的作用方式、原理及在纺织印染方面的应用方向。