基于LBSN动态异构网络的时间感知兴趣点推荐

随着基于位置社交网络(Location-Based Social Network,LBSN)的快速发展,兴趣点(Point-Of-Interest,POI)推荐可以帮助人们发现有趣的并吸引人的位置。针对签到数据的稀疏性和用户兴趣的动态性等挑战性问题,提出了基于LBSN动态异构网络的时间感知兴趣点推荐算法。在LBSN异构网络模式中增加会话节点类型。通过动态元路径,在用户和兴趣点语义关系之间有效地融入时间信息、位置信息和社交信息等。设置了用户-兴趣点之间的动态元路径集,并提出了动态路径实例的偏好度计算方法。采用矩阵分解模型对不同动态偏好矩阵进行矩阵分解。根据不同动态元路径的用户特征矩阵和兴趣点特征矩阵,获取用户在目标时间访问兴趣点的推荐列表。实验结果表明,与其他兴趣点推荐方法相比,所提方法在兴趣点推荐精确度上取得了较好的推荐结果,具有良好的应用前景。     

自注意力下时空-语义相融合的POI序列推荐

近年来,随着基于位置的社交网络(Location-Based Social Network, LBSN)不断发展,POI序列推荐逐渐成为近年来研究的热点问题.现有的POI序列推荐方法仅仅按照时间的先后顺序建模用户历史签到序列,默认用户POI轨迹中连续POI之间具有相等的时间间隔,忽略了用户签到记录之间的时间间隔影响.另外,POI之间的地理距离以及语义信息也是影响推荐准确性的重要因素.基于此,本文提出自注意力下时空-语义相融合的POI序列推荐模型(POI sequence recommendation model based on the integration of spatiotemporal and semantics under self-attention, SA-TDS-PRec).首先,根据用户的实际签到时间建模POI轨迹.其次,融合POI绝对位置、时空间隔以及语义相关信息.最后利用自注意力机制捕捉用户动态偏好的演化,从而提高POI推荐的准确性.在公开数据集Gowalla和Yelp上进行可扩展实验.结果表明,该模型优于目前主流的基准模型,有效提升推荐结果准确性.     

动态融合社交信息的社会化推荐

针对推荐算法中的数据稀疏问题,通常引入社交数据作为辅助信息进行社会化推荐。传统的社会化推荐算法忽略用户的兴趣迁移,导致模型无法描述用户兴趣的动态变化特征,也忽略了社交影响的动态特性,导致模型将很久以前的社交行为与近期社交行为同等对待。针对这两点提出一种社交信息动态融合的社会化推荐模型SLSRec。首先,利用自注意力机制构建用户交互物品的序列模型,以实现对用户兴趣的动态描述;然后,设计具有时间遗忘的注意力机制对社交短期兴趣进行建模,并设计具有协同特性的注意力机制对社交长期兴趣进行建模;最后,融合社交的长短期兴趣与用户的短期兴趣来获得用户的最终兴趣并产生下一项推荐。利用归一化折损累计增益（NDCG）和命中率（HR）指标在稀疏数据集brightkite和稠密数据集Last.FM上把所提模型与序列推荐模型（自注意力序列推荐（SASRec）模型）和社会化推荐模型（社会推荐的神经影响扩散（DiffNet）模型）进行对比验证。实验结果显示,SLSRec模型与DiffNet模型相比,在稀疏数据集上的HR指标提升了8.5%;与SASRec模型相比,在稠密数据集上的NDCG指标提升了2.1%,表明考虑社交信息的动态特性使推荐结果更加准确。     

融合社交关系和局部地理因素的兴趣点推荐

兴趣点（Point-Of-Interest,POI）推荐是基于位置社交网络（Location-Based Social Network,LBSN）中一项重要的个性化服务,可以帮助用户发现其感兴趣的[POI],提高信息服务质量。针对[POI]推荐中存在的数据稀疏性问题,提出一种融合社交关系和局部地理因素的[POI]推荐算法。根据社交关系中用户间的共同签到和距离关系度量用户相似性,并基于用户的协同过滤方法构建社交影响模型。为每个用户划分一个局部活动区域,通过对区域内[POIs]间的签到相关性分析,建立局部地理因素影响模型。基于加权矩阵分解挖掘用户自身偏好,并融合社交关系和局部地理因素进行[POI]推荐。实验表明,所提出的[POI]推荐算法相比其他方法具有更高的准确率和召回率,能够有效缓解数据稀疏性问题,提高推荐质量。     

深度学习方法在兴趣点推荐中的应用研究综述

在基于位置的社交网络（LBSN）中,用户可以在兴趣点（POI）进行签到以记录行程,也可以与其他用户分享自身的感受并形成社交好友关系。POI推荐是LBSN提供的一项重要服务,其可以帮助用户快速发现感兴趣的POI,也有利于POI提供商更全面地了解用户偏好,并有针对性地提高服务质量。POI推荐主要基于对用户历史签到数据以及用户生成内容、社交关系等信息的分析来实现。系统归纳POI推荐中所面临的时空序列特征提取、内容社交特征提取、多特征整合、数据稀疏性问题处理这4个方面的挑战,分析在POI推荐中使用深度学习方法解决上述问题时存在的优势以及不足。在此基础上,展望未来通过深度学习提高POI推荐效果的研究方向,即通过增量学习加速推荐模型更新、使用迁移学习缓解冷启动问题以及利用强化学习建模用户动态偏好,从而为实现效率更高、用户体验质量更好的推荐系统提供新的思路。     

