Reactive Architecture,Augmented Textiles,Domotics and Soft Architecture Fabrication: On Electronic and Reactive Textiles in Domestic Contexts

The present paper interrogates the status and the role of electronic and reactive textiles in domestic contexts. After a preliminary incursion into the modern definition of home and homing, the paper addresses the changes that took place in the domestic space due to the development of digital and communication technologies. Defined as a “sensing home,” as a “communicating domestic space,” smart homes are challenging the traditional understanding of home, defined in terms of intimacy and privacy. In this context, electronic and reactive textiles are asked to overcome the low acceptance of smart homes, through their technical, sensorial, and cultural dimensions. The paper highlights some of the pros and cons in accommodating the latest technological advances in the field of textiles, analyses the way physical computing allows textiles to transform into domotics (robots for domestic environments), presents some of the latest developments on soft architecture fabrication and argues in favor of a much more critical approach to the development of sensors and actuators in textile objects.     

纺织品仿生结构生色

结构生色是一种无需应用染料/颜料等化学着色剂就能产生绚丽多彩颜色的物理生色技术,该技术的研发和应用可为生态纺织的发展起到积极的推动作用。为此,简要介绍结构生色的基本概念和原理并从纺织染整的角度,阐述纺织品仿生结构生色常用的技术手段及其工业化应用存在的问题和面临的挑战,提出解决这些问题的若干思路和策略;概述结构生色技术在生态纺织、时尚纺织和智能纺织领域的应用和潜在应用,展望纺织品结构生色的未来发展方向。认为:色素着色和结构生色的并存和结合将是未来纺织染整领域发展和进步的必由之路。     

纺织染整领域支撑低碳排放的关键技术

为深入了解染整行业近年来在低碳排放领域取得的技术突破和现状,掌握行业技术前沿和发展趋势,对国内外相关技术和研究进展进行了综述.主要从节能减排技术、功能纺织品技术、先进绿色染整加工设备及系统、废水深度处理及化学品循环回用几个方面,对技术性能及其对低碳排放的作用进行了介绍.研究指出:染整领域不仅传统加工手段取得技术突破,还...     

自清洁功能性纺织品研究进展

在当前环境污染日趋严峻的条件下,自清洁功能纺织品具有巨大的发展潜力和广阔的市场空间。文章综述了纺织纤维及其纺织品获取自清洁功能的两种技术途径,即超疏水化表面技术和光催化自清洁技术,并介绍了两种技术途径的工作原理;同时对自清洁功能性纺织品的开发现状进行了阐述,还展望了其发展趋势,指出在开发高性能低成本的自清洁材料领域仍需不断探索。     

智能可穿戴纺织品用电活性纤维材料

为促进智能纤维材料和智能可穿戴纺织品的发展,对智能可穿戴纺织品用电活性纤维材料进行了全面的陈述。总结了近几年纤维基和织物基智能可穿戴纺织品的发展现状;介绍了电活性纤维材料的定义、常用制备方式、发展过程以及最新研究进展,并对其应用领域进行系统分类与性能探讨,包括应变传感、电致变色、智能调温、能量收集与存储等领域;讨论了目前电活性纤维材料用于智能可穿戴纺织品的发展潜力和面临的问题;最后指出其未来发展方向,以期为电活性纤维材料在智能可穿戴纺织品中的广泛应用提供理论和技术参考。     

单向导湿纺织品及其应用的研究进展

为进一步推动单向导湿技术在纺织领域的应用并拓宽单向导湿纺织品的应用领域,对近几年单向导湿纺织品的研究和发展现状及应用进行综述。从表面能梯度角度首先介绍了单向导湿纺织品的设计原理、常用制备方法、发展过程以及最新研究进展;然后分析了不同制备方法的优缺点;并对其应用领域进行分类与性能探讨,包括服用、雾水收集与油水分离以及传感器、空气过滤等领域;阐述了单向导湿性能在各个应用领域所起到的作用,讨论了目前单向导湿纺织品的发展潜力和面临的问题;最后针对当前单向导湿纺织品在制备方面的局限性,提出了可能的解决方案,展望其未来发展方向,以期为单向导湿纺织品的广泛应用提供理论和技术参考。     

三维针织间隔织物及其应用

描述了三维针织间隔织物的特性及其应用领域.具有特殊结构的三维间隔织物是用于开发新产品的新领域.这种产品与众不同的特点对多样化的应用领域,如汽车用纺织品、家用装饰品、运动纺织品、医用纺织品以及产业用纺织品等提供了更广泛的条件.     

Nanotechnology – a new route to high-performance functional textiles

The use of nanomaterials- and nanotechnology-based processes is growing at a tremendous rate in all fields of science and technology. Textile industry is also experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in its diverse field of applications. Textile-based nanoproducts starting from nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers to intelligent high-performance polymeric nanocoatings are getting their way not only in high performance advanced applications but nanoparticles are also successfully being used in conventional textiles to impart new functionality and improved performance. Greater repeatability, reliability and robustness are the main advantages of nanotechnological advancements in textiles. Nanoparticle application during conventional textile processing techniques, such as finishing, coating and dyeing, enhances the product performance manifold and imparts hitherto unachieved functionality. New coating techniques like sol-gel, layer-by-layer, plasma polymerization etc. can develop multi-functionality, intelligence, excellent durability and weather resistance to fabrics. The present paper focuses on the development and potential applications of nanotechnology in developing multifunctional and smart nanocomposite fibers, nanofibers and other new finished and nanocoated textiles. The four main areas of textile chemical processing, namely nanofinishing, nanocoating, nanocomposite coating and nanodyeing, are covered in the first section of this paper and the second section deals with developments in nanocomposite fibers and nanofibers. The influence of nanomaterials in textile finishing and processing to enhance product performance is discussed. Nanocoating is a relatively new technique in the textile field and is currently under research and development. Polymeric nanocomposite coatings, where nanoparticles are dispersed in polymeric media and used for coating applications, are the most promising route to develop multifunctional and intelligent high-performance textiles. Not much research has been done on applying the concept of nanotechnology in dyeing of textiles except a few reports on dye particle size reduction, structural change in fibers or the surface etching of textiles to create nanostructured surfaces. The reduction in water consumption during nanotechnology applications in textile processing has the potential to control the effluent problems of a textile process house. The most researched area to produce multifunctional, smart fibers is the preparation of nanocomposite fibers where the exceptional properties of nanoparticles have been utilized to enhance and impart several functionalities on conventional textile grade fibers. Nanofibers are gaining popularity in some specialized technical applications such as filter fabric, antibacterial patches and chemical protective suits. Nanotechnological advances in these two areas of nanocomposite fibers and nanofibrous forms have also been reviewed.     

用于个人热湿舒适管理的功能纺织品研究进展

为提高个体舒适性,降低建筑制冷和供暖能耗,研发可调节人体与环境热湿交换的纺织品是一种极具前景的解决方案,为此对国内外热湿管理功能纺织品的研究进行了回顾。首先介绍了个人热湿舒适管理机制,其次归纳了辐射调温纺织品、相变调温纺织品、智能响应纺织品、导热纺织品、能量转换的调温纺织品和水分管理纺织品6种常见的可用于个人热湿管理的先进功能纺织品,概述了基于不同热湿管理机制功能纺织品的研究进展及其在多个领域的潜在应用。研究认为:织物调控人体-服装微气候热量和水分平衡是个体舒适的关键;指出目前热湿管理先进功能纺织品存在规模制备困难、功能单一化、智能化不足和缺乏体系的热湿舒适性评价等问题;展望了用于个人热量管理的高级纺织品、能量收集技术和柔性电子设备的集成是未来智能服装的发展趋势。     

Overview of wearable electronics and smart textiles

Protection and esthetics are the two common characteristics typically associated with textiles as clothing. Nevertheless, with the quickly altering needs of today’s consumers, a third characteristic is rising – that of “intelligence” – that is being integrated into fabrics to produce interactive or textiles (or i-textiles). The term electronic textiles, or e-textiles, are used to denote the class of fabric structures that integrate electronic elements with textiles and can sense changes in its environment and respond to it. This new class of wearable electronic systems is being designed to meet new and innovative applications in the military, public safety, healthcare, space exploration, sports, and consumer fitness fields. The goal of this paper is to focus on recent advances in the field of Smart Textiles and pay particular attention to the materials and their manufacturing process. Each technique shows advantages and disadvantages and the aim of this study is to improve the overall usability of smart clothing products by reviewing all developments which have been done in this case in order to straighten the path for future investigations and researches in this field.     