时间感知的兴趣点推荐方法

在基于位置的社交网络(Location-based Social Networks,LBSN)中,用户共享位置和与位置信息相关的内容.兴趣点推荐是LBSN的重要应用,根据用户历史访问签到记录推荐其可能感兴趣的位置.与其他推荐问题(如产品推荐或电影推荐)相比,用户对兴趣点的偏好在时间感知特征上尤为凸显.文中探索了时间感知特征对兴趣点推荐任务的影响,提出了时间感知的兴趣点推荐方法TAPR(Time Aware POI Recommendation).该算法基于不同的时间尺度构建不同的关系矩阵,并且利用张量分解将构建出的多个关系矩阵分解从而得到用户与兴趣点的表示.最后,该算法利用余弦相似性计算用户与未访问POIs的相似性得分,并结合用户偏好建模的算法得到最终推荐分数.在两个公开数据集上的实验结果表明,TAPR算法比其他基于兴趣点推荐算法表现更好.     

LBSN中融合类别信息的混合推荐模型

针对基于位置的社交网络（Location-Based Social Network,LBSN）中用户签到数据的高稀疏性问题及用户隐私问题,提出了一种混合推荐模型（SoGeoCat）.首先,通过用户潜在兴趣点数据模型,学习用户的潜在兴趣点;其次,将用户的潜在兴趣点纳入融合类别信息的矩阵分解模型中并优化;最后,根据用户特征矩阵、兴趣点特征矩阵,提出推荐策略.基于Foursquare真实数据集,实验结果表明：（1）相比于其他几个推荐模型,该算法将用户的潜在兴趣点填充至用户-兴趣点矩阵中,可以有效地缓解数据稀疏性的影响;（2）该算法可保护用户家庭信息;（3）在推荐模型中纳入类别信息的影响能提高推荐效果.     

多源异构签到数据中改进RNN的POI推荐

在基于位置的社交网络(LBSNs)中,现有的兴趣点(POI)推荐方法主要考虑地理位置和社交关系因素的影响,对签到行为的顺序和时间因素影响关注较少。针对该问题,提出一种改进循环神经网络(RNN)的POI推荐的方法。通过因子分解机对影响POI推荐因素的稀疏矩阵进行去稀疏化;通过提出的MMBE框架对多源异构签到数据整体建模,得到POI推荐的影响因子;将影响因子输入改进型RNN,计算出兴趣点预测值,将预测值最高的前K个兴趣点推荐给用户。实验结果表明,所提方法在精度、召回率、F1值方面优于其它3种较新的POI推荐方法。     

基于地理偏好排序的兴趣点混合推荐模型

随着基于位置的社交网络（LBSN）迅速发展,作为缓解信息过载的有效手段,兴趣点（POI）推荐备受关注。由于用户签到数据是隐式反馈数据,且十分稀疏,为了有效地从用户签到数据中捕获用户POI偏好,提出了一个基于地理偏好排序的POI混合推荐模型。首先,考虑用户签到数据的隐式反馈特性及用户活动的空间约束,利用传统贝叶斯个性化排序（BPR）模型计算POI距离对POI排序的影响,提出加权BPR(GWBPR)模型;然后,针对用户签到数据的稀疏性,融合GWBPR模型和逻辑矩阵分解（LMF）模型,提出混合模型GWBPR-LMF。在两个真实数据集Foursquare和Gowalla上的实验结果表明,GWBPR-LMF模型的性能优于BPR、LMF、SAE-NAD(Self-AttentiveEncoderand Neighbor-Aware Decoder)等对比模型。与较优的对比模型SAE-NAD相比,GWBPR-LMF模型的POI推荐的精确率、召回率、F1值、平均精度均值（mAP）、归一化折损累积增益（NDCG）在数据集Foursquare上分别平均提升了44.9%、57.1%、78.4%、55.3%和...     

LBSN中基于活动区域划分的元路径兴趣点推荐

基于位置的社交网络(Location Based Social Networks,LBSN)的相关服务推荐越来越多,而兴趣点(Point Of Interest,POI)推荐作为LBSN相关服务中的一项个性化推荐也备受关注,越来越多的学者投入研究。目前,各种基于位置的推荐算法层出不穷,但由于LBSN中的数据极度稀疏的原因,导致许多算法推荐精度不高,本文提出了一种基于用户活动区域划分的元路径推荐算法。首先,根据用户签到以及点评的地点呈现区域性,将用户活动区域分为频繁活动区域和不经常活动区域,根据LBSN结构特征构建用户-活动区域和活动区域-兴趣点之间的二分图模型,其次引入元路径,计算从用户到兴趣点的实例路径的关联度,最后根据关联度大小生成推荐列表。结果表明,该算法较传统的LBSN推荐算法有更好的推荐效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.