纤维材料与可穿戴技术的融合与创新

针对目前柔性智能可穿戴领域面临的产品功能单一、续航能力低、穿着舒适性差及三维扭曲形变时与人体贴合性不佳等问题,研究了基于纺织、材料、电子、通信、生物、能源及环境等多学科交叉领域的柔性智能可穿戴纺织品,分析了纤维基柔性智能可穿戴器件的制备方法、组成结构、三维形变与性能之间的关系。综述了近年来可 穿戴技术与产品的研究进展及纤维材料在柔性应变传感器、有机电化学晶体管基生化传感器、超级电容器、微生物燃料电池等柔性智能可穿戴领域的最新应用,指出可穿戴技术与纺织材料的融合是可穿戴产品发展的必然趋势和客观需求。     

Smart Dust: Sci-Fi Applications Enabled by Synthetic Fiber and Textiles Technology

Abstract

In the field of materials design research there is an increasing interest in an amalgamation of the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, and maths in order to focus upon smart fiber and textile innovation for human and environmental applications. What may seem sci-fi solutions for a raft of different problems have at the core innovative man-made textiles and technologies, and are becoming the zeitgeist of many international research and development sectors with the promise of as yet unknown applications and commercial opportunities. In 2007 Ohmatex's White Paper on Smart Textiles reported that in 2005 smart and interactive fabrics were worth US$340 million with a compound growth rate of 28.3 percent per year which became US$642 million in 2008 and has continued to rise. Today there is a paradigm shift in research activity due to technical developments in miniaturization at nano-scale, coupled with improved sensor networks and the creation of new composites to enable the creation of smart technologies for integration into soft engineering products for the body and the built environment. These innovations are enabled in many cases by traditional textile design thinking and product development such as the creation of synthetic nano fiber polymers, to incorporate ubiquitous computing into textiles which have immediate applications that include health-monitoring, active insulation, personal communication, environmental sensors, and security. The enhancement of integral nano-innovations such as self-cleaning, water repellence, thermal regulation, “breathability,” and materials that stiffen on impact or change shape are part of the textile future. Smart Dust is in this vanguard area, where the combination of synthetic textile polymer and pervasive and adaptive computing knowledge is emergent and highly technical in relation to applications. Here the objective is to move toward seamless invisible integration of technology, thereby producing products and services which are responsive to the external and human environment and which may ultimately contributing to wellbeing.     

智能纺织品及其在军用装备上的应用

智能纺织品具有感知、响应和反馈等三大要素,是未来纺织服装的发展方向,也是各国军方追求的目标。本文分析了目前典型的几类智能纺织品的技术现状和特点,并探讨了其在军用装备上应用的可能性。     

聚合物基石墨烯复合纤维及其纺织品研究进展

针对高纯石墨烯纤维可纺性差、成本高及分散难等问题,归纳了石墨烯的功能化改性方法,并对聚合物基石墨烯及其纺织品的研究进展进行综述。通过石墨烯与聚合物基体相的相互作用分析,深入探讨石墨烯对聚合物基石墨烯纤维微结构的影响机制,提出聚合物基石墨烯纺织品开发面临的技术挑战和理论难题。研究表明,石墨烯的高导电性和聚合物基体的柔性赋予聚合物基石墨烯纤维良好的可编织性,可确保其在拉伸、扭转、冲击等条件下具有良好的电导率稳定性,有望加快柔性可穿戴纺织品的开发进程。最后指出,利用可控和可预测的加工技术,在解决石墨烯高效分散的基础上可解决石墨烯高成本的问题,是聚合物基石墨烯纺织品的重要研究方向。     

智能纺织品的研究现状及应用

阐述了智能材料的基本概念，回顾了智能纺织品的研究历程，并提出了智能纺织品的研究及应用前景。     

用于油水分离的超润湿性纺织品研究进展

随着工业含油废水对全球水环境的持续破坏,应用于油水分离领域的超润湿纺织品成为近年来的研究热点。为促进超润湿纺织品的开发和应用,综述了近期国内外超润湿纺织品分离净化含油废水的研究进展,并对超疏水性/超亲油性、超亲水性/水下超疏油性表面的构建方法进行分类介绍,并分析了单一润湿性材料在实际应用中的局限性。为应对含有乳液、表面活性剂、染料和金属离子等杂质的含油污水,阐述了新型的Janus材料、智能响应材料以及多功能集成的油水分离材料的废水处理机制,分析了目前新型油水分离材料的研究进展和挑战。指出,随着含油污水的成分日益复杂,收集和净化难度增大,开发绿色、可持续和多功能的复合型超润湿纺织品具有重要的研究意义。     

可穿戴技术在纺织服装中的应用研究进展

为促进可穿戴技术与智能纺织服装领域的融合及产业化发展,系统介绍了近年来国内外关于可穿戴设备的材料、制备方法与工艺及其特点。针对目前可穿戴技术在纺织服装领域的研究现状,介绍了可穿戴设备的发展历程及其柔性化进程,对纺织服装领域用可穿戴设备进行了分类;详细阐述了信号感测、收集与传输装置、能量收集与管理装置、纺织天线等典型柔性可穿戴设备的发展现状;最后讨论了目前可穿戴设备存在的一些问题,并对其未来的发展趋势和前景进行展望。     

纳米银制备及其在纺织品中的应用研究进展

为了将纳米银更好的应用于纺织品的功能整理,系统介绍了近年来国内外关于纳米银的制备方法以及各种方法获得纳米银的特点,制备方法主要包括液相化学还原法、光化学合成法、电化学合成法、生物合成法以及微波辅助法等;同时综述了纳米银在纺织品领域的研究进展,将纳米银应用于纺织品可以赋予其良好的抗菌、紫外防护、自清洁、疏水、电磁屏蔽和抗静电等性能,并对纳米银实现这些功能性的作用机制进行详细阐述,以期推动纳米银在多功能纺织品领域的产业化发展。最后进一步对纳米银在纺织品应用中存在的问题进行深入分析总结,并对其在纺织品中的应用前景进行了展望。     

纤维基湿敏柔性驱动器的跨尺度构建及其性能

针对目前纤维基人工肌肉普遍存在变形模式单一(主要为一维扭转和伸缩)、刺激条件苛刻、潜在的化学毒性或制造工艺复杂等问题，提出基于纤维聚集态结构及纤维体分级结构的跨尺度处理策略。通过结构设计将普通粘胶纤维制成快速响应、湿驱动的纱线人工肌肉，进一步通过集成不同的纺织技术与拓扑编织结构设计，实现纱线人工肌肉的机械化生产，并将一维纱线肌肉进一步扩展为二维的织物肌肉驱动器。结果表明：所制备的纱线人工肌肉实现了高达1 657 (°)/cm的扭转冲程，所制备的织物肌肉实现了更高维度的螺旋、卷曲、弯曲和扭转等运动。该制备方法无需任何复合系统、复杂的合成加工和组件设计，有利于促进纤维基人工肌肉在智能纺织品等多领域的应用与发展。     

Phase change materials,their synthesis and application in textiles—a review

Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely being used in thermal energy storage systems for solar engineering, building materials, heat pumps, spacecraft, and in textile field especially smart and technical textiles. There are large numbers of organic and inorganic PCMs that possess a wide range of melting and solidifying temperature which attracts researcher’s attention for their applications in different fields. This review paper summarizes the investigation and analysis of the available organic and inorganic PCMs, different encapsulating techniques, characterization techniques, incorporation into fiber and pad application on textiles with practical applications in the field of smart textiles